UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
x | Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014
OR
¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
Commission File Number: 001-32224
salesforce.com, inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 94-3320693 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
The Landmark @ One Market, Suite 300
San Francisco, California 94105
(Address of principal executive offices)
Telephone Number (415) 901-7000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | New York Stock Exchange, Inc. |
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
Not applicable
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
Based on the closing price of the Registrants Common Stock on the last business day of the Registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, which was July 31, 2013, the aggregate market value of its shares (based on a closing price of $43.75 per share) held by non-affiliates was approximately $15.5 billion. Shares of the Registrants Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each entity or person that owned 5 percent or more of the Registrants outstanding Common Stock were excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of January 31, 2014, there were approximately 610.1 million shares of the Registrants Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrants definitive proxy statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the Proxy Statement), to be filed within 120 days of the Registrants fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report on Form 10-K. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.
salesforce.com, inc.
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) in Item 7, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements consist of, among other things, trend analyses, statements regarding future events, future financial performance, our anticipated growth, the effect of general economic and market conditions, our business strategy and our plan to build our business, including our strategy to be the leading provider of enterprise cloud computing applications and platforms and to lead the industry shift to the customer company, our service performance and security, the expenses associated with new data centers, additional data center capacity, real estate and office facilities space, our operating results, new features and services, our strategy of acquiring or making investments in complementary businesses, joint ventures, services and technologies, and intellectual property rights, our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies, our ability to continue the growth and to maintain deferred revenue and unbilled deferred revenue, our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to develop our brands, our ability to realize the benefits from strategic partnerships, the effect of evolving government regulations, the effect of foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations on our financial results, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the potential availability of additional tax assets in the future and related matters, the impact of expensing stock options, the sufficiency of our capital resources factors related to our outstanding convertible notes, term loan, compliance with our related debt covenants, and capital lease obligations, and current and potential litigation involving us, all of which are based on current expectations, estimates, and forecasts, and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as expects, anticipates, aims, projects, intends, plans, believes, estimates, seeks, assumes, may, should, variations of such words, and similar expressions are also intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are directed to risks and uncertainties identified below, under Risk Factors and elsewhere in this report, for factors that may cause actual results to be different than those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS |
Overview
We are a leading provider of enterprise cloud computing solutions, with a strong focus on customer relationship management, or CRM, service offerings to our customers. Our company was founded on the concept of delivering CRM applications via the Internet, or cloud. We introduced our first CRM solution in February 2000 and we have expanded our offerings with new editions, solutions and enhanced features, through internal development and acquisitions.
Our mission is to help our customers transform themselves into customer companies by empowering them to connect with their customers in entirely new ways. With our four core service offerings, involving sales force automation, customer service and support automation, marketing automation, and the platform, we provide a next generation customer platform.
Our service offerings are intuitive and easy-to-use, can be deployed rapidly, customized easily and integrated with other platforms and enterprise applications, or apps. We deliver our solutions as a service via all the major Internet browsers and on leading major mobile device operating systems.
We sell to businesses of all sizes and in almost every industry worldwide on a subscription basis, primarily through our direct sales efforts and also indirectly through partners. Through our platform and other developer
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tools, we also encourage third parties to develop additional functionality and new apps that run on our platform, which are sold separately from, or in conjunction with, our service.
In July 2013, we acquired ExactTarget, Inc. (ExactTarget), a leading global provider of cross-channel, digital marketing solutions that empower organizations of all sizes to communicate with their customers through the digital channels they use most. With the acquisition of ExactTarget, we have created a world-class marketing platform that enables companies to deliver personalized marketing campaigns across the digital channels of email, social, mobile and the web.
We were incorporated in Delaware in February 1999. Our principal executive offices are located in San Francisco, California and our principal website address is www.salesforce.com. Our office address is The Landmark @ One Market, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105.
The Cloud, Social and Mobile Revolution
We believe that the convergence of cloud, social and mobile technologies has created billions of new connections between people and devices and is fundamentally transforming how companies sell, service, market and innovate.
Cloud computing has changed the way enterprise business apps are developed and deployed. Organizations no longer need to buy and maintain their own infrastructure of servers, storage and development tools in order to create and run business apps. Instead, companies can gain access to a variety of business apps via an Internet browser or mobile device on an as-needed basis, without the cost and complexity of managing the hardware or software in-house.
The broad shift to social networking has transformed the way people collaborate and is accelerating the adoption of technologies that connect people and products through feeds and status updates. There is a significant transition underway from desktops to smartphones and tablets, making it possible for people to get business done right from their mobile devices. And increasingly, customers want to be connected to the products they use.
Customers today are connected, empowered and demand a higher level of service and experience. We believe salesforce.com is at the forefront of connecting employees, partners, products and devices in order to help companies connect with their customers in new ways through this next generation of apps, devices and products.
Our Cloud Solutions
We provide enterprise cloud computing solutions. We offer social and mobile cloud apps and platform services, as well as professional services to facilitate the adoption of our solutions. We provide solutions in each of our four core markets: sales, customer service, marketing and cloud platforms.
Our primary service offerings are as follows:
Sales Cloud. The Sales Cloud, which we also refer to as the Salesforce1 Sales Cloud, is a popular solution for sales force automation and it enables companies to grow their sales pipelines, close more deals, improve sales productivity and gain valuable business insights. Our customers use the Sales Cloud to access accurate customer and prospect information, track leads and progress, forecast opportunities and collaborate around closing a sale on any device. The Sales Cloud also encompasses partner relationship management functionality (including channel management and partner communities) and real-time customer and contact information.
Service Cloud. The Service Cloud, which we also refer to as the Salesforce1 Service Cloud, is a platform for customer service and it enables companies to connect with their customers and effectively address
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their service and support needs. Our customers use the Service Cloud to connect their customer service agents with customers on a multitude of devices and across every channelphone, email, chat, self-service web portals, social networks, online communities and directly within their own products and apps.
Marketing Cloud. The Marketing Cloud, which we also refer to as the Salesforce1 ExactTarget Marketing Cloud, is a customer platform for one-to-one marketing and it enables companies to bring in data from any source and deliver personalized interactions (digital marketing) to any customer across any channelemail, mobile, social, web, or within their product. By combining our July 2013 acquisition of ExactTarget with our existing marketing automation solutions, we have created a world-class marketing platform that allows marketers to manage their digital marketing, including email, mobile, social, web, marketing automation and data analytics, from a single platform. With the Salesforce1 ExactTarget Marketing Cloud, customer data can be routed into the Sales Cloud and Service Cloud in the form of leads, contacts and customer service cases to give companies a complete view of their customers.
Salesforce1 Platform. The Salesforce1 Platform is a cloud platform for developing customer apps. Salesforce1 Platform is delivered as a service, enabling anyone to build business apps without the burden of managing hardware and software. Our customers use the Salesforce1 Platform to connect all of their apps, devices and customer data and make them available on any device. Salesforce1 Platform makes any app social and mobile by providing built-in social networking features, such as profiles, status updates and feeds, as well an interface that is optimized for viewing on mobile devices. With Salesforce1 Platform, developers, independent software vendors (ISVs), admins, employees and customers are able to access all their salesforce apps on any mobile device. Salesforce1 Platform gives customers the ability to create multiple copies of their organization in separate environments for a variety of purposes, such as testing and training.
Professional Services
We offer consulting, deployment, training, implementation, integration and campaign services to our customers to facilitate the adoption of our social and mobile cloud solutions. Our professional service engagements can be billed on a time and materials basis or through annual contracts. We offer a number of traditional classroom and online educational classes that address topics such as deploying, using, administering and developing on our service. We also offer classes for our partners who deploy our service on behalf of our customers. We bill the traditional classroom and some of the online educational classes on a per person, per class basis. There is a selection of online educational classes available at no charge to customers that subscribe to our service.
Business Benefits of Using Our Solution
The key advantages of our solution include:
Secure, private, scalable and reliable. Our service has been designed to provide our customers with privacy and high levels of performance, reliability and security. We have built, and continue to invest in, a comprehensive security infrastructure, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption for transmissions over the Internet, which we monitor and test on a regular basis. We built and maintain a multi-tenant application architecture that has been designed to enable our service to scale securely, reliably and cost-effectively. Our multi-tenant application architecture maintains the integrity and separation of customer data while still permitting all customers to use the same application functionality simultaneously.
Rapid deployment. Our service can be deployed rapidly since our customers do not have to spend time procuring, installing or maintaining the servers, storage, networking equipment, security products, or other infrastructure hardware and software necessary.
Ease of integration and configuration. IT professionals are able to integrate and configure our solutions with existing applications quickly and seamlessly. We provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable customers and independent software developers to both integrate our
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solution with existing third-party, custom, and legacy apps and write their own application services that integrate with our solutions. For example, many of our customers use our Salesforce1 API to move customer-related data from custom-developed and packaged applications into our service on a periodic basis to provide greater visibility into their activities.
High levels of user adoption. We have designed our solutions to be intuitive and easy to use. Our solutions contain many tools and features recognizable to users of popular consumer web services, so users are more familiar with our user interface than typical enterprise applications. As a result, our users can often use and gain benefit from our solutions with minimal training.
Rapid development of apps using the Salesforce1 Platform. Our customers and third-party developers can develop apps rapidly because of the ease of use and the benefits of a multi-tenant platform. We provide the capability for business users to easily customize our applications to suit their specific needs, and also a variety of programming language support so developers can code complex apps spanning multiple business processes and deliver them to multiple mobile devices.
Increased innovation. By providing infrastructure and development environments on demand, we provide developers the opportunity to create new and innovative apps without having to invest in hardware and distribution. A developer with an idea for a new app can log onto our platforms, develop, test and support their system on the Salesforce1 Platform and make the app accessible for a subscription fee to his or her customers.
Lower total cost of ownership. We enable customers to achieve significant up-front savings relative to the traditional enterprise software model. Customers benefit from the predictability of their future costs since they generally pay for the service on a per subscriber basis for the term of the subscription contract. Because we deploy all upgrades on our servers, new features and functionality automatically become part of our service on the upgrade release date and therefore benefit all of our customers immediately.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to deliver solutions that help companies transform the way they sell, service, market and innovate. Not only do we provide enterprise cloud apps, we also provide an enterprise cloud computing platform upon which our customers and partners can build apps.
Key elements of our strategy include:
Strengthening our solutions. We designed our solutions to easily accommodate new features and functionality. We intend to continue to extend our core solutions with new features and functions and increased security. We also offer advanced editions for an additional subscription fee to customers that require enhanced CRM capabilities. We offer a range of editions to meet our customers CRM requirements. Through our own development, acquisitions and partnerships, we have strengthened and extended our service offerings. We expect to continue to make such investments in the future.
Extending distribution into new and high-growth categories. As part of our growth strategy, we are delivering innovative solutions in new and high-growth categories, including marketing and cloud platforms. We are expanding our footprint in these areas to offer new social and mobile cloud innovations to our customers.
Expanding relationships with existing customers. We see a significant opportunity to deepen our relationships with our existing customers. As our customers realize the benefits of our service, we aim to upgrade the customer to higher priced editions, extend the duration of the customers contract and sell more subscriptions by targeting additional functional areas and business units within the customer organization, and ultimately pursue enterprise-wide deployments.
Pursuing new customers. We believe that our offerings provide significant value for businesses of any size. As a result, we will continue to aggressively target businesses of all sizes in top industries, primarily
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through our direct sales force. We have steadily increased and plan to continue to increase the number of direct sales professionals we employ, and we intend to develop additional distribution channels for our service.
Reducing attrition. Our goal is to have all of our customers renew their subscriptions at the end of their contractual terms. We run customer success and other related programs in an effort to secure renewals of existing customers.
Building our business in top markets globally. We also believe that there is a substantial market opportunity for our service globally. We plan to continue to aggressively market to customers worldwide in our top global markets by recruiting local sales and support professionals and by building partnerships that help us add customers in the largest enterprise software markets around the world. Additionally, we plan to increase data center capacity by opening additional data centers in our top global markets.
Encouraging the development of third-party apps on our cloud computing platforms. The Salesforce1 Platform enables existing customers, ISVs and third-party developers to create and deliver cloud apps they have built on our multi-tenant platform. It is a platform on which apps can be created, tested, published, and run. In addition, these apps can be marketed and sold on the AppExchange, our online marketplace for business apps, or sold directly by software vendors. We believe our ecosystem of developers and software vendors will address the business requirements of both current and potential customers.
Technology, Development and Operations
We deliver our service as a highly scalable, multi-tenant app. We use commercially available hardware and a combination of proprietary and commercially available software to provide our service. We have optimized our service to run on specific databases and operating systems using the tools and platforms best suited to serve our customers rather than providing software that must be written to different hardware, operating system and database platforms, or that depends upon a customers unique systems environment. As part of our business strategy, we periodically acquire companies or technologies, and we incorporate the acquired technologies into our service while maintaining the quality and security standards that are consistent with our brand and reputation. Performance, functional depth and the usability of our service drive our technology decisions and product direction.
Our service treats all customers as separate tenants in central applications, databases and other resources. As a result, we are able to spread the cost of delivering our service across our user base. In addition, because we do not have to manage thousands of distinct applications with their own business logic and database schemas, we believe that we can scale our business faster than traditional software vendors. Moreover, we can focus our resources on building new functionality to deliver to our customer base as a whole rather than on maintaining an infrastructure to support each of their distinct applications.
Because of our multi-tenant architecture, we are able to provide all of our customers with a solution based on a single version of our apps.
Our research and development efforts are focused on improving and enhancing the features, functionality and security of our existing service offerings as well as developing new features, functionality and services. In addition, from time to time we supplement our internal research and development activities with outside development resources and acquired technology.
Our customers access our service over the Internet via all of the major Internet browsers and on most major mobile device operating systems.
We provide our services to our customers from third-party data center hosting facilities located in the United States and other countries.
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Customers
We sell to businesses of all sizes. The number of paying subscriptions at each of our customers ranges from one to hundreds of thousands. None of our customers accounted for more than five percent of our revenues in fiscal 2014, 2013, or 2012.
Sources of Revenue
We derive our revenues primarily from subscription fees for our service. We also derive revenues from premier support, which provides customers with additional support beyond the standard support that is included in the basic subscription fee.
We recognize subscription and support revenue ratably over the contract term, beginning on the commencement date of each contract. The majority of our professional services contracts are on a time and materials basis, for which we generally recognize revenue as the services are rendered.
Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription services described above and is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Unbilled deferred revenue represents future billings under our subscription agreements that have not been invoiced and, accordingly, are not recorded in deferred revenue. We generally invoice customers in annual or quarterly installments. Deferred revenue and unbilled deferred revenue are influenced by several factors, including new business seasonality within the year, the specific timing and duration of large customer subscription agreements, the timing and compounding effects of customer renewals, varying billing cycles of subscription agreements, invoice timing, foreign currency fluctuations and new business linearity within the quarter.
Sales, Marketing and Customer Support
We organize our sales and marketing programs by geographic regions, including the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific, which includes Japan. The majority of our revenue from the Americas is attributable to customers in the United States. Approximately 30 percent of our revenue comes from customers outside of the Americas.
Direct Sales
We sell our services primarily through our direct sales force, which is comprised of telephone sales personnel based in regional hubs, and field sales personnel based in territories close to their customers. Both our telephone sales and field sales personnel are supported by sales representatives, who are primarily responsible for generating qualified sales leads. Our small business, commercial and enterprise account executives focus their efforts on small, mid-size and large enterprises, respectively.
Referral and Indirect Sales
We have a network of partners who refer sales leads to us and who then assist in selling to these prospects.
This network includes global consulting firms, systems integrators and regional partners. In return, we typically pay these partners a fee based on the first-year subscription revenue generated by the customers whom they refer. Also included in this network are ISVs, whom we typically pay a percentage of the subscription revenue generated by their referrals.
We continue to invest in developing additional distribution channels for our subscription service.
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Marketing
Our marketing strategy is to promote our brand and generate demand for our offerings. We use a variety of marketing programs across traditional and social channels to target our prospective and current customers, partners, and developers.
Our primary marketing activities include:
| Press and industry analyst relations to garner third-party validation and generate positive coverage for our company, offerings and value proposition; |
| User conferences and events, as well as participation in trade shows and industry events, to create customer and prospect awareness; |
| Social marketing and engagement on social channels like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube; |
| Search engine marketing and advertising to drive traffic to our Web properties; |
| Web site development to engage and educate prospects and generate interest through product information and demonstrations, free trials, case studies, white papers, and marketing collateral; |
| Multi-channel marketing campaigns; |
| Use of customer testimonials; and |
| Sales tools and field marketing events to enable our sales organization to more effectively convert leads into customers. |
Customer Service and Support
Our global customer support group responds to both business and technical inquiries about the use of our products via the web, telephone, email, social networks and other channels. We provide standard customer support during regular business hours at no charge to customers who purchase any of our paying subscription editions. We also offer premier customer support for an additional fee, which includes services such as priority access to technical resources, developer support, and/or system administration.
Seasonality
Our fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter for new business and renewals. For a more detailed discussion, see the Seasonal Nature of Deferred Revenue and Accounts Receivable discussion in Managements Discussion and Analysis.
Competition
The market for our offerings is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented, and subject to changing technology, frequent introductions of new products and services, and as we have seen recently, consolidation. Many prospective customers have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to implement and integrate traditional enterprise software into their businesses, and therefore may be reluctant or unwilling to migrate to an enterprise cloud computing application service. Additionally, third party developers may be reluctant to build application services on our platform since they have invested in other competing technology platforms.
We compete primarily with vendors of packaged business software and companies offering CRM apps. We also compete with internally developed apps and may encounter competition from enterprise software vendors and online service providers who may develop toolsets and products that allow customers to build new apps that run on the customers current infrastructure or as hosted services. Our current principal competitors include:
| enterprise software application vendors; |
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| cloud computing application service providers; |
| software companies that provide their product or service free of charge, and only charge a premium for advanced features and functionality; |
| traditional platform development environment companies; and |
| cloud computing development platform companies. |
We believe that as traditional enterprise software application and platform vendors shift more of their focus to cloud computing, they will become a greater competitive threat.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret and patent laws in the United States and other jurisdictions as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology and our brands and maintain programs to protect and grow our rights. We also enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties and control access to software, services, documentation and other proprietary information.
Employees
As of January 31, 2014, we had more than 13,300 employees. None of our employees in the United States is represented by a labor union, however, for certain foreign subsidiaries, workers councils represent our employees.
Available Information
You can obtain copies of our Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the SEC, and all amendments to these filings, free of charge from our Web site at http://www.salesforce.com/company/investor/sec-filings/ as soon as reasonably practicable following our filing of any of these reports with the SEC. You can also obtain copies free of charge by contacting our Investor Relations department at our office address listed above. The public may read and copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, the Companys references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Defects or disruptions in our service could diminish demand for our service and subject us to substantial liability.
Because our service is complex and incorporates a variety of hardware and proprietary and third-party software, our service may have errors or defects that could result in unanticipated downtime for our subscribers and harm to our reputation and our business. Internet-based services frequently contain undetected errors when
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first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We have from time to time found defects in our service and new errors in our service may be detected in the future. In addition, our customers may use our service in unanticipated ways that may cause a disruption in service for other customers attempting to access their data. As we acquire companies, we may encounter difficulty in incorporating the acquired technologies into our service and maintaining the quality standards that are consistent with our brand and reputation. Since our customers use our service for important aspects of their business, any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems could hurt our reputation and may damage our customers businesses. As a result, customers could elect to not renew, or delay or withhold payment to us, we could lose future sales or customers may make warranty or other claims against us, which could result in an increase in our provision for doubtful accounts, an increase in collection cycles for accounts receivable or the expense and risk of litigation.
Interruptions or delays in service from our third-party data center hosting facilities could impair the delivery of our service and harm our business.
We currently serve our customers from third-party data center hosting facilities located in the United States and other countries. Any damage to, or failure of, our systems generally could result in interruptions in our service. Interruptions in our service may reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely affect our attrition rates and our ability to attract new customers. Our business will also be harmed if our customers and potential customers believe our service is unreliable.
As part of our current disaster recovery arrangements, our production environment and all of our customers data is currently replicated in near real-time in a facility located in the United States. Companies and products added through acquisition may be temporarily served through alternate facilities. We do not control the operation of any of these facilities, and they are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They may also be subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. Despite precautions taken at these facilities, the occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our service. Even with the disaster recovery arrangements, our service could be interrupted.
As we continue to add data centers and add capacity in our existing data centers, we may move or transfer our data and our customers data. Despite precautions taken during this process, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair the delivery of our service.
If our security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to a customers data or our data or our IT systems, our service may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our service and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.
Our service involves the storage and transmission of customers proprietary information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation and possible liability. These security measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise and result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to our customers data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information, or our IT systems. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information in order to gain access to our customers data or our data or IT systems. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, our customers may authorize third-party technology providers to access their customer data. Because we do not control our customers and third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Malicious third-parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our services. Any security breach
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could result in a loss of confidence in the security of our service, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disrupt our business and lead to legal liability.
As we acquire companies or technologies, we may not realize the expected business benefits, the acquisitions could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results and the value of your investment.
As part of our business strategy, we periodically make investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, joint ventures, services and technologies and intellectual property rights, and we expect that we will continue to make such investments and acquisitions in the future. In July 2013, we acquired ExactTarget, our largest acquisition in the companys history. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks, including:
| the potential failure to achieve the expected benefits of the combination or acquisition; |
| difficulties in and the cost of integrating operations, technologies, services and personnel; |
| diversion of financial and managerial resources from existing operations; |
| risk of entering new markets in which we have little or no experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions; |
| potential write-offs of acquired assets or investments, and potential financial and credit risks associated with acquired customers; |
| potential loss of key employees; |
| inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs; |
| the inability to maintain relationships with customers and partners of the acquired business; |
| the difficulty of transitioning the acquired technology onto our existing platforms and maintaining the security standards consistent with our other services for such technology; |
| potential unknown liabilities associated with the acquired businesses; |
| unanticipated expenses related to acquired technology and its integration into existing technology; |
| negative impact to our results of operations because of the depreciation and amortization of amounts related to acquired intangible assets, fixed assets and deferred compensation, and the loss of acquired deferred revenue and unbilled deferred revenue; |
| delays in customer purchases due to uncertainty related to any acquisition; |
| the need to implement controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company; |
| challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences; |
| in the case of foreign acquisitions, the challenges associated with integrating operations across different cultures and languages and any currency and regulatory risks associated with specific countries; and |
| the tax effects of any such acquisitions. |
In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing equity or convertible or other debt securities or loans, our existing stockholders may be diluted, or we could face constraints related to the terms of and repayment obligation related to the incurrence of indebtedness which could affect the market price of our common stock. Further, if we fail to properly evaluate and execute acquisitions or investments, our business and prospects may be seriously harmed and the value of your investment may decline.
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Privacy concerns and laws, evolving regulation of cloud computing, cross-border data transfer restrictions and other domestic or foreign regulations may limit the use and adoption of our solutions and adversely affect our business.
Regulation related to the provision of services on the Internet is increasing, as federal, state and foreign governments continue to adopt new laws and regulations addressing data privacy and the collection, processing, storage and use of personal information. In some cases foreign data privacy laws and regulations, such as the European Unions Data Protection Directive, and the country-specific regulations that implement that directive, also govern the processing of personal information. Further, laws are increasingly aimed at the use of personal information for marketing purposes, such as the European Unions e-Privacy Directive, and the country-specific regulations that implement that directive. Such laws and regulations are subject to differing interpretations and may be inconsistent among jurisdictions. These and other requirements could reduce demand for our solutions or restrict our ability to store and process data or, in some cases, impact our ability to offer our services and solutions in certain locations.
In addition to government activity, privacy advocacy and other industry groups have established or may establish new self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. Our customers expect us to meet voluntary certification or other standards established by third parties, such as TRUSTe. If we are unable to maintain these certifications or meet these standards, it could adversely affect our ability to provide our solutions to certain customers and could harm our business.
The costs of compliance with and other burdens imposed by laws, regulations and standards may limit the use and adoption of our service and reduce overall demand for it, or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for any noncompliance.
Furthermore, concerns regarding data privacy may cause our customers customers to resist providing the data necessary to allow our customers to use our service effectively. Even the perception that the privacy of personal information is not satisfactorily protected or does not meet regulatory requirements could inhibit sales of our products or services, and could limit adoption of our cloud-based solutions.
Industry-specific regulation is evolving and unfavorable industry-specific laws, regulations or interpretive positions could harm our business.
Our customers and potential customers do business in a variety of industries, including financial services, the public sector, healthcare and telecommunications. Regulators in certain industries have adopted and may in the future adopt regulations or interpretive positions regarding the use of cloud computing and other outsourced services. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, industry-specific laws, regulations and interpretive positions may limit customers use and adoption of our services and reduce overall demand for our services. For example, some financial services regulators have imposed guidelines for use of cloud computing services that mandate specific controls or require financial services enterprises to obtain regulatory approval prior to outsourcing certain functions. If we are unable to comply with these guidelines or controls, or if our customers are unable to obtain regulatory approval to use our service where required, our business may be harmed. In addition, an inability to satisfy the standards of certain voluntary third-party certification bodies that our customers may expect, such as an attestation of compliance with the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards, may have an adverse impact on our business. If in the future we are unable to achieve or maintain these industry-specific certifications or other requirements or standards relevant to our customers, it may harm our business.
In some cases, industry-specific laws, regulations or interpretive positions may also apply directly to us as a service provider. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with such requirements could have an adverse impact on our business.
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If we experience significant fluctuations in our rate of anticipated growth and fail to balance our expenses with our revenue forecasts, our results could be harmed.
Due to the pace of change and innovation in enterprise cloud computing services and the unpredictability of future general economic and financial market conditions, we may not be able to accurately forecast our rate of growth. We plan our expense levels and investment on estimates of future revenue and future anticipated rate of growth. We may not be able to adjust our spending appropriately if the addition of new subscriptions or the renewals of existing subscriptions falls short of our expectations. A portion of our expenses may also be a fixed cost in nature for some minimum amount of time, such as with a data center contract or office lease, so it may not be possible to reduce costs in a timely manner or without the payment of fees to exit certain obligations early.
As a result, we expect that our revenues, operating results and cash flows may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. Our recent revenue growth rates may not be sustainable and may decline in the future. We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our revenues, operating results and cash flows may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
We rely on third-party computer hardware and software which could cause errors or failures of our service and may be difficult to replace.
We rely on computer hardware purchased or leased and software licensed from third parties in order to offer our service, including database software and hardware from a variety of vendors. Any errors or defects in third-party hardware or software could result in errors or a failure of our service which could harm our business. This hardware and software may not continue to be available at reasonable prices or on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of this hardware or software could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays in the provisioning of our service until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained through purchase or license and integrated into our service.
Our quarterly results can fluctuate and our stock price and the value of your investment could decline substantially.
Our quarterly results are likely to fluctuate. For example, our fiscal fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter for new business and renewals. The year-over-year compounding effect of this seasonality in billing patterns and overall new business and renewal activity causes the value of invoices that we generate in the fourth quarter to continually increase in proportion to our billings in the other three quarters of our fiscal year.
Additionally, some of the important factors that may cause our revenues, operating results and cash flows to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include:
| our ability to retain and increase sales to existing customers, attract new customers and satisfy our customers requirements; |
| the attrition rates for our service; |
| the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the operations and expansion of our business; |
| changes in deferred revenue and unbilled deferred revenue balances, which are not reflected in the balance sheet, due to seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing and new business linearity; |
| the number of new employees; |
| changes in our pricing policies and terms of contracts, whether initiated by us or as a result of competition; |
| the cost, timing and management effort for the introduction of new features to our service; |
| the costs associated with acquiring new businesses and technologies and the follow-on costs of integration and consolidating the results of acquired businesses; |
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| the rate of expansion and productivity of our sales force; |
| the length of the sales cycle for our service; |
| new product and service introductions by our competitors; |
| our success in selling our service to large enterprises; |
| variations in the revenue mix of editions of our service; |
| technical difficulties or interruptions in our service; |
| expenses related to our real estate, our office leases and our data center capacity and expansion; |
| changes in foreign currency exchange rates; |
| changes in interest rates and our mix of investments, which would impact our return on our investments in cash and marketable securities; |
| conditions, particularly sudden changes, in the financial markets have and may continue to impact the value of and access to our investment portfolio; |
| changes in the effective tax rates due to changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates, certain non-deductible expenses, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and our ability to utilize them, changes in federal, state or international tax laws including fundamental changes to tax laws applicable to corporate multinationals that may be considered by the United States and many countries in the European Union, changes in accounting principles, changes in judgment from the evaluation of new information that results in a recognition, derecognition or change in measurement of a tax position taken in a prior period, results of tax examinations by the Internal Revenue Service, state and foreign taxing authorities, as well as changes in excess tax benefits related to exercises and vesting of stock-based compensation; |
| changes to non-income taxes due to changes in federal, state or international tax laws; changes in taxing jurisdictions administrative interpretations, decisions, policies, and positions; results of tax examinations, settlements or judicial decisions; changes in accounting principles; changes to the business operations, including acquisitions, as well as the evaluation of new information that results in a change to a tax position taken in a prior period; |
| our ability to realize benefits from strategic partnerships; |
| expenses related to significant, unusual or discrete events which are recorded in the period in which the events occur; |
| general economic conditions that may adversely affect either our customers ability or willingness to purchase additional subscriptions or upgrade their service, or delay a prospective customers purchasing decision, or reduce the value of new subscription contracts, or affect attrition rates; |
| timing of additional investments in our enterprise cloud computing application and platform services and in our consulting service; |
| regulatory compliance costs; |
| the timing of customer payments and payment defaults by customers; |
| extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments; |
| the impact of new accounting pronouncements; |
| equity issuances, including as consideration in acquisitions or due to the conversion of our outstanding convertible notes at the election of the note holders; |
| the timing of stock awards to employees and the related adverse financial statement impact of having to expense those stock awards ratably over their vesting schedules; |
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| the timing of commission, bonus, and other compensation payments to employees; and |
| the timing of payroll and other withholding tax expenses which is triggered by the payment of bonuses and when employees exercise their vested stock awards. |
Many of these factors are outside of our control, and the occurrence of one or more of them might cause our operating results to vary widely. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our revenues, operating results, changes in our deferred revenue and unbilled deferred revenue balances and cash flows may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
Additionally, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts and investors, and the market price of our common stock could decline. If one or more of the securities analysts who cover us adversely change their recommendation regarding our stock, the market price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, our stock price may be based on expectations, estimates or forecasts of our future performance that may be unrealistic or that may not be met. Further, our stock price may fluctuate based on reporting by the financial media, including television, radio and press reports and blogs.
Our efforts to expand our service beyond the CRM market and to develop our existing service in order to keep pace with technological developments may not succeed and may reduce our revenue growth rate and/or harm our business.
We derive substantially all of our revenue from subscriptions to our CRM enterprise cloud computing application service, and we expect this will continue for the foreseeable future. The markets for our Salesforce1 ExactTarget Marketing Cloud and Salesforce1 Platform remain relatively new and it is uncertain whether our efforts will ever result in significant revenue for us. Further, the introduction of new services beyond the CRM market may not be successful, and early stage interest and adoption of such new services may not result in long term success or significant revenue for us. Our efforts to expand our service beyond the CRM market may not succeed and may reduce our revenue growth rate.
Additionally, if we are unable to develop enhancements to and new features for our existing service or new services that keep pace with rapid technological developments, our business will be harmed. The success of enhancements, new features and services depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the feature or edition. Failure in this regard may significantly impair our revenue growth. In addition, because our service is designed to operate on a variety of network hardware and software platforms using a standard browser, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our service to keep pace with changes in Internet-related hardware, software, communication, browser and database technologies. We may not be successful in either developing these modifications and enhancements or in bringing them to market timely. Furthermore, uncertainties about the timing and nature of new network platforms or technologies, or modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our research and development or service delivery expenses. Any failure of our service to operate effectively with future network platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our service, result in customer dissatisfaction and harm our business.
Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions for our service over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in new business may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.
We generally recognize revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscription agreements, which are typically 12 to 36 months. As a result, most of the revenue we report in each quarter is the result of subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not be reflected in our revenue results for that quarter. Any such decline, however, will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our service, and potential changes in our attrition rate may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.
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We cannot accurately predict subscription renewals or upgrade rates and the impact these rates may have on our future revenue and operating results.
Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our service after the expiration of their initial subscription period, which is typically 12 to 36 months, and in the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew. In addition, our customers may renew for fewer subscriptions, renew for shorter contract lengths, or renew for lower cost editions of our service. We cannot accurately predict attrition rates given our varied customer base of enterprise and small and medium size business customers and the number of multi-year subscription contracts. Our attrition rates may increase or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer dissatisfaction with our service, customers spending levels, decreases in the number of users at our customers, pricing changes and deteriorating general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our service or reduce the number of paying subscriptions at the time of renewal, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer.
Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional features and services, more subscriptions or enhanced editions of our service to our current customers. This may also require increasingly sophisticated and costly sales efforts that are targeted at senior management. Similarly, the rate at which our customers purchase new or enhanced services depends on a number of factors, including general economic conditions and that our customers do not react negatively to any price changes related to these additional features and services. If our efforts to upsell to our customers are not successful and negative reaction occurs, our business may suffer.
The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed.
The market for enterprise applications and platform services is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented, and subject to changing technology, shifting customer needs and frequent introductions of new products and services. We compete primarily with vendors of packaged CRM software and companies offering on-demand CRM applications. We also compete with internally developed applications and face competition from enterprise software vendors and online service providers who may develop toolsets and products that allow customers to build new applications that run on the customers current infrastructure or as hosted services. Our current competitors include:
| enterprise software application vendors; |
| cloud computing application service providers; |
| software companies that provide their product or service free of charge, and only charge a premium for advanced features and functionality; |
| traditional platform development environment companies; and |
| cloud computing development platform companies. |
Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories and larger marketing budgets, as well as substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors have established marketing relationships and access to larger customer bases, and have major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators and resellers.
As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. Furthermore, because of these advantages, even if our service is more effective than the products that our competitors offer, potential customers might accept competitive products and services in lieu of purchasing our service. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors.
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If the market for our technology delivery model and enterprise cloud computing services develops more slowly than we expect, our business could be harmed.
Our success also depends on the willingness of third-party developers to build applications that are complementary to our service. Without the development of these applications, both current and potential customers may not find our service sufficiently attractive. In addition, for those customers who authorize a third-party technology partner access to their data, we do not provide any warranty related to the functionality, security and integrity of the data transmission or processing. Despite contract provisions to protect us, customers may look to us to support and provide warranties for the third-party applications, which may expose us to potential claims, liabilities and obligations for applications we did not develop or sell.
Supporting our existing and growing customer base could strain our personnel resources and infrastructure, and if we are unable to scale our operations and increase productivity, we may not be able to successfully implement our business plan.
We continue to experience significant growth in our customer base, which has placed a strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. We anticipate that additional investments in our infrastructure, research and development, and real estate spending will be required to scale our operations and increase productivity, to address the needs of our customers, to further develop and enhance our service, to expand into new geographic areas, and to scale with our overall growth.
We regularly upgrade and/or replace our various software systems. If the implementations of these new applications are delayed, or if we encounter unforeseen problems with our new systems or in migrating away from our existing applications and systems, our operations and our ability to manage our business could be negatively impacted.
Our success will depend in part upon the ability of our senior management to manage our projected growth effectively. To do so, we must continue to increase the productivity of our existing employees and to hire, train and manage new employees as needed. To manage the expected domestic and international growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, our reporting systems and procedures, and our utilization of real estate. The additional investments we are making will increase our cost base, which will make it more difficult for us to offset any future revenue shortfalls by reducing expenses in the short term. If we fail to successfully scale our operations and increase productivity, we will be unable to execute our business plan.
As more of our sales efforts are targeted at larger enterprise customers, our sales cycle may become more time-consuming and expensive, we may encounter pricing pressure and implementation and customization challenges, and we may have to delay revenue recognition for some complex transactions, all of which could harm our business and operating results.
As we target more of our sales efforts at larger enterprise customers, we will face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales. In this market segment, the customers decision to use our service may be an enterprise-wide decision and, if so, these types of sales would require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our service, as well as education regarding privacy and data protection laws and regulations to prospective customers with international operations. In addition, larger customers may demand more customization, integration services and features. As a result of these factors, these sales opportunities may require us to devote greater sales support and professional services resources to individual customers, driving up costs and time required to complete sales and diverting our own sales and professional services resources to a smaller number of larger transactions, while potentially requiring us to delay revenue recognition on some of these transactions until the technical or implementation requirements have been met.
Professional services may also be performed by a third party or a combination of our own staff and a third party. Our strategy is to work with third parties to increase the breadth of capability and depth of capacity for
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delivery of these services to our customers. If a customer is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or a third party or with the type of services or solutions delivered, then we could incur additional costs to address the situation, the profitability of that work might be impaired, and the customers dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to obtain additional work from that customer. In addition, negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.
Periodic changes to our sales organization can be disruptive and may reduce our rate of growth.
We periodically change and make adjustments to our sales organization in response to market opportunities, competitive threats, management changes, product introductions or enhancements, acquisitions, sales performance, increases in sales headcount, cost levels and other internal and external considerations. In the past, these changes sometimes resulted in a temporary lack of focus and reduced productivity; these effects could recur in connection with any future sales changes we might undertake and our rate of revenue growth could be negatively affected. In addition, any significant change to the way we structure our compensation of our sales organization may be disruptive and may affect our revenue growth.
Sales to customers outside the United States expose us to risks inherent in international sales.
We sell our service throughout the world and are subject to risks and challenges associated with international business. Historically, sales in Europe and Asia Pacific together have represented approximately 30 percent of our total revenues, and we intend to continue to expand our international sales efforts. The risks and challenges associated with sales to customers outside the United States include:
| localization of our service, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses; |
| laws and business practices favoring local competitors; |
| compliance with multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy, anti-corruption, import/export, antitrust, data protection and industry-specific laws and regulations, including rules related to compliance by our third-party resellers; |
| pressure on the creditworthiness of sovereign nations, particularly in Europe, where we have customers and a balance of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Liquidity issues or political actions by sovereign nations could result in decreased values of these balances; |
| regional data privacy laws and other regulatory requirements that apply to outsourced service providers and to the transmission of our customers data across international borders; |
| treatment of revenue from international sources and changes to tax codes, including being subject to foreign tax laws and being liable for paying withholding income or other taxes in foreign jurisdictions; |
| foreign currency fluctuations and controls; |
| different pricing environments; |
| difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; |
| different or lesser protection of our intellectual property; |
| longer accounts receivable payment cycles and other collection difficulties; |
| natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism, pandemics or security breaches; and |
| regional economic and political conditions. |
Any of these factors could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
Additionally, our international subscription fees are paid either in U.S. dollars or local currency. As a result, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may make our service more expensive for international customers, which could harm our business.
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We have been and may in the future be sued by third parties for various claims including alleged infringement of proprietary rights.
We are involved in various legal matters arising from the normal course of business activities. These may include claims, suits, government investigations and other proceedings involving alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, and commercial, corporate and securities, labor and employment, wage and hour, and other matters.
The software and Internet industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, trademarks and copyrights and by frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have received in the past and may receive in the future communications from third parties, including practicing entities and non-practicing entities, claiming that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. For example, we received a notice from a large non-practicing entity alleging that we infringed upon certain of its patents. While no litigation was ever filed, in May 2013 we entered into a multi-year license agreement with the non-practicing entity that covered past period and future non-exclusive rights to its intellectual property.
In addition, we have been, and may in the future be, sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their claimed proprietary rights. Our technologies may be subject to injunction if they are found to infringe the rights of a third party or we may be required to pay damages, or both. Many of our subscription agreements require us to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property infringement claims, which would increase the cost to us of an adverse ruling on such a claim.
The outcome of any claims or litigation, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. Any claims and lawsuits, and the disposition of such claims and lawsuits, whether through settlement or licensing discussions, or litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive to resolve, divert management attention from executing our business plan, result in efforts to enjoin our activities, lead to attempts on the part of other parties to pursue similar claims and, in the case of intellectual property claims, require us to change our technology, change our business practices and/or pay monetary damages or enter into short- or long-term royalty or licensing agreements.
Any adverse determination related to intellectual property claims or other litigation could prevent us from offering our service to others, could be material to our financial condition or cash flows, or both, or could otherwise adversely affect our operating results. In addition, depending on the nature and timing of any such dispute, an unfavorable resolution of a legal matter could materially affect our future results of operations or cash flows or both.
In addition, our exposure to risks associated with various claims, including the use of intellectual property, may be increased as a result of acquisitions of other companies. For example, we may have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to intellectual property or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks with respect to the acquired company or technology. In addition, third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired technology that had not been asserted prior to our acquisition.
Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.
If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors may gain access to our technology, and our business may be harmed. In addition, defending our intellectual property rights may entail significant expense. Any of our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. While we have some U.S. patents and many U.S. and international patent applications pending, we may be unable to obtain patent protection for the technology covered in our patent applications. In addition, our existing patents and any patents issued in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages, or may be successfully challenged by third parties. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual
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property rights are uncertain. Effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available to us in every country in which our service is available. The laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the U.S., and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate and we also face proposals to change the scope of protection for some intellectual property rights in the U.S. Also, our involvement in standard setting activity or the need to obtain licenses from others may require us to license our intellectual property. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights and we may conclude that in at least some instances the benefits of protecting our intellectual property rights may be outweighed by the expense. We may initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights or to establish the validity of our proprietary rights. Any litigation, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel.
Our continued success depends on our ability to maintain and enhance our brands.
We believe that the brand identities we have developed have significantly contributed to the success of our business. Maintaining and enhancing the salesforce.com brand and our other brands are critical to expanding our base of customers, partners and employees. Our brands will depend largely on our ability to remain a technology leader and continue to provide high-quality innovative products, services, and features. In order to maintain and enhance our brands, we may be required to make substantial investments that may later prove to be unsuccessful. If we fail to maintain and enhance our brands, or if we incur excessive expenses in our efforts to do so, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
We may lose key members of our management team or development and operations personnel, and may be unable to attract and retain employees we need to support our operations and growth.
Our success depends substantially upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key members of management, particularly our Chief Executive Officer. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives. Such changes in our executive management team may be disruptive to our business. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing development and operations personnel because of the complexity of our service and technologies. We do not have employment agreements with any of our executive officers, key management, development or operations personnel and they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our key employees or groups could seriously harm our business.
In the technology industry, there is substantial and continuous competition for engineers with high levels of experience in designing, developing and managing software and Internet-related services, as well as competition for sales executives and operations personnel. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be severely harmed.
Any failure in our delivery of high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.
Our customers depend on our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our applications. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our applications and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell our enterprise cloud computing solutions to existing and prospective customers, and our business, operating results and financial position.
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We expect to incur net GAAP losses in the future.
We have incurred net losses in each fiscal quarter except one since July 31, 2011. In addition, we expect our costs to increase as a result of decisions made for our long-term benefit, such as equity awards and business combinations. If our revenue does not grow to offset these expected increased costs, we will not be able to return to profitability and we may continue to incur net losses, on a U.S. GAAP basis, in the future.
Our debt service obligations may adversely affect our financial condition and cash flows from operations.
We have a higher level of debt compared to historical periods, including our outstanding $575.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Senior Notes due January 15, 2015, $1.15 billion in aggregate principal amount of 0.25% Senior Notes due April 1, 2018, $300.0 million term loan maturing in July 2016 with Bank of America, N.A. and certain other lenders and capital lease arrangements in excess of $500.0 million. Our maintenance of this indebtedness could have important consequences because:
| it may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate or other purposes; |
| an increased portion of our cash flows from operations may have to be dedicated towards repaying the principal beginning in 2015 or earlier if necessary; |
| it may make us more vulnerable to downturns in our business, our industry or the economy in general; and |
| limitations within the term loan covenants may restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, make investments, make acquisitions, enter into transactions with affiliates, pay dividends or make distributions, repurchase stock and enter into restrictive agreements, as defined in the credit agreement. |
Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions and governmental regulations. Our operations may not generate sufficient cash to enable us to service our debt. If we fail to make a payment on our debt, we could be in default on such debt. If we are at any time unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to service our indebtedness when payment is due, we may be required to attempt to renegotiate the terms of the instruments relating to the indebtedness, seek to refinance all or a portion of the indebtedness or obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully renegotiate such terms, that any such refinancing would be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us.
A failure to comply with the covenants and other provisions of our outstanding debt could result in events of default under such instruments, which could permit acceleration of all of our notes and the term loan. Any required repayment of our notes and/or term loan as a result of a fundamental change or other acceleration would lower our current cash on hand such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business.
We may not realize any benefits in connection with our purchase of undeveloped land in San Francisco. If we do not realize any benefits, our financial performance may be negatively impacted.
In November 2010, we purchased approximately 14 acres of undeveloped real estate in San Francisco, California, including entitlements and improvements associated with the land. We may not realize any benefits with respect to the purchase of such real estate. During the first quarter of fiscal 2013, we suspended pre-construction activity on the land. If we commence efforts to develop the real estate, we will be required to devote substantial additional resources in the future, which may impact our liquidity and financial flexibility. In the event that we decide to sell this property, the sale price may be less than the recorded value of the land on our consolidated balance sheet, and our financial results may be negatively impacted.
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Weakened global economic conditions may adversely affect our industry, business and results of operations.
Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. The United States and other key international economies have experienced in the past a downturn in which economic activity was impacted by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy. The European Union continues to face great economic uncertainty which could impact the overall world economy or various other regional economies. These conditions affect the rate of information technology spending and could adversely affect our customers ability or willingness to purchase our enterprise cloud computing services, delay prospective customers purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts, or affect attrition rates, all of which could adversely affect our operating results.
Natural disasters and other events beyond our control could materially adversely affect us.
Natural disasters or other catastrophic events may cause damage or disruption to our operations, international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on us. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, pandemics and other events beyond our control. Although we maintain crisis management and disaster response plans, such events could make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver our services to our customers, and could decrease demand for our services. The majority of our research and development activities, corporate headquarters, information technology systems, and other critical business operations, are located near major seismic faults in the San Francisco Bay Area. Because we do not carry earthquake insurance for direct quake-related losses, and significant recovery time could be required to resume operations, our financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected in the event of a major earthquake or catastrophic event.
Risks Relating to Our Convertible Senior Notes and Our Common Stock
The market price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and could subject us to litigation.
The trading prices of the securities of technology companies have been highly volatile. Accordingly, the market price of our notes and underlying common stock has been and is likely to continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Factors affecting the market price of our notes and underlying common stock include:
| variations in our operating results, earnings per share, cash flows from operating activities, deferred revenue and other financial metrics and non-financial metrics, and how those results compare to analyst expectations; |
| forward looking guidance to industry and financial analysts related to future revenue and earnings per share; |
| changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock; |
| announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors; |
| announcements by us or by our competitors of mergers or other strategic acquisitions, or rumors of such transactions involving us or our competitors; |
| announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases; |
| recruitment or departure of key personnel; |
| disruptions in our service due to computer hardware, software, network or data center problems; |
| the economy as a whole, market conditions in our industry and the industries of our customers; |
| trading activity by a limited number of stockholders who together beneficially own a majority of our outstanding common stock; |
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| the issuance of shares of common stock by us, whether in connection with an acquisition, a capital raising transaction or upon conversion of some or all of our outstanding convertible senior notes; |
| issuance of debt or other convertible securities; and |
| any other factors discussed herein. |
In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences uneven investor confidence, the market price of our notes and underlying common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, operating results or financial condition. The market price of our notes and underlying common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies within, or outside, our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. Some companies that have experienced volatility in the trading price of their stock have been the subject of securities class action litigation. If we are the subject of such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of managements attention and resources.
We may issue additional shares of our common stock or instruments convertible into shares of our common stock, including in connection with the conversion of the notes, and thereby materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the trading price of the notes.
We are not restricted from issuing additional shares of our common stock or other instruments convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, shares of our common stock during the life of the notes. If we issue additional shares of our common stock or instruments convertible into shares of our common stock, it may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and, in turn, the trading price of the notes. In addition, the conversion of some or all of the notes may dilute the ownership interests of existing holders of our common stock, and any sales in the public market of any shares of our common stock issuable upon such conversion of the notes could adversely affect prevailing market price of our common stock. In addition, the anticipated conversion of the notes could depress the market price of our common stock.
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to pay the amount of cash due upon conversion of the notes or the fundamental change purchase price due when a holder submits its notes for purchase upon the occurrence of a fundamental change.
Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, holders may require us to purchase, for cash, all or a portion of their notes. In addition, if a holder converts its notes, we will generally pay such holder an amount of cash before delivering to such holder any shares of our common stock.
There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient financial resources, or will be able to arrange financing, to pay the fundamental change purchase price if holders submit their notes for purchase by us upon the occurrence of a fundamental change or to pay the amount of cash due if holders surrender their notes for conversion. In addition, agreements governing any future debt may restrict our ability to make each of the required cash payments even if we have sufficient funds to make them. Furthermore, our ability to purchase the notes or to pay cash upon the conversion of the notes may be limited by law or regulatory authority. In addition, if we fail to purchase the notes, to pay interest due on, or to pay the amount of cash due upon conversion, we will be in default under the indenture, which in turn may result in the acceleration of other indebtedness we may then have. If the repayment of the other indebtedness were to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds to repay that indebtedness and to purchase the notes or to pay the amount of cash due upon conversion. Our inability to pay for your notes that are tendered for purchase or upon conversion could result in your receiving substantially less than the principal amount of the notes.
The fundamental change provisions may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover attempt of us.
The fundamental change purchase rights, will allow holders to require us to purchase all or a portion of their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change. The provisions requiring an increase to the conversion rate for conversions in connection with a make-whole fundamental change may in certain circumstances delay or prevent a takeover of us and the removal of incumbent management that might otherwise be beneficial to investors.
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The convertible note hedges and warrant transactions may affect the trading price of the notes and the market price of our common stock.
We entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions with the hedge counterparties concurrently with the pricing of the notes. We also entered into privately negotiated warrant transactions with the hedge counterparties. Taken together, the convertible note hedge transactions and the warrant transactions are expected, but not guaranteed, to reduce the potential dilution with respect to our common stock upon conversion of the notes. If, however, the price of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions, exceeds the exercise price of the warrant transactions, the warrant transactions will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share to the extent that the price of our common stock as measured under the warrant transactions exceeds the strike price of the warrant transactions.
The hedge counterparties and their respective affiliates periodically modify their hedge positions from time to time following the pricing of the notes (and are particularly likely to do so during any observation period relating to a conversion of the notes) by entering into or unwinding various over-the-counter derivative transactions with respect to our common stock, and/or by purchasing or selling shares of our common stock or the notes in privately negotiated transactions and/or open market transactions. The effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock or the trading price of the notes will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities, however, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the trading price of the notes.
We do not make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any potential effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the notes or our common stock. In addition, we do not make any representation that the counterparties to those transactions will engage in these transactions or activities or that these transactions and activities, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice; the counterparties or their affiliates may choose to engage in, or discontinue engaging in, any of these transactions or activities with or without notice at any time, and their decisions will be in their sole discretion and not within our control.
We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions.
The hedge counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that these hedge counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the hedge counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If one or more of the hedge counterparties to one or more of our convertible note hedge transactions becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at the time under those transactions. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in our stock price and in the volatility of our stock. In addition, upon a default by one of the hedge counterparties, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and dilution with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of any of the hedge counterparties.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the market price of our common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the market price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions among other things:
| permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors; |
| provide that directors may only be removed for cause and only with the approval of 66 2/3 percent of our stockholders; |
| require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws; |
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| authorize the issuance of blank check preferred stock that our board could use to implement a stockholder rights plan (also known as a poison pill); |
| eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders; |
| prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; |
| provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and |
| establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings. |
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on merger, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15 percent or more of our common stock.
In addition, the fundamental change purchase rights applicable to the notes, which will allow note holders to require us to purchase all or a portion of their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, and the provisions requiring an increase to the conversion rate for conversions in connection with a make-whole fundamental change may in certain circumstances delay or prevent a takeover of us and the removal of incumbent management that might otherwise be beneficial to investors.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
As of January 31, 2014, our executive offices and principal offices for domestic marketing, sales, professional services and development consist of over 1.1 million square feet of leased space in the San Francisco Bay Area. We also lease space in various locations throughout the United States for local sales and professional services personnel. Our foreign subsidiaries lease office space for their operations including local sales and professional services personnel.
We also own approximately 14 acres of undeveloped real estate in San Francisco, California, including entitlements and improvements associated with the land. We continue to evaluate our future needs for office facilities space and its options for the undeveloped real estate, which may include selling a portion of or all the real estate holdings, or suspending pre-construction activity for several more years.
We believe that our existing facilities and offices are adequate to meet our current requirements. See Note 10, Commitments, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our lease commitments. If we require additional space, we believe that we will be able to obtain such space on acceptable, commercially reasonable terms.
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings and claims related to alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, commercial, corporate and securities, labor and employment, wage and hour, and other claims. We have been, and may in the future be, put on notice and/or sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights, including patent infringement.
We evaluate all claims and lawsuits with respect to their potential merits, our potential defenses and counterclaims, settlement or litigation potential and the expected effect on us. Our technologies may be subject to injunction if they are found to infringe the rights of a third party. In addition, many of our subscription agreements require us to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property infringement claims, which could increase the cost to us of an adverse ruling on such a claim.
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The outcome of any claims or litigation, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. Any claims and other lawsuits, and the disposition of such claims and lawsuits, whether through settlement or litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive to resolve, divert our attention from executing our business plan, result in efforts to enjoin our activities, lead to attempts by third parties to seek similar claims and, in the case of intellectual property claims, require us to change our technology, change our business practices and/or pay monetary damages or enter into short- or long-term royalty or licensing agreements.
In general, the resolution of a legal matter could prevent us from offering our service to others, could be material to our financial condition or cash flows, or both, or could otherwise adversely affect our operating results.
We make a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. In our opinion, resolution of all current matters is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, depending on the nature and timing of any such dispute, an unfavorable resolution of a matter could materially affect our future results of operations or cash flows, or both, of a particular quarter.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4A. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following sets forth certain information regarding our current executive officers (in alphabetical order):
Name |
Age | Position | ||||
Marc Benioff |
49 | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Keith Block |
52 | President and Vice Chairman | ||||
Parker Harris |
47 | Co-Founder | ||||
George Hu |
39 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
Maria Martinez |
56 | President, Sales and Customer Success | ||||
Burke Norton |
47 | Chief Legal Officer | ||||
Graham Smith |
54 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Frank van Veenendaal |
54 | Vice Chairman |
Marc Benioff co-founded salesforce.com in February 1999 and has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors since inception. He has served as Chief Executive Officer since November 2001. From 1986 to 1999, Mr. Benioff was employed at Oracle Corporation, where he held a number of positions in sales, marketing and product development, lastly as a Senior Vice President. Mr. Benioff also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the salesforce.com/foundation and serves as a member of the Board of Directors at Cisco Systems, Inc. Mr. Benioff received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B. S. B. A.) from the University of Southern California, where he is also on the Board of Trustees.
Keith Block has served as our President and Vice Chairman since June 2013. He was also appointed as a Director by the Board of Directors in June 2013. From September 2002 to June 2012, Mr. Block served as Executive Vice President, North America of Oracle Corporation. From 1986 to 2002, Mr. Block held various other positions with Oracle Corporation. From 1984 to 1986, Mr. Block served as Senior Consultant of Booz, Allen, Hamilton to Air Force executives for the U.S. Space Command. Mr. Block serves on the Board of Trustees at the Concord Museum, the Board of Visitors at Carnegie-Mellon University Heinz Graduate School, and the Presidents Advisory Council for Carnegie-Mellon University. Mr. Block received a B.S. in Information Systems and a M.S. in Management & Policy Analysis from Carnegie-Mellon University.
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Parker Harris, Co-Founder, has served in senior technical positions since co-founding the company in 1999. From December 2004 to February 2013, Mr. Harris served as our Executive Vice President, Technology. From October 1996 to February 1999, Mr. Harris was a Vice President at Left Coast Software, a Java consulting firm he co-founded. Mr. Harris received a B.A. from Middlebury College.
George Hu has served as our Chief Operating Officer since November 2011. Previously, Mr. Hu served as our Executive Vice President, Platform and Marketing from August 2010 to November 2011, our Executive Vice President, Marketing and Alliances from February 2009 to August 2010, our Executive Vice President, Marketing, Applications and Education from December 2007 to February 2009, our Chief Marketing Officer from October 2006 through December 2007, our Senior Vice President and General Manager, Applications from January to October 2006 and our Vice President, Product Marketing from October 2004 to January 2006. Mr. Hu has also served in various management positions in marketing since joining salesforce.com in March 2002. Mr. Hu received an A.B. from Harvard College and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.
Maria Martinez has served as our President, Sales and Customer Success since February 2013. Prior to that Ms. Martinez served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Growth Officer from February 2012 to February 2013 and our Executive Vice President, Customers for Life from February 2010 to February 2012. Prior to salesforce.com, Ms. Martinez was at Microsoft Corporation and served as its Corporate Vice President of Worldwide Services. In addition to Microsoft, she was president and CEO of Embrace Networks, and also held senior leadership roles at Motorola, Inc. and AT&T Inc. / Bell Laboratories. Ms. Martinez received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Puerto Rico and an M.S. in Computer Engineering from the Ohio State University.
Burke Norton has served as our Chief Legal Officer since October 2011. From October 2006 to October 2011, Mr. Norton was Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary and a member of the office of the chairman at Expedia, Inc. Previously, Mr. Norton was a partner at the law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati P.C., where he practiced corporate and securities law, representing clients in the enterprise software, telecommunications, semiconductor, life sciences, entertainment and ecommerce industries. Mr. Norton holds a J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law.
Graham Smith has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 2008. Prior to that, Mr. Smith served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Designate from December 2007 to March 2008. Prior to salesforce.com, Mr. Smith was at Advent Software, Inc., a provider of portfolio management software, and served as its Chief Financial Officer from January 2003 to December 2007. In addition to Advent Software, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Vitria Technology and Nuance Communications, and also served at Oracle Corporation in various senior finance roles, lastly as Vice President of Finance for worldwide operations. Mr. Smith also serves as a member of the Board of Directors at Splunk Inc. Mr. Smith holds a B.Sc. from Bristol University in England and qualified as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
Frank van Veenendaal has served as our Executive Vice Chairman since June 2013. Prior to that Mr. van Veenendaal served as our Vice Chairman from February 2012 to June 2013. Prior to this position, he was our President, Worldwide Sales and Services from October 2009 to February 2012, our Chief Sales Officer and President, Worldwide Sales from September 2008 to October 2009, our President, Global Corporate Sales and North American Operations from December 2007 to September 2008 and our President, Worldwide Corporate Sales and Services from February 2007 to December 2007. Since joining us in 2001, Mr. van Veenendaal has also served in various sales management positions, including Senior Vice President, North America Sales. From 1995 to 2001, Mr. van Veenendaal was Senior Vice President of Sales of Actuate Corporation, a software company. Mr. van Veenendaal received a B.S. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
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ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Market Information for Common Stock
Our common stock has been quoted on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CRM.
The following table sets forth for the indicated periods the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.
High | Low | |||||||
Fiscal year ending January 31, 2014 |
||||||||
First quarter (1) |
$ | 46.99 | $ | 39.75 | ||||
Second quarter |
$ | 47.58 | $ | 36.09 | ||||
Third quarter |
$ | 56.24 | $ | 42.11 | ||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 61.49 | $ | 50.12 | ||||
Fiscal year ending January 31, 2013 As Adjusted (1) |
||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 41.19 | $ | 28.91 | ||||
Second quarter |
$ | 40.88 | $ | 30.72 | ||||
Third quarter |
$ | 40.48 | $ | 30.05 | ||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 44.73 | $ | 34.76 |
(1) | On March 20, 2013, our certificate of incorporation was amended to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 400.0 million to 1.6 billion in order to provide for a four-for-one stock split of the common stock effected in the form of a stock dividend. The record date for the stock split was April 3, 2013, and the additional shares were distributed on April 17, 2013. Each stockholder of record on the close of business on the record date received three additional shares of common stock for each share held. All per share data presented above reflects the impact of the stock split. |
Dividend Policy
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. Our board of directors currently intends to retain any future earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business and does not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board.
Stockholders
As of January 31, 2014 there were 160 registered stockholders of record of our common stock, including The Depository Trust Company, which holds shares of salesforce.com common stock on behalf of an indeterminate number of beneficial owners.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The information concerning our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference herein to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled Equity Compensation Plan Information.
Issued Convertible Senior Notes and Warrants
In January 2010, we issued at par value $575.0 million of 0.75% convertible senior notes (the 0.75% Senior Notes) due January 15, 2015 and we issued 26.9 million warrants to purchase our common stock. In March 2013, we issued at par value $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes (the 0.25% Senior Notes) due April 1, 2018 and we issued 17.3 million warrants to purchase our common stock. See Note 5 Convertible Senior Notes and Term Loan in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
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Stock Performance Graph
The following shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any of our other filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poors 500 Index and the Nasdaq Computer & Data Processing Index for each of the last five fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, assuming an initial investment of $100. Data for the Standard & Poors 500 Index and the Nasdaq Computer & Data Processing Index assume reinvestment of dividends.
The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common stock.
1/31/2009 | 1/31/2010 | 1/31/2011 | 1/31/2012 | 1/31/2013 | 1/31/2014 | |||||||||||||||||||
salesforce.com |
100.00 | 238.95 | 485.41 | 439.10 | 647.07 | 910.23 | ||||||||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index |
100.00 | 130.03 | 155.73 | 158.91 | 181.40 | 215.84 | ||||||||||||||||||
Nasdaq Computer & Data Processing Index |
100.00 | 163.34 | 215.92 | 229.16 | 239.65 | 306.94 |
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2014 and 2013 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements and are included in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for fiscal 2011 and 2010 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this Form 10-K.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 3,824,542 | $ | 2,868,808 | $ | 2,126,234 | $ | 1,551,145 | $ | 1,209,472 | ||||||||||
Professional services and other |
246,461 | 181,387 | 140,305 | 105,994 | 96,111 | |||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total revenues |
4,071,003 | 3,050,195 | 2,266,539 | 1,657,139 | 1,305,583 | |||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (1)(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
711,880 | 494,187 | 360,758 | 208,243 | 159,172 | |||||||||||||||
Professional services and other |
256,548 | 189,392 | 128,128 | 115,570 | 98,753 | |||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total cost of revenues |
968,428 | 683,579 | 488,886 | 323,813 | 257,925 | |||||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Gross profit |
3,102,575 | 2,366,616 | 1,777,653 | 1,333,326 | 1,047,658 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses (1)(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
623,798 | 429,479 | 295,347 | 187,887 | 131,897 | |||||||||||||||
Marketing and sales |
2,168,132 | 1,614,026 | 1,169,610 | 792,029 | 605,199 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
596,719 | 433,821 | 347,781 | 255,913 | 195,290 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
3,388,649 | 2,477,326 | 1,812,738 | 1,235,829 | 932,386 | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(286,074 | ) | (110,710 | ) | (35,085 | ) | 97,497 | 115,272 | ||||||||||||
Investment income |
10,218 | 19,562 | 23,268 | 37,735 | 30,408 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(77,211 | ) | (30,948 | ) | (17,045 | ) | (24,909 | ) | (2,000 | ) | ||||||||||
Other expense |
(4,868 | ) | (5,698 | ) | (4,455 | ) | (6,025 | ) | (1,299 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income (loss) before benefit from (provision for) income taxes and noncontrolling interest |
(357,935 | ) | (127,794 | ) | (33,317 | ) | 104,298 | 142,381 | ||||||||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
125,760 | (142,651 | ) | 21,745 | (34,601 | ) | (57,689 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Consolidated net income (loss) |
(232,175 | ) | (270,445 | ) | (11,572 | ) | 69,697 | 84,692 | ||||||||||||
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |
0 | 0 | 0 | (5,223 | ) | (3,973 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to salesforce.com |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | $ | 64,474 | $ | 80,719 | |||||||
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net earnings per share-basic and diluted (3): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to salesforce.com common shareholders |
$ | (0.39 | ) | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | |||||||
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to salesforce.com common shareholders |
$ | (0.39 | ) | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.16 | |||||||
Shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per share |
597,613 | 564,896 | 541,208 | 520,888 | 497,848 | |||||||||||||||
Shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share |
597,613 | 564,896 | 541,208 | 546,392 | 512,456 |
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(1) Amounts include amortization of purchased intangibles from business combinations, as follows: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 109,356 | $ | 77,249 | $ | 60,069 | $ | 15,459 | $ | 8,010 | ||||||||||
Marketing and sales |
37,179 | 10,922 | 7,250 | 4,209 | 3,241 | |||||||||||||||
(2) Amounts include stock-based expenses, as follows: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 45,608 | $ | 33,757 | $ | 17,451 | $ | 12,158 | $ | 12,570 | ||||||||||
Research and development |
107,420 | 76,333 | 45,894 | 18,897 | 13,129 | |||||||||||||||
Marketing and sales |
258,571 | 199,284 | 115,730 | 56,451 | 39,722 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
91,681 | 69,976 | 50,183 | 32,923 | 23,471 |
(3) | Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the four-for-one stock split through a stock dividend which occurred in April 2013. |
As of January 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 1,321,017 | $ | 1,758,285 | $ | 1,447,174 | $ | 1,407,557 | $ | 1,727,048 | ||||||||||
(Negative) working capital |
(1,299,936 | ) | (901,744 | ) | (627,809 | ) | (201,542 | ) | 798,029 | |||||||||||
Total assets |
9,152,930 | 5,528,956 | 4,164,154 | 3,091,165 | 2,460,201 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term obligations excluding deferred revenue and noncontrolling interest (4) |
2,059,117 | 175,732 | 109,349 | 516,506 | 481,234 | |||||||||||||||
Retained earnings (deficit) |
(343,157 | ) | (110,982 | ) | 159,463 | 171,035 | 106,561 | |||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity controlling interest |
3,038,510 | 2,317,633 | 1,587,360 | 1,276,491 | 1,043,802 |
(4) | Long-term obligations excluding deferred revenue and noncontrolling interest includes the 0.75% convertible senior notes issued in January 2010, the 0.25% convertible senior notes issued in March 2013, and the term loan entered into in July 2013. At January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the 0.75% notes were convertible and accordingly were classified as a current liability. |
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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, our expectations and statements regarding our outlook and future revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, plans, strategies and objectives of management and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements and factors that might cause future actual results to differ materially from our recent results or those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled Forward-Looking Information and Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements or our risk factors for any reason.
Overview
We are a leading provider of enterprise cloud computing solutions. We were founded on the concept of delivering customer relationship management, or CRM, applications via the Internet, or cloud. We introduced our first CRM solution in February 2000 and we have expanded our offerings with new editions, solutions and enhanced features, through internal development and acquisitions. We sell to businesses of all sizes and in almost every industry worldwide on a subscription basis.
Our mission is to help our customers transform themselves into customer companies by empowering them to connect with their customers, partners, employees and products in entirely new ways. Our objective is to deliver solutions to help companies transform the way they sell, service, market and innovate. With our four core servicesSales Cloud, Service Cloud, Marketing Cloud and the Salesforce1 Platformcustomers have the tools they need to build a next generation social front office with our social and mobile cloud technologies. Key elements of our strategy include:
| strengthening our market-leading solutions; |
| extending distribution into high-growth markets; |
| expanding relationships with our existing customer base; |
| pursuing new customers; |
| reducing our attrition rates; |
| building our business in top markets globally, which includes building partnerships that help us add customers; and |
| encouraging the development of third-party applications on our cloud computing platforms. |
We believe the factors that will influence our ability to achieve our objectives include: our prospective customers willingness to migrate to enterprise cloud computing services; the availability, performance and security of our service; our ability to continue to release, and gain customer acceptance of, new and improved features; our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies; successful customer adoption and utilization of our service; acceptance of our service in markets where we have few customers; the emergence of additional competitors in our market and improved product offerings by existing and new competitors; the location of new data centers; third-party developers willingness to develop applications on our platforms; our ability to attract new personnel and retain and motivate current personnel; and general economic conditions which could affect our customers ability and willingness to purchase our services, delay the customers purchasing decision or affect attrition rates.
To address these factors, we will need to, among other things, continue to add substantial numbers of paying subscriptions, upgrade our customers to fully featured versions such as our Unlimited Edition or arrangements such as a Social Enterprise License Agreement, provide high quality technical support to our customers, encourage the development of third-party applications on our platforms and continue to focus on retaining
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customers at the time of renewal. Our plans to invest for future growth include the continuation of the expansion of our data center capacity, the hiring of additional personnel, particularly in direct sales, other customer-related areas and research and development, the expansion of domestic and international selling and marketing activities, continuing to develop our brands, the addition of distribution channels, the upgrade of our service offerings, the development of new services, the integration of acquired technologies, the expansion of our Salesforce1 ExactTarget Marketing Cloud and Salesforce1 Platform service offerings and the additions to our global infrastructure to support our growth.
We also regularly evaluate acquisitions or investment opportunities in complementary businesses, joint ventures, services and technologies and intellectual property rights in an effort to expand our service offerings. We expect to continue to make such investments and acquisitions in the future and we plan to reinvest a significant portion of our incremental revenue in future periods to grow our business and continue our leadership role in the cloud computing industry. As a result of our aggressive growth plans, specifically our hiring plan and acquisition activities, we have incurred significant expenses from equity awards and amortization of purchased intangibles which have resulted in net losses on a GAAP basis. As we continue with our growth plan, we may continue to have net losses on a GAAP basis.
Our typical subscription contract term is 12 to 36 months, although terms range from one to 60 months, so during any fiscal reporting period only a subset of active subscription contracts are available for renewal. We calculate our attrition rates as of the end of each reporting period. We do not calculate the attrition rate for ExactTarget, Inc. (ExactTarget). Our attrition rate was in the high-single digit percentage range as of January 31, 2014, declining from the low-double digit percentage range attrition rate as of January 31, 2013. We expect our attrition rates to continue to decline slowly over time, as we continue to expand our enterprise business and invest in customer success and other related programs.
The majority of our subscription and support revenues are derived from subscriptions to our Sales Cloud.
We expect marketing and sales costs, which were 53 percent of our total revenues for fiscal 2014 and 53 percent for the same period a year ago, to continue to represent a substantial portion of total revenues in the future as we seek to add and manage more paying customers, and build greater brand awareness.
On March 18, 2013, we issued at par value $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due April 1, 2018. In connection with the issuance of the debt, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions that cover the number of shares of our common stock that are underlying the notes. The note hedge transactions are designed, but not guaranteed, to reduce or eliminate the potential economic dilution arising upon conversion.
On March 20, 2013, we amended and restated our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 400.0 million to 1.6 billion in order to provide for a four-for-one stock split of the common stock effected in the form of a stock dividend. The record date for the stock split was April 3, 2013, and the additional shares were distributed on April 17, 2013. Each stockholder of record on the close of business on the record date received three additional shares of common stock for each share held. All share and per share data presented herein reflect the impact of the increase in authorized shares and the stock split, as appropriate.
In June 2013, we entered into a large capital lease agreement for software for a period of nine years, which consists of the contractual term of six years and a renewal option of three years.
On July 11, 2013, we entered into a credit agreement which provides for a $300.0 million term loan due on July 11, 2016. All amounts borrowed under the term loan were used to pay a portion of the total purchase price for ExactTarget.
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On July 12, 2013, we acquired for cash the outstanding stock of ExactTarget, a leading global provider of cross-channel, digital marketing solutions. We acquired ExactTarget for the assembled workforce, expected synergies and to create a world-class marketing platform across the channels of email, social, mobile and the web. The financial results of ExactTarget are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The total purchase price for ExactTarget was approximately $2.6 billion.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2014, for example, refer to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2014.
Sources of Revenues
We derive our revenues from two sources: (1) subscription revenues, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing our enterprise cloud computing services and from customers purchasing additional support beyond the standard support that is included in the basic subscription fees; and (2) related professional services such as process mapping, project management, implementation services and other revenue. Other revenue consists primarily of training fees. Subscription and support revenues accounted for approximately 94 percent of our total revenues for fiscal 2014. Subscription revenues are driven primarily by the number of paying subscribers, varying service types, the price of our service and renewals. We define a customer as a separate and distinct buying entity (e.g., a company, a distinct business unit of a large corporation, a partnership, etc.) that has entered into a contract to access our enterprise cloud computing services. We define a subscription as a unique user account purchased by a customer for use by its employees or other customer-authorized users, and we refer to each such user as a subscriber. The number of paying subscriptions at each of our customers ranges from one to hundreds of thousands. None of our customers accounted for more than five percent of our revenues during fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012.
Subscription and support revenues are recognized ratably over the contract terms beginning on the commencement dates of each contract. The typical subscription and support term is 12 to 36 months, although terms range from one to 60 months. Our subscription and support contracts are non-cancelable, though customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause if we materially fail to perform. We generally invoice our customers in advance, in annual or quarterly installments, and typical payment terms provide that our customers pay us within 30 days of invoice. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue, or in revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. In general, we collect our billings in advance of the subscription service period.
Professional services and other revenues consist of fees associated with consulting and implementation services and training. Our consulting and implementation engagements are typically billed on a time and materials basis. We also offer a number of training classes on implementing, using and administering our service that are billed on a per person, per class basis. Our typical professional services payment terms provide that our customers pay us within 30 days of invoice.
In determining whether professional services can be accounted for separately from subscription and support revenues, we consider a number of factors, which are described in Critical Accounting EstimatesRevenue Recognition below.
Seasonal Nature of Deferred Revenue and Accounts Receivable
Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings to customers for our subscription service. Over 90 percent of the value of our billings to customers is for our subscription and support service. We generally invoice our customers in either annual or quarterly cycles. Occasionally, we bill customers for their multi-year contract on a single invoice which results in an increase in noncurrent deferred revenue. We typically issue renewal invoices in
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advance of the renewal service period, and depending on timing, the initial invoice for the subscription and services contract and the subsequent renewal invoice may occur in different quarters. This may result in an increase in deferred revenue and accounts receivable. There is a disproportionate weighting towards annual billings in the fourth quarter, primarily as a result of large enterprise account buying patterns. Our fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter for new business and renewals. Year on year compounding effect of this seasonality in both billing patterns and overall new and renewal business causes the value of invoices that we generate in the fourth quarter for both new business and renewals to increase as a proportion of our total annual billings. Approximately 74 percent of all subscription and support invoices were issued with annual terms during fiscal 2014.
Accordingly, the sequential quarterly changes in accounts receivable and the related deferred revenue during the first three quarters of our fiscal year are not necessarily indicative of the billing activity that occurs in the fourth quarter as displayed below:
(in thousands) | April 30, 2013 |
July 31, 2013 |
October 31, 2013 |
January 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||
Fiscal 2014 |
||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 502,609 | $ | 599,543 | $ | 604,045 | $ | 1,360,837 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent |
1,733,160 | 1,789,648 | 1,734,619 | 2,522,115 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | April 30, 2012 |
July 31, 2012 |
October 31, 2012 |
January 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||
Fiscal 2013 |
||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 371,395 | $ | 446,917 | $ | 418,590 | $ | 872,634 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent |
1,334,716 | 1,337,184 | 1,291,703 | 1,862,995 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | April 30, 2011 |
July 31, 2011 |
October 31, 2011 |
January 31, 2012 |
||||||||||||
Fiscal 2012 |
||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 270,816 | $ | 342,397 | $ | 312,331 | $ | 683,745 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent |
915,133 | 935,266 | 917,821 | 1,380,295 |
Unbilled Deferred Revenue
The deferred revenue balance on our consolidated balance sheet does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year, non-cancelable subscription agreements. Unbilled deferred revenue represents future billings under our subscription agreements that have not been invoiced and, accordingly, are not recorded in deferred revenue. Unbilled deferred revenue was approximately $4.5 billion as of January 31, 2014 and approximately $3.5 billion as of January 31, 2013. Also as a result, our typical contract length has grown and is now between 12 and 36 months. We expect that the amount of unbilled deferred revenue will change from quarter to quarter for several reasons, including the specific timing and duration of large customer subscription agreements, varying billing cycles of subscription agreements, the specific timing of customer renewals, foreign currency fluctuations, the timing of when unbilled deferred revenue is to be recognized as revenue, and changes in customer financial circumstances. For multi-year subscription agreements billed annually, the associated unbilled deferred revenue is typically high at the beginning of the contract period, zero just prior to renewal, and increases if the agreement is renewed. Low unbilled deferred revenue attributable to a particular subscription agreement is often associated with an impending renewal and may not be an indicator of the likelihood of renewal or future revenue from such customer. Accordingly, we expect that the amount of aggregate unbilled deferred revenue will change from year-to-year depending in part upon the number and dollar amount of subscription agreements at particular stages in their renewal cycle. Such fluctuations are not a reliable indicator of future revenues. Unbilled deferred revenue does not include minimum revenue commitments from indirect sales channels, as we recognize revenue, deferred revenue, and any unbilled deferred revenue upon sell-through to an end user customer.
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Cost of Revenues and Operating Expenses
Cost of Revenues. Cost of subscription and support revenues primarily consists of expenses related to hosting our service and providing support, the costs of data center capacity, depreciation or operating lease expense associated with computer equipment and software, allocated overhead and amortization expense associated with capitalized software related to our services and acquired developed technologies. We allocate overhead such as information technology infrastructure, rent and occupancy charges based on headcount. Employee benefit costs and taxes are allocated based upon a percentage of total compensation expense. As such, general overhead expenses are reflected in each cost of revenue and operating expense category. Cost of professional services and other revenues consists primarily of employee-related costs associated with these services, including stock-based expenses, the cost of subcontractors and allocated overhead. The cost of providing professional services is significantly higher as a percentage of the related revenue than for our enterprise cloud computing subscription service due to the direct labor costs and costs of subcontractors.
We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our enterprise cloud computing services. For example, we have invested in additional database software and we plan to open additional data centers and expand our current data centers in the future. Additionally, as we acquire new businesses and technologies, the amortization expense associated with this activity will be included in cost of revenues. The timing of these additional expenses will affect our cost of revenues, both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenues, in the affected periods.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, including stock-based expenses, the costs of our development and test data center and allocated overhead. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and services, integrating acquired technologies, increasing the functionality and security and enhancing the ease of use of our enterprise cloud computing services. Our proprietary, scalable and secure multi-tenant architecture enables us to provide all of our customers with a service based on a single version of our application. As a result, we do not have to maintain multiple versions, which enables us to have relatively lower research and development expenses as compared to traditional enterprise software companies.
We expect that in the future, research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars and may increase as a percentage of total revenues as we invest in building the necessary employee and system infrastructure required to support the development of new, and improve existing, technologies and the integration of acquired businesses and technologies.
Marketing and Sales. Marketing and sales expenses are our largest cost and consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, including stock-based expenses, for our sales and marketing staff, including commissions, payments to partners, marketing programs and allocated overhead. Marketing programs consist of advertising, events, corporate communications, brand building and product marketing activities.
We plan to continue to invest in marketing and sales by expanding our domestic and international selling and marketing activities, building brand awareness, attracting new customers and sponsoring additional marketing events. The timing of these marketing events, such as our annual and largest event, Dreamforce, will affect our marketing costs in a particular quarter. We expect that in the future, marketing and sales expenses will increase in absolute dollars and continue to be our largest cost.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and related expenses, including stock-based expenses, for finance and accounting, legal, internal audit, human resources and management information systems personnel, legal costs, professional fees, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. We expect that in the future, general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we invest in our infrastructure and we incur additional employee related costs, professional fees and insurance costs related to the growth of our business and international expansion. We expect general and administrative costs as a percentage of total revenues to either remain flat or decrease for the next several quarters.
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Stock-Based Expenses. Our cost of revenues and operating expenses include stock-based expenses related to equity plans for employees and non-employee directors. We recognize our stock-based compensation as an expense in the statement of operations based on their fair values and vesting periods. These charges have been significant in the past and we expect that they will increase as our stock price increases, as we acquire more companies, as we hire more employees and seek to retain existing employees.
During fiscal 2014, we recognized stock-based expense of $503.3 million. As of January 31, 2014, the aggregate stock compensation remaining to be amortized to costs and expenses over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years was $1.4 billion. We expect this stock compensation balance to be amortized as follows: $596.3 million during fiscal 2015; $425.9 million during fiscal 2016; $251.0 million during fiscal 2017 and $100.2 million during fiscal 2018. The expected amortization reflects only outstanding stock awards as of January 31, 2014 and assumes no forfeiture activity. We expect to continue to issue stock-based awards to our employees in future periods.
Amortization of Purchased Intangibles from Business Combinations. Our cost of revenues and operating expenses include amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, such as the amortization of the cost associated with an acquired companys research and development efforts, trade names, customer lists and customer relationships. We expect this expense to increase as we acquire more companies.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 1 Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Revenue Recognition. We derive our revenues from two sources: (1) subscription revenues, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing our enterprise cloud computing services and from customers purchasing additional support beyond the standard support that is included in the basic subscription fee; and (2) related professional services such as process mapping, project management, implementation services and other revenue. Other revenue consists primarily of training fees.
We commence revenue recognition when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
| there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; |
| the service has been or is being provided to the customer; |
| the collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and |
| the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable. |
Our subscription service arrangements are non-cancelable and do not contain refund-type provisions.
Subscription and Support Revenues
Subscription and support revenues are recognized ratably over the contract terms beginning on the commencement date of each contract, which is the date our service is made available to customers. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met.
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Professional Services and Other Revenues
The majority of our professional services contracts are on a time and material basis. When these services are not combined with subscription revenues as a single unit of accounting, as discussed below, these revenues are recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts, and when the milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer for fixed price contracts. Training revenues are recognized after the services are performed.
Multiple-Deliverable Arrangements
We enter into arrangements with multiple-deliverables that generally include multiple subscriptions, premium support, and professional services. If the deliverables have standalone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately. Subscription services have standalone value as such services are often sold separately. In determining whether professional services have standalone value, we consider the following factors for each professional services agreement: availability of the services from other vendors, the nature of the professional services, the timing of when the professional services contract was signed in comparison to the subscription service start date, and the contractual dependence of the subscription service on the customers satisfaction with the professional services work. To date, we have concluded that all of the professional services included in multiple-deliverable arrangements executed have standalone value.
Multiple-deliverables included in an arrangement are separated into different units of accounting and the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units based on a relative selling price hierarchy. We determine the relative selling price for a deliverable based on its vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE), if available, or our best estimate of selling price (BESP), if VSOE is not available. We have determined that third-party evidence (TPE) is not a practical alternative due to differences in our service offerings compared to other parties and the availability of relevant third-party pricing information. The amount of revenue allocated to delivered items is limited by contingent revenue, if any.
For certain professional services, we have established VSOE as a consistent number of standalone sales of this deliverable have been priced within a reasonably narrow range. We have not established VSOE for our subscription services due to lack of pricing consistency, the introduction of new services and other factors. Accordingly, we use our BESP to determine the relative selling price.
We determined BESP by considering our overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include our discounting practices, the size and volume of our transactions, the customer demographic, the geographic area where our services are sold, our price lists, our go-to-market strategy, historical standalone sales and contract prices. The determination of BESP is made through consultation with and approval by management, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy. As our go-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes in relative selling prices, including both VSOE and BESP.
Deferred Revenue. The deferred revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year, non-cancelable subscription agreements. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription service described above and is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. We generally invoice customers in annual or quarterly installments. Deferred revenue is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing and new business linearity within the quarter.
Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent.
Deferred Commissions. We defer commission payments to our direct sales force. The commissions are deferred and amortized to sales expense over the non-cancelable terms of the related subscription contracts with
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our customers, which are typically 12 to 36 months. The commission payments, which are paid in full the month after the customers service commences, are a direct and incremental cost of the revenue arrangements. The deferred commission amounts are recoverable through the future revenue streams under the non-cancelable customer contracts. We believe this is the preferable method of accounting as the commission charges are so closely related to the revenue from the non-cancelable customer contracts that they should be recorded as an asset and charged to expense over the same period that the subscription revenue is recognized.
During fiscal 2014, we deferred $265.1 million of commission expenditures and we amortized $194.6 million to sales expense. During the same period a year ago, we deferred $232.6 million of commission expenditures and we amortized $154.8 million to sales expense. Deferred commissions on our consolidated balance sheets totaled $324.9 million at January 31, 2014 and $254.4 million at January 31, 2013.
Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets. We make estimates, assumptions, and judgments when valuing goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with the initial purchase price allocation of an acquired entity, as well as when evaluating the recoverability of our goodwill and other intangible assets on an ongoing basis. These estimates are based upon a number of factors, including historical experience, market conditions, and information obtained from the management of acquired companies. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, historical and projected customer retention rates, anticipated growth in revenue from the acquired customers and acquired technology, and the expected use of the acquired assets. These factors are also considered in determining the useful life of acquired intangible assets. The amounts and useful lives assigned to identified intangible assets impacts the amount and timing of future amortization expense.
The value of our goodwill and intangible assets could be impacted by future adverse changes such as, but not limited to: a substantial decline in our market capitalization; an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; and unanticipated competition.
We evaluate and test the recoverability of our goodwill for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter or more often if and when circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable. Each period we evaluate the estimated remaining useful life of our intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. We evaluate long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and purchased intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Such events or changes in circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the fair value of the underlying asset, a significant decrease in the benefits realized from the acquired assets, difficulty and delays in integrating the business or a significant change in the operations of the acquired assets or use of an asset. A long-lived asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If a long-lived asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.
Business Combinations. Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and pre-acquisition contingencies. We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.
Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets and goodwill we have acquired include but are not limited to:
| future expected cash flows from subscription and support contracts, professional services contracts, other customer contracts and acquired developed technologies and patents; |
| the acquired companys trade name, trademark and existing customer relationship, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired trade name and trademark will continue to be used in our offerings; |
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| uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed; and |
| discount rates. |
Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.
Stock-Based Options and Awards. We recognize the fair value of our stock options and awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the option or award which is the vesting term of generally four years for stock options and restricted stock awards and one year for shares issued pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The fair value of each option or ESPP share or stock purchase right is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The estimated forfeiture rate applied is based on historical forfeiture rates. We evaluate the forfeiture rates at least annually, or when events or circumstances indicate a change may be needed. This may cause a fluctuation in our stock-based compensation in the period of change. Inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model include:
| The estimated life for the stock options which is estimated based on an actual analysis of expected life. The estimated life for shares issued pursuant to our ESPP is based on the two purchase periods within the 12 month offering period; |
| The risk free interest rate which is based on the rate for a U.S. government security with the same estimated life at the time of the option grant and the stock purchase rights; |
| The future stock price volatility which is estimated considering both our observed option-implied volatilities and our historical volatility calculations. We believe this is the best estimate of the expected volatility over the expected life of our stock options and stock purchase rights; and |
| The probability of performance conditions that effect the vesting of certain awards being achieved. Expense is only recognized for those shares expected to vest. |
Income Taxes. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. At each of the interim financial reporting periods, we compute our tax provision by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate to year to date ordinary income and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the same period. The estimated annual effective tax rate at each interim period represents the best estimate based on evaluations of possible future transactions and may be subject to subsequent refinement or revision.
Our tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. We recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority, based on the technical merits. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit which is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. We recognize interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in our income tax provision.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gain) within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the tax law. We regularly review the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. Our judgment regarding future profitability may change due to many
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factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute the business plans and/or tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, our tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.
Our tax provision could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates, certain non-deductible expenses, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and our ability to utilize them, changes in tax laws including fundamental changes to tax laws applicable to corporate multinationals that may be considered by the United States and many countries in the European Union, changes in accounting principles, adverse results of tax examinations as well as changes in excess tax benefits related to exercises and vesting of stock-based compensation that are allocated directly to stockholders equity.
Strategic Investments. We report our investments in non-marketable equity and debt securities, which consist of minority equity and debt investments in privately-held companies, at cost or fair value when an event or circumstance indicates an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred. Management evaluates financial results, earnings trends, technology milestones and subsequent financing of these companies, as well as the general market conditions to identify indicators of other-than-temporary impairment.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected data for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 3,824,542 | $ | 2,868,808 | $ | 2,126,234 | ||||||
Professional services and other |
246,461 | 181,387 | 140,305 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenues |
4,071,003 | 3,050,195 | 2,266,539 | |||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
711,880 | 494,187 | 360,758 | |||||||||
Professional services and other |
256,548 | 189,392 | 128,128 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Total cost of revenues |
968,428 | 683,579 | 488,886 | |||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
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Gross profit |
3,102,575 | 2,366,616 | 1,777,653 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
623,798 | 429,479 | 295,347 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
2,168,132 | 1,614,026 | 1,169,610 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
596,719 | 433,821 | 347,781 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
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Total operating expenses |
3,388,649 | 2,477,326 | 1,812,738 | |||||||||
Loss from operations |
(286,074 | ) | (110,710 | ) | (35,085 | ) | ||||||
Investment income |
10,218 | 19,562 | 23,268 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(77,211 | ) | (30,948 | ) | (17,045 | ) | ||||||
Other expense |
(4,868 | ) | (5,698 | ) | (4,455 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
(357,935 | ) | (127,794 | ) | (33,317 | ) | ||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
125,760 | (142,651 | ) | 21,745 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net loss |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
Cost of revenues and marketing and sales expenses include the following amounts related to amortization of purchased intangibles from business combinations (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 109,356 | $ | 77,249 | $ | 60,069 | ||||||
Marketing and sales |
37,179 | 10,922 | 7,250 |
Cost of revenues and operating expenses include the following amounts related to stock-based awards (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 45,608 | $ | 33,757 | $ | 17,451 | ||||||
Research and development |
107,420 | 76,333 | 45,894 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
258,571 | 199,284 | 115,730 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
91,681 | 69,976 | 50,183 |
Revenues by geography were as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Americas |
$ | 2,899,837 | $ | 2,123,736 | $ | 1,540,289 | ||||||
Europe |
741,220 | 525,304 | 408,456 | |||||||||
Asia Pacific |
429,946 | 401,155 | 317,794 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ | 4,071,003 | $ | 3,050,195 | $ | 2,266,539 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 96 percent, 94 percent and 93 percent for fiscal 2014, fiscal 2013 and 2012, respectively.
43
The following tables set forth selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated as a percentage of total revenues:
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
94 | % | 94 | % | 94 | % | ||||||
Professional services and other |
6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenues |
100 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
18 | 16 | 16 | |||||||||
Professional services and other |
6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total cost of revenues |
24 | 22 | 22 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Gross profit |
76 | 78 | 78 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Research and development |
15 | 14 | 13 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
53 | 53 | 52 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
15 | 15 | 15 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total operating expenses |
83 | 82 | 80 | |||||||||
Loss from operations |
(7 | ) | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||
Investment income |
0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(2 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||
Other expense |
0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
(9 | ) | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
3 | (5 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net loss |
(6 | )% | (9 | )% | (1 | )% | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangibles: |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
3 | % | 3 | % | 3 | % | ||||||
Marketing and sales |
1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Stock-based awards: |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||
Research and development |
3 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
6 | 7 | 5 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Revenues by geography: |
||||||||||||
Americas |
71 | % | 70 | % | 68 | % | ||||||
Europe |
18 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||
Asia Pacific |
11 | 13 | 14 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
44
Revenue constant currency growth rates (as compared to the comparable prior periods) |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2013 |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2012 |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2012 compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2011 |
|||||||||
Americas |
37 | % | 38 | % | 36 | % | ||||||
Europe |
36 | % | 38 | % | 33 | % | ||||||
Asia Pacific |
19 | % | 27 | % | 30 | % | ||||||
Total growth |
34 | % | 37 | % | 35 | % |
We present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying business performed excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations. To present this information, current and comparative prior period results for entities reporting in currencies other than United States dollars are converted into United States dollars at the weighted average exchange rate for the quarter being compared to for growth rate calculations presented, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during that period.
As of January 31, | ||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 1,321,017 | $ | 1,758,285 | ||||
Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent |
2,522,115 | 1,862,995 | ||||||
Principal due on convertible senior notes and term loan |
2,003,864 | 574,890 |
Unbilled deferred revenue was approximately $4.5 billion as of January 31, 2014 and $3.5 billion as of January 31, 2013. Unbilled deferred revenue represents future billings under our non-cancelable subscription agreements that have not been invoiced and, accordingly, are not recorded in deferred revenue.
Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2014 and 2013
Revenues.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 3,824,542 | $ | 2,868,808 | $ | 955,734 | 33 | % | ||||||||
Professional services and other |
246,461 | 181,387 | 65,074 | 36 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 4,071,003 | $ | 3,050,195 | $ | 1,020,808 | 33 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues were $4.1 billion for fiscal 2014, compared to $3.1 billion during the same period a year ago, an increase of $1.0 billion, or 33 percent. Subscription and support revenues were $3.8 billion, or 94 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $2.9 billion, or 94 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $955.7 million, or 33 percent. The increase in subscription and support revenues was due almost entirely to volume-driven increases from new customers, upgrades and additional subscriptions from existing customers and a decline in attrition rates as compared to a year ago. We have continued to invest in a variety of customer programs and initiatives, which, along with longer contract durations and increasing enterprise adoption, have helped reduce our attrition rates. The net price per user per month for our three primary offerings, Professional Edition, Enterprise Edition and Unlimited Edition, varies from period to period, but has remained within a consistent range over the past eight quarters. The net price per user per month has not been a significant driver of revenue growth for the periods presented. Professional services and other revenues were $246.5 million, or six percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $181.4 million, or six percent of total revenues, for the same period a year ago, an increase of $65.1 million, or 36 percent. The increase in professional services and other revenues was due primarily to the higher demand for services from an increased number of customers.
45
Revenues in Europe and Asia Pacific accounted for $1,171.2 million, or 29 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $926.5 million, or 30 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $244.7 million, or 26 percent. The increase in revenues outside of the Americas was the result of the increasing acceptance of our service, our focus on marketing our service internationally and reduced attrition rates. However, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies caused a decrease in U.S. dollar revenues outside of the Americas for fiscal 2014 as compared to the same period a year ago. The foreign currency impact had the effect of decreasing our aggregate revenues by $24.4 million compared to the same period a year ago.
Cost of Revenues.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 711,880 | $ | 494,187 | $ | 217,693 | ||||||
Professional services and other |
256,548 | 189,392 | 67,156 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total cost of revenues |
$ | 968,428 | $ | 683,579 | $ | 284,849 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Percent of total revenues |
24 | % | 22 | % |
Cost of revenues was $968.4 million, or 24 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $683.6 million, or 22 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $284.8 million. The increase in absolute dollars was primarily due to an increase of $102.8 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $48.9 million in service delivery costs, primarily due to our efforts in increasing data center capacity, an increase of $80.4 million in depreciation and amortization expenses, $32.1 million of which related to the amortization of acquired developed technology, an increase of $16.1 million in subcontractor and professional services expense, an increase of $23.1 million in allocated overhead and an increase of $11.9 million in stock-based expenses. We have increased our customer support and professional services headcount by 58 percent since January 31, 2013 to meet the higher demand for services from our customers, of which the majority was due to the acquisition of ExactTarget. In June 2013, we entered into a large capital lease agreement for software for a period of nine years, which consists of the contractual term of six years and a renewal option of three years. A portion of the depreciation expense on this asset was allocated to cost of revenues which is included in the amount above. We expect the costs associated with this software agreement to increase in future fiscal years. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our enterprise cloud computing services and data center capacity. Additionally, the amortization of purchased intangible assets will increase as we acquire additional businesses and technologies. We also plan to add additional employees in our professional services group to facilitate the adoption of our services. The timing of these expenses will affect our cost of revenues, both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenues in future periods.
Research and Development.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | 623,798 | $ | 429,479 | $ | 194,319 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
15 | % | 14 | % |
Research and development expenses were $623.8 million, or 15 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $429.5 million, or 14 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $194.3 million. The increase in absolute dollars was due to an increase of $114.9 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $31.1 million in stock-based expenses, an increase of $16.0 million in depreciation and amortization expenses, an increase of $17.2 million in allocated overhead and an increase of $14.8 million in test data lab costs. We increased our research and development headcount by 31 percent since January 31, 2013 in
46
order to improve and extend our service offerings and develop new technologies. The majority of the increase in headcount was due to the acquisition of ExactTarget. In June 2013, we entered into a large capital lease agreement for software for a period of nine years, which consists of the contractual term of six years and a renewal option of three years. A portion of the depreciation expense on this asset was allocated to research and development which is included in the amount above. We expect the costs associated with this software agreement to increase in future fiscal years. We expect that research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars and may increase as a percentage of revenues in future periods as we continue to invest in additional employees and technology to support the development of new, and improve existing, technologies and the integration of acquired technologies.
Marketing and Sales.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Marketing and sales |
$ | 2,168,132 | $ | 1,614,026 | $ | 554,106 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
53 | % | 53 | % |
Marketing and sales expenses were $2.2 billion, or 53 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $1.6 billion, or 53 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $554.1 million. The increase in absolute dollars was primarily due to an increase of $357.1 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $59.3 million in stock-based expenses, an increase of $57.2 million in advertising, marketing and event costs and an increase of $49.8 million in allocated overhead. Our marketing and sales headcount increased by 33 percent since January 31, 2013. The increase in headcount was primarily attributable to the hiring of additional sales personnel to focus on adding new customers and increasing penetration within our existing customer base, while a portion of the increase was due to the acquisition of ExactTarget.
General and Administrative.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
$ | 596,719 | $ | 433,821 | $ | 162,898 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
15 | % | 15 | % |
General and administrative expenses were $596.7 million, or 15 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2014, compared to $433.8 million, or 15 percent of total revenues, during the same period a year ago, an increase of $162.9 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $70.6 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $21.7 million in stock-based expenses, an increase of $48.3 million in professional and outside services, which included transaction fees associated with the ExactTarget acquisition, and an increase in depreciation and amortization expense. Our general and administrative headcount increased by 28 percent since January 31, 2013 as we added personnel to support our growth. The majority of the increase in headcount was due to the acquisition of ExactTarget.
Loss from operations.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Loss from operations |
$ | (286,074 | ) | $ | (110,710 | ) | $ | (175,364 | ) | |||
Percent of total revenues |
(7 | )% | (4 | )% |
Loss from operations for fiscal 2014, was $286.1 million and included $503.3 million of stock-based expenses and $146.5 million of amortization of purchased intangibles. During the same period a year ago, operating loss was $110.7 million and included $379.4 million of stock-based expenses and $88.2 million of amortization of purchased intangibles.
47
Investment income.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Investment income |
$ | 10,218 | $ | 19,562 | $ | (9,344 | ) | |||||
Percent of total revenues |
0 | % | 1 | % |
Investment income consists of income on cash and marketable securities balances. Investment income was $10.2 million for fiscal 2014, and was $19.6 million during the same period a year ago. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in marketable securities balances.
Interest expense.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
$ | (77,211 | ) | $ | (30,948 | ) | $ | (46,263 | ) | |||
Percent of total revenues |
(2 | )% | (1 | )% |
Interest expense consists of interest on our convertible senior notes, term loan and capital leases. Interest expense, net of interest costs capitalized, was $77.2 million for fiscal 2014 and was $30.9 million during the same period a year ago. The increase was primarily due to interest expense associated with the March 2013 issuance of $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes, the $300.0 million term loan that was entered into in connection with the acquisition of ExactTarget and the large capital lease agreement for software which we entered into in June 2013.
Benefit from (provision for) Income Taxes.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
$ | 125,760 | $ | (142,651 | ) | $ | 268,411 | |||||
Effective tax rate |
35 | % | (112 | )% |
We reported a tax benefit of $125.8 million with a pretax loss of $357.9 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 35 percent for fiscal 2014. Due to the ExactTarget acquisition, a deferred tax liability was established for the book-tax basis difference related to purchased intangibles. The net deferred tax liability from acquisitions provided an additional source of income to support the realizability of our pre-existing deferred tax assets and as a result, we released a portion of the valuation allowance that was established in the previous year and recorded a tax benefit of $143.1 million for fiscal 2014.
We recorded a tax provision of $142.7 million on a pretax loss of $127.8 million, which resulted in a negative effective tax rate of 112 percent for fiscal 2013. Our effective tax rate substantially differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent primarily due to the tax charge of $186.8 million to establish a valuation allowance for a significant portion of our deferred tax assets.
We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of the realization of the deferred tax assets to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. In our evaluation, we considered our cumulative loss in recent years and our forecasted future losses as significant pieces of negative evidence. During fiscal 2013, we determined that the negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence and a
48
valuation allowance for a significant portion of our deferred tax assets was established that resulted in a tax expense of $186.8 million. We will continue to assess the realizability of the deferred tax assets in each of the applicable jurisdictions going forward and adjust the valuation allowance accordingly. Due to the valuation allowance, the effective tax rate could be volatile and is therefore difficult to forecast in future periods. See Note 8 Income Taxes to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for our reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory federal rate to the provision for income taxes.
Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2013 and 2012
Revenues.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 2,868,808 | $ | 2,126,234 | $ | 742,574 | 35 | % | ||||||||
Professional services and other |
181,387 | 140,305 | 41,082 | 29 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 3,050,195 | $ | 2,266,539 | $ | 783,656 | 35 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues were $3.1 billion for fiscal 2013, compared to $2.3 billion during fiscal 2012, an increase of $783.7 million, or 35 percent. Subscription and support revenues were $2.9 billion, or 94 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2013, compared to $2.1 billion, or 94 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012. The increase in subscription and support revenues was due primarily to new customers, upgrades and additional subscriptions from existing customers and improved renewal rates as compared to a year ago. During fiscal 2013, we continued to invest in a variety of customer programs and initiatives which, along with longer contract durations and increasing enterprise adoption, have helped improve our renewal rates. The price per user per month for our three primary offerings, Professional Edition, Enterprise Edition and Unlimited Edition, in fiscal 2013 has generally remained consistent relative to prior periods. Professional services and other revenues were $181.4 million, or six percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2013, compared to $140.3 million, or six percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2012. The increase in professional services and other revenues was due primarily to the higher demand for services from an increased number of customers.
Revenues in Europe and Asia Pacific accounted for $926.5 million, or 30 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2013, compared to $726.3 million, or 32 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012, an increase of $200.2 million, or 28 percent. The increase in revenues outside of the Americas was the result of the increasing acceptance of our service, our focus on marketing our services internationally and improved renewal rates as a result of the reasons stated above. Revenues outside of the Americas increased despite an overall strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to major international currencies, which reduced aggregate international revenues by $43.9 million compared to fiscal 2012.
Cost of Revenues.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 494,187 | $ | 360,758 | $ | 133,429 | ||||||
Professional services and other |
189,392 | 128,128 | 61,264 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total cost of revenues |
$ | 683,579 | $ | 488,886 | $ | 194,693 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Percent of total revenues |
22 | % | 22 | % |
Cost of revenues was $683.6 million, or 22 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2013, compared to $488.9 million, or 22 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012, an increase of $194.7 million. The increase
49
in absolute dollars was primarily due to an increase of $77.5 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $16.3 million in stock-based expenses, an increase of $36.2 million in service delivery costs, primarily due to our efforts to increase data center capacity, an increase of $37.5 million in depreciation and amortization expenses, $17.2 million of which related to the amortization of purchased intangible assets and an increase of $14.6 million in allocated overhead. We increased customer support and professional services headcount by 32 percent since January 31, 2012 to meet the higher demand for services from our customers. Some of the increase in headcount was due to acquired businesses.
Research and Development.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | 429,479 | $ | 295,347 | $ | 134,132 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
14 | % | 13 | % |
Research and development expenses were $429.5 million, or 14 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2013, compared to $295.3 million, or 13 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012, an increase of $134.1 million. The increase in absolute dollars was primarily due to an increase of $92.6 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $30.4 million in stock-based expenses and an increase of $8.8 million in our development and test data center. We increased our research and development headcount by 36 percent since January 31, 2012 in order to improve and extend our service offerings and develop new technologies. Some of the increase in headcount was due to acquired businesses.
Marketing and Sales.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Marketing and sales |
$ | 1,614,026 | $ | 1,169,610 | $ | 444,416 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
53 | % | 52 | % |
Marketing and sales expenses were $1.6 billion, or 53 percent of total revenues, for fiscal 2013, compared to $1.2 billion, or 52 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012, an increase of $444.4 million. The increase in absolute dollars was primarily due to increases of $305.9 million in employee-related costs, including amortization of deferred commissions, $83.6 million in stock-based expenses, $29.3 million in advertising, marketing and event costs and $23.7 million in allocated overhead. Our marketing and sales headcount increased by 25 percent since January 31, 2012 as we hired additional sales personnel to focus on adding new customers and increasing penetration within our existing customer base. Some of the increase in headcount was due to acquired businesses.
General and Administrative.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
$ | 433,821 | $ | 347,781 | $ | 86,040 | ||||||
Percent of total revenues |
15 | % | 15 | % |
General and administrative expenses were $433.8 million, or 15 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2013, compared to $347.8 million, or 15 percent of total revenues, during fiscal 2012, an increase of $86.0 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $56.2 million in employee-related costs and an increase of $19.8 million in stock-based expenses. Our general and administrative headcount increased by 15 percent since January 31, 2012 as we added personnel to support our growth.
50
Loss from operations.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Loss from operations |
$ | (110,710 | ) | $ | (35,085 | ) | $ | (75,625 | ) | |||
Percent of total revenues |
(4 | )% | (2 | )% |
Loss from operations during fiscal 2013 was $110.7 million and included $379.4 million of stock-based expenses and $88.2 million of amortization of purchased intangibles. During fiscal 2012, loss from operations was $35.1 million and included $229.3 million of stock-based expenses and $67.3 million of amortization of purchased intangibles.
Investment income.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Investment income |
$ | 19,562 | $ | 23,268 | $ | (3,706 | ) | |||||
Percent of total revenues |
1 | % | 1 | % |
Investment income consists of income on our cash and marketable securities balances. Investment income was $19.6 million during fiscal 2013 and was $23.3 million during fiscal 2012. The decrease was primarily due to lower yields and interest rates on our portfolio compared to fiscal 2012.
Interest expense.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
$ | (30,948 | ) | $ | (17,045 | ) | $ | (13,903 | ) | |||
Percent of total revenues |
(1 | )% | (1 | )% |
Interest expense consists of interest on our convertible senior notes and capital leases. Interest expense, net of interest costs capitalized, was $30.9 million during fiscal 2013 and was $17.0 million during fiscal 2012. During fiscal 2013, we capitalized $2.4 million of interest costs related to capital projects. Capitalized interest during fiscal 2012 was $14.6 million. During the first quarter of fiscal 2013, we suspended pre-construction activity, which includes capitalized interest costs, on the undeveloped real estate in San Francisco, California resulting in an increase in interest expense as compared to fiscal 2012.
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes.
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, |
Variance Dollars |
|||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
$ | (142,651 | ) | $ | 21,745 | $ | (164,396 | ) | ||||
Effective tax rate |
(112 | )% | 65 | % |
We recorded a tax provision of $142.7 million during fiscal 2013, which resulted in a negative effective tax rate of 112 percent. The effective tax rate substantially differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent primarily due to the tax charge of $186.8 million to establish a valuation allowance for a significant portion of our deferred tax assets.
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We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of the realization of the deferred tax assets to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. In our evaluation, we considered our cumulative loss in recent years and our forecasted future losses as significant pieces of negative evidence. During fiscal 2013, we determined that the negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence and a valuation allowance for a significant portion of our deferred tax assets was established that resulted in a tax expense of $186.8 million.
We recorded a tax benefit of $21.7 million during fiscal 2012, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 65 percent. The effective tax rate was higher than the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent primarily due to federal and California tax credits and the impact of the Radian6 acquisition. The combined effect of these tax benefits was partially offset by foreign tax expense and non-deductible amounts. The effect on the tax rate was magnified because of the relatively small pre-tax loss.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At January 31, 2014, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $1.3 billion and accounts receivable of $1.4 billion.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $875.5 million during fiscal 2014 and $736.9 million during the same period a year ago. Cash provided by operating activities has historically been affected by: the amount of net loss adjusted for non-cash expense items such as depreciation and amortization, amortization of purchased intangibles from business combinations, amortization of debt discount, and the expense associated with stock-based awards; the reclassification of excess tax benefits from employee stock plans to cash flows from financing activities; the timing of employee related costs including commissions and bonus payments; the timing of collections from our customers, which is our largest source of operating cash flows; and changes in working capital accounts.
Our working capital accounts consist of accounts receivables and prepaid assets and other current assets. Claims against working capital include accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and our convertible notes. Our working capital may be impacted by factors in future periods, certain amounts and timing of which are seasonal, such as billings to customers for subscriptions and support services and the subsequent collection of those billings.
As described above in Seasonal Nature of Deferred Revenue and Accounts Receivable, our fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter for new business and renewals. The year on year compounding effect of this seasonality in both billing patterns and overall business causes the value of invoices that we generate in the fourth quarter to increase as a proportion of our total annual billings.
We generally invoice our customers for our subscription and services contracts in advance in annual or quarterly installments. We typically issue renewal invoices in advance of the renewal service period, and depending on timing, the initial invoice for the subscription and services contract and the subsequent renewal invoice may occur in different quarters. Such invoice amounts are initially reflected in accounts receivable and deferred revenue, which is reflected on the balance sheet. The operating cash flow benefit of increased billing activity generally occurs in the subsequent quarter when we collect from our customers.
Net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2014 increased $138.6 million over the same period a year ago primarily due to higher net income after adjusting for depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation. During fiscal 2014, $8.1 million of excess tax benefits from employee stock plans was reclassified to cash flows from financing activities, as compared to $14.9 million during the same period a year ago. The increase in net cash in fiscal 2014 was partially offset by certain unfavorable changes in working capital accounts, primarily an increase in accounts receivables and a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses
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and other liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities was also impacted by approximately $30.0 million of payments made for the transaction fees incurred by ExactTarget and us related to the acquisition.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2.4 billion during fiscal 2014 and $938.9 million during the same period a year ago. The net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2014 primarily related to the acquisition of EdgeSpring, Inc. (EdgeSpring) in June 2013, the acquisition of ExactTarget in July 2013, capital expenditures, including new office build-outs and a new intellectual property licensing agreement, investment of cash balances and strategic investments offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.6 billion during fiscal 2014 and $334.5 million during the same period a year ago. Net cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2014 consisted primarily of $1.1 billion of proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, $84.8 million from proceeds from the issuance of warrants, $298.5 million of proceeds from the term loan, net of loan fees, and $289.9 million from proceeds from employee-related equity plans offset by $153.8 million for the purchase of hedges on the convertible note, $41.1 million of principal payments on capital leases and $15.0 million of principal payments on the term loan.
In July 2013, we entered into a credit agreement (the Credit Agreement) with Bank of America, N.A. and certain other lenders, which provides for a $300.0 million term loan (the Term Loan) that matures on July 11, 2016 (the Maturity Date). The Term Loan bears interest at our option under either a LIBOR-based formula or a base rate formula, each as set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a consolidated leverage ratio covenant, a consolidated interest coverage ratio covenant, a limit on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, issue preferred stock or pay dividends, and certain other restrictions on our activities as defined in the Credit Agreement. We were in compliance with the Credit Agreements covenants as of January 31, 2014.
The weighted average interest rate on the Term Loan was 2.0% for fiscal 2014. As of January 31 2014, the amount outstanding under the Term Loan was $285.0 million. Accrued interest on the Term Loan was $0.5 million as of January 31, 2014. During fiscal 2014, payments totaling $15.0 million were made on the Term Loan and subsequent payments of $7.5 million are due quarterly thereafter until the maturity date in July 2016 when the remaining outstanding principal amount is due.
In January 2010, we issued $575.0 million of 0.75% convertible senior notes due January 15, 2015 (the 0.75% Senior Notes) and concurrently entered into convertible notes hedges (the 0.75% Note Hedges) and separate warrant transactions (the 0.75% Warrants). The 0.75% Senior Notes will mature on January 15, 2015, unless earlier converted. Upon conversion of any 0.75% Senior Notes, we will deliver cash up to the principal amount of the 0.75% Senior Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value greater than the principal amount of the 0.75% Senior Notes, shares of our common stock, cash, or a combination of both.
For the 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended October 31, 2013, our common stock traded at a price exceeding 130% of the conversion price of $21.34 per share applicable to the 0.75% Senior Notes. Accordingly, the 0.75% Senior Notes were convertible at the holders option for the quarter ending January 31, 2014. For the 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended January 31, 2014, our common stock traded at a price exceeding 130% of the conversion price of $21.34 per share applicable to the 0.75% Senior Notes. Accordingly, the 0.75% Senior Notes are convertible at the holders option for the quarter ending April 30, 2014. As the 0.75% Senior Notes are due on January 15, 2015, they are classified as a current liability on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2014.
During the quarter ending April 30, 2014, we will repay in cash an aggregate principal balance of at least $280.0 million related to conversion requests of our 0.75% Senior Notes received through the date of the filing of
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this Form 10-K. The excess of the conversion value that is greater than the principal amount will be delivered in shares of our common stock for the majority of the conversion requests received to date. If our stock price continues to exceed the conversion price of our 0.75% Senior Notes, we may continue to see conversion requests on the 0.75% Senior Notes during fiscal 2015.
In March 2013, we issued $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due April 1, 2018 (the 0.25% Senior Notes) and concurrently entered into convertible notes hedges (the 0.25% Note Hedges) and separate warrant transactions (the 0.25% Warrants). The 0.25% Senior Notes will mature on April 1, 2018, unless earlier converted. Upon conversion of any 0.25% Senior Notes, we will deliver cash up to the principal amount of the 0.25% Senior Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value greater than the principal amount of the 0.25% Senior Notes, shares of our common stock, cash, or a combination of both.
The 0.25% Senior Notes will be convertible if during any 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days of any fiscal quarter commencing after April 30, 2013, our common stock trades at a price exceeding 130% of the conversion price of $66.44 per share applicable to the 0.25% Senior Notes. The 0.25% Senior Notes have not yet been convertible at the holders option. The 0.25% Senior Notes are classified as a noncurrent liability on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2014. For 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended January 31, 2014, our common stock did not trade at a price exceeding 130% of the conversion price of $66.44 per share applicable to the 0.25% Senior Notes. Accordingly, the 0.25% Senior Notes will not be convertible at the holders option for the quarter ending April 30, 2014, and will remain classified as a noncurrent liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are comprised primarily of corporate notes and other obligations, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, government obligations, collateralized mortgage obligations, mortgage backed securities, time deposits, money market mutual funds and municipal securities.
As of January 31, 2014, we have a total of $55.4 million in letters of credit outstanding in favor of certain landlords for office space. To date, no amounts have been drawn against the letters of credit, which renew annually and expire at various dates through December 2030.
We do not have any special purpose entities, and other than operating leases for office space and computer equipment, we do not engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
Our principal commitments consist of obligations under leases for office space and co-location facilities for data center capacity and our development and test data center, and computer equipment and software and furniture and fixtures. At January 31, 2014, the future non-cancelable minimum payments under these commitments were as follows:
(in thousands) Contractual Obligations |
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 Years |
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Capital lease obligations |
$ | 606,505 | $ | 77,455 | $ | 146,038 | $ | 183,012 | $ | 200,000 | ||||||||||
Operating lease obligations: |
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Facilities space |
1,280,872 | 144,568 | 300,105 | 248,671 | 587,528 | |||||||||||||||
Computer equipment and furniture and fixtures |
102,208 | 51,946 | 50,173 | 89 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Convertible Senior Notes, including interest |
1,733,842 | 573,875 | 5,750 | 1,154,217 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Term loan |
285,000 | 30,000 | 255,000 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
Financing obligation |
335,824 | 0 | 18,654 | 42,658 | 274,512 | |||||||||||||||
Contractual commitments |
5,950 | 5,950 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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$ | 4,350,201 | $ | 883,794 | $ | 775,720 | $ | 1,628,647 | $ | 1,062,040 | |||||||||||
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The majority of our operating lease agreements provide us with the option to renew. Our future operating lease obligations would change if we exercised these options and if we entered into additional operating lease agreements as we expand our operations. The Financing Obligation above represents the total obligation for our lease of approximately 445,000 rentable square feet of office space in San Francisco, California. As of January 31, 2014, $40.2 million of the total obligation noted above was recorded to Financing obligation, building in progressleased facility, which is included in Other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
During fiscal 2014 and in future fiscal years, we have made and expect to continue to make additional investments in our infrastructure to scale our operations and increase productivity. We plan to upgrade and/or replace various internal systems to scale with the overall growth of the Company. Additionally, we expect capital expenditures to be higher in absolute dollars and remain consistent as a percentage of total revenues in future periods as a result of continued office build-outs, other leasehold improvements and data center investments.
In the future, we may enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or joint ventures, services and technologies, and intellectual property rights. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all.
We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities and cash provided by operating activities will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditure and debt repayment needs over the next 12 months.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Regulation S-K Item 10(e), Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings, defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share each meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure.
Non-GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP operating profit and Non-GAAP net income
We use the non-GAAP measures of non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating profit and non-GAAP net income to provide an additional view of operational performance by excluding non-cash expenses that are not directly related to performance in any particular period. In addition to our GAAP measures we use these non-GAAP measures when planning, monitoring, and evaluating our performance. We believe that these non-GAAP measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in our business, as they exclude certain expenses and benefits. These items are excluded because the decisions which gave rise to them are not made to increase revenue in a particular period, but are made for our long-term benefit over multiple periods and we are not able to change or affect these items in any particular period.
We define non-GAAP net income as our total net income excluding the following components, which we believe are not reflective of our ongoing operational expenses. In each case, for the reasons set forth below, we believe that excluding the component provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating the impact of certain non-cash items to our operating results and future prospects in the same manner as us, in comparing financial results across accounting periods and to those of peer companies and to better understand the impact of these non-cash items on our gross margin and operating performance. Additionally, as significant, unusual or discrete events occur, the results may be excluded in the period in which the events occur.
| Stock-Based Expenses. The Companys compensation strategy includes the use of stock-based compensation to attract and retain employees and executives. It is principally aimed at aligning their interests with those of our stockholders and at long-term employee retention, rather than to motivate or reward operational performance for any particular period. Thus, stock-based compensation expense varies for reasons that are generally unrelated to operational decisions and performance in any particular period. |
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| Amortization of Purchased Intangibles. The Company views amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, such as the amortization of the cost associated with an acquired companys research and development efforts, trade names, customer lists and customer relationships, as items arising from pre-acquisition activities determined at the time of an acquisition. While it is continually viewed for impairment, amortization of the cost of purchased intangibles is a static expense, one that is not typically affected by operations during any particular period. |
| Amortization of Debt Discount. Under GAAP, certain convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash (or other assets) on conversion are required to be separately accounted for as liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuers non-convertible debt borrowing rate. Accordingly, for GAAP purposes we are required to recognize imputed interest expense on the Companys $575.0 million of convertible senior notes that were issued in a private placement in January 2010 and the Companys $1.15 billion of convertible senior notes that were issued in a private placement in March 2013. The imputed interest rates were approximately 5.9% for the notes issued in January 2010 and approximately 2.5% for the notes issued in March 2013, while the coupon interest rates were 0.75% and 0.25%, respectively. The difference between the imputed interest expense and the coupon interest expense, net of the interest amount capitalized, is excluded from managements assessment of the Companys operating performance because management believes that this non-cash expense is not indicative of ongoing operating performance. Management believes that the exclusion of the non-cash interest expense provides investors an enhanced view of the Companys operational performance. |
| Income Tax Effects and Adjustments. The Companys non-GAAP tax provision excludes the tax effects of expense items described above and certain tax items not directly related to the current fiscal years ordinary operating results. Examples of such tax items include, but are not limited to, changes in the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets, certain acquisition-related costs and unusual or infrequently occurring items. Management believes the exclusion of these income tax adjustments provides investors with useful supplemental information about the Companys operational performance. |
We define non-GAAP gross profit as our total revenues less cost of revenues, as reported on our consolidated statement of operations, excluding the portions of stock-based expenses and amortization of purchased intangibles that are included in cost of revenues.
We define non-GAAP operating profit as our non-GAAP gross profit less operating expenses, as reported on our consolidated statement of operations, excluding the portions of stock-based expenses and amortization of purchased intangibles that are included in operating expenses.
Non-GAAP earnings per share
Management uses the non-GAAP earnings per share to provide an additional view of performance by excluding items that are not directly related to performance in any particular period in the earnings per share calculation.
We define non-GAAP earnings per share as our non-GAAP net income, which excludes the above components, which we believe are not reflective of our ongoing operational expenses, divided by basic or diluted shares outstanding.
Limitations on the use of Non-GAAP financial measures
A limitation of our non-GAAP financial measures of non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share is that they do not have uniform definitions. Our definitions will likely differ from the definitions used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore comparability may be limited. Thus, our non-GAAP measures of non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP
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operating profit, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, in the case of stock-based expense, if we did not pay a portion of compensation in the form of stock-based expense, the cash salary expense included in costs of revenues and operating expenses would be higher which would affect our cash position.
We compensate for these limitations by reconciling non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share to the most comparable GAAP financial measure. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure and to view our non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the most comparable GAAP financial measures.
Our reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures of gross profit, operating profit, net income and earnings per share to the most comparable GAAP measure, gross profit, loss from operations, net loss and Net loss per share for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are as follows (in thousands, except for share numbers):
For the Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
Non-GAAP gross profit |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
GAAP gross profit |
$ | 3,102,575 | $ | 2,366,616 | $ | 1,777,653 | ||||||
Plus: |
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Amortization of purchased intangibles |
109,356 | 77,249 | 60,069 | |||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
45,608 | 33,757 | 17,451 | |||||||||
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Non-GAAP gross profit |
$ | 3,257,539 | $ | 2,477,622 | $ | 1,855,173 | ||||||
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For the Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
Non-GAAP operating profit |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
GAAP loss from operations |
$ | (286,074 | ) | $ | (110,710 | ) | $ | (35,085 | ) | |||
Plus: |
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Amortization of purchased intangibles |
146,535 | 88,171 | 67,319 | |||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
503,280 | 379,350 | 229,258 | |||||||||
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Non-GAAP operating profit |
$ | 363,741 | $ | 356,811 | $ | 261,492 | ||||||
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For the Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
Non-GAAP net income |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
GAAP net loss |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | |||
Plus: |
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Amortization of purchased intangibles |
146,535 | 88,171 | 67,319 | |||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
503,280 | 379,350 | 229,258 | |||||||||
Amortization of debt discount, net |
46,942 | 23,837 | 12,335 | |||||||||
Less: |
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Income tax effects and adjustments of Non-GAAP items |
(242,729 | ) | 21,629 | (103,730 | ) | |||||||
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Non-GAAP net income |
$ | 221,853 | $ | 242,542 | $ | 193,610 | ||||||
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For the Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share(a) |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
GAAP diluted loss per share |
$ | (0.39 | ) | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | |||
Plus: |
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Amortization of purchased intangibles |
0.23 | 0.15 | 0.12 | |||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
0.79 | 0.64 | 0.40 | |||||||||
Amortization of debt discount, net |
0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |||||||||
Less: |
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Income tax effects and adjustments of Non-GAAP items |
(0.35 | ) | 0.06 | (0.18 | ) | |||||||
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Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share |
$ | 0.35 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.34 | ||||||
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Shares used in computing diluted net income per share |
635,688 | 596,280 | 569,180 |
(a) | Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the four-for-one stock split of our common stock through a stock dividend which occurred in April 2013. |
The effects of dilutive securities were not included in the GAAP calculation of diluted earnings/loss per share for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 because we had a net loss for those periods and the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The following table reflects the effect of the dilutive securities on the basic share count used in the GAAP earnings/loss per share calculation to derive the share count used for the non-GAAP diluted earnings per share:
For the Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
Supplemental Diluted Sharecount Information (in thousands): |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
Weighted-average shares outstanding for GAAP basic earnings per share |
597,613 | 564,896 | 541,208 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
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Convertible senior notes |
14,550 | 11,360 | 9,052 | |||||||||
Warrants associated with the convertible senior note hedges |
9,658 | 5,132 | 2,212 | |||||||||
Employee stock awards |
13,867 | 14,892 | 16,708 | |||||||||
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Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding and assumed conversions for Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share |
635,688 | 596,280 | 569,180 | |||||||||
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ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar and Japanese Yen. We seek to minimize the impact of certain foreign currency fluctuations by hedging certain balance sheet exposures with foreign currency forward contracts. Any gain or loss from settling these contracts is offset by the loss or gain derived from the underlying balance sheet exposures. In accordance with our policy, the hedging contracts we enter into have maturities of less than three months. Additionally, by policy, we do not enter into any hedging contracts for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $1.3 billion at January 31, 2014. This amount was invested primarily in money market funds, time deposits, corporate notes and bonds, government securities and other debt securities with credit ratings of at least triple BBB or better. The cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities are held for general corporate purposes including possible acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary businesses, services or technologies, working capital and capital expenditures. Our investments are made for capital preservation purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
Our cash equivalents and our portfolio of marketable securities are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectation due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However because we classify our debt securities as available for sale, no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be other-than-temporary. Our fixed-income portfolio is subject to interest rate risk.
An immediate increase or decrease in interest rates of 100-basis points at January 31, 2014 could result in a $8.8 million market value reduction or increase of the same amount. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur. Fluctuations in the value of our investment securities caused by a change in interest rates (gains or losses on the carrying value) are recorded in other comprehensive income, and are realized only if we sell the underlying securities.
At January 31, 2013, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $1.8 billion. The fixed-income portfolio was also subject to interest rate risk. Changes in interest rates of 100-basis points would have resulted in market value changes of $16.7 million.
Market Risk and Market Interest Risk
In January 2010, we issued at par value $575.0 million of 0.75% convertible senior notes due 2015 (the 0.75% Senior Notes) and in March 2013, we issued at par value $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes (the 0.25% Senior Notes) (collectively the Notes). Holders may convert the Notes prior to maturity upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. Upon conversion, we would pay the holder an amount of cash equal to the principal amounts of the Notes. Amounts in excess of the principal amounts of the Notes, if any, may be paid in cash or stock at our option. Concurrent with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into separate note hedging transactions and the sale of warrants. These separate transactions were completed to reduce the potential economic dilution from the conversion of the Notes.
The 0.75% Senior Notes and the 0.25% Senior Notes have fixed annual interest rates of 0.75% and 0.25%, respectively and therefore, we do not have economic interest rate exposure on the Notes. However, the value of
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the Notes are exposed to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair values of our fixed interest rate Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair values of our Notes is affected by our stock price. The carrying value of our 0.75% Senior Notes was $542.2 million and the carrying value of our 0.25% Senior Notes was $1.0 billion as of January 31, 2014, which represents the liability components of the $568.9 million principal balance and $1.15 billion principal balance, respectively. The total estimated fair values of our 0.75% Senior Notes and 0.25% Senior Notes at January 31, 2014 were $1.6 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. The fair value was determined based on the closing trading price per $100 of the 0.75% Senior Notes and 0.25% Senior Notes as of the last day of trading for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, which were $283.78 and $115.29, respectively.
In July 2013, we entered into a $300.0 million term loan (the Term Loan) which matures in July 2016 and bears interest at our option of either a base rate plus a spread of 0.50% to 1.00% or an adjusted LIBOR rate as defined in the Credit Agreement plus a spread of 1.50% to 2.00%. The Company entered into the Term Loan for purposes of partially funding the acquisition of ExactTarget. Interest is due and payable in arrears quarterly for the loan bearing interest as described above at the end of an interest period. The Term Loan is payable in quarterly installments equal to $7.5 million beginning in September 2013, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of the term loan being due and payable at maturity.
By entering into the Term Loan, we have assumed risks associated with variable interest rates based upon a variable base rate or LIBOR. The weighted average interest rate on the Term Loan was 2.0% for fiscal 2014. Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest expense that we recognize in our statements of operations.
We have an investment portfolio that includes strategic investments in public and privately-held companies, many of which are in the development stage. When our ownership interests are less than 20 percent and we do not have the ability to exert significant influence, we account for investments in non-marketable equity and debt securities of the privately-held companies using the cost method of accounting. Otherwise, we account for the investments using the equity method of accounting. As of January 31, 2014 and January 31, 2013 the fair value of our investments in privately-held companies was $77.0 million and $46.8 million, respectively.
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ITEM 8. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of salesforce.com, inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of salesforce.com, inc. as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(c). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of salesforce.com, inc. at January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), salesforce.com inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 1992 framework and our report dated March 5, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Jose, California
March 5, 2014
62
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of salesforce.com, inc.
We have audited salesforce.com, inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 1992 framework (the COSO criteria). salesforce.com, inc.s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As indicated in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, managements assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of ExactTarget, Inc., which is included in the January 31, 2014 consolidated financial statements of salesforce.com, inc. and constituted less than four percent and less than six percent, respectively, of consolidated total assets and consolidated net assets, excluding acquisition method fair value adjustments as of January 31, 2014, and less than five percent of consolidated total revenues for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of salesforce.com, inc. also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of ExactTarget, Inc. In our opinion, salesforce.com, inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of salesforce.com, inc. as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014 of salesforce.com, inc. and our report dated March 5, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Jose, California
March 5, 2014
63
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except per share data)
January 31, 2014 |
January 31, 2013 |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 781,635 | $ | 747,245 | ||||
Short-term marketable securities |
57,139 | 120,376 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,769 and $1,853 at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively |
1,360,837 | 872,634 | ||||||
Deferred commissions |
171,461 | 142,311 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
309,180 | 133,314 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current assets |
2,680,252 | 2,015,880 | ||||||
Marketable securities, noncurrent |
482,243 | 890,664 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
1,240,746 | 604,669 | ||||||
Deferred commissions, noncurrent |
153,459 | 112,082 | ||||||
Capitalized software, net |
481,917 | 207,323 | ||||||
Goodwill |
3,500,823 | 1,529,378 | ||||||
Other assets, net |
613,490 | 168,960 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 9,152,930 | $ | 5,528,956 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders equity |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
$ | 934,324 | $ | 597,706 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
2,473,705 | 1,798,640 | ||||||
Convertible 0.75% senior notes, net |
542,159 | 521,278 | ||||||
Term loan, current |
30,000 | 0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current liabilities |
3,980,188 | 2,917,624 | ||||||
Convertible 0.25% senior notes, net |
1,046,930 | 0 | ||||||
Term loan, noncurrent |
255,000 | 0 | ||||||
Deferred revenue, noncurrent |
48,410 | 64,355 | ||||||
Other noncurrent liabilities |
757,187 | 175,732 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
6,087,715 | 3,157,711 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Temporary equity |
26,705 | 53,612 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |
||||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding |
0 | 0 | ||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 1,600,000 shares authorized, 610,143 and 585,627 issued and outstanding at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively (1) |
610 | 586 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital (1) |
3,363,377 | 2,410,892 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
17,680 | 17,137 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(343,157 | ) | (110,982 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total stockholders equity |
3,038,510 | 2,317,633 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders equity |
$ | 9,152,930 | $ | 5,528,956 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the four-for-one stock split through a stock dividend which occurred in April 2013. |
See accompanying Notes.
64
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
$ | 3,824,542 | $ | 2,868,808 | $ | 2,126,234 | ||||||
Professional services and other |
246,461 | 181,387 | 140,305 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenues |
4,071,003 | 3,050,195 | 2,266,539 | |||||||||
Cost of revenues (1)(2): |
||||||||||||
Subscription and support |
711,880 | 494,187 | 360,758 | |||||||||
Professional services and other |
256,548 | 189,392 | 128,128 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total cost of revenues |
968,428 | 683,579 | 488,886 | |||||||||
Gross profit |
3,102,575 | 2,366,616 | 1,777,653 | |||||||||
Operating expenses (1)(2): |
||||||||||||
Research and development |
623,798 | 429,479 | 295,347 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
2,168,132 | 1,614,026 | 1,169,610 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
596,719 | 433,821 | 347,781 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total operating expenses |
3,388,649 | 2,477,326 | 1,812,738 | |||||||||
Loss from operations |
(286,074 | ) | (110,710 | ) | (35,085 | ) | ||||||
Investment income |
10,218 | 19,562 | 23,268 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(77,211 | ) | (30,948 | ) | (17,045 | ) | ||||||
Other expense |
(4,868 | ) | (5,698 | ) | (4,455 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
(357,935 | ) | (127,794 | ) | (33,317 | ) | ||||||
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |
125,760 | (142,651 | ) | 21,745 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net loss |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Earnings per share-basic and diluted: |
||||||||||||
Basic net loss per share (3) |
$ | (0.39 | ) | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | |||
Diluted net loss per share (3) |
$ | (0.39 | ) | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | |||
Shares used in computing basic net loss per share (3) |
597,613 | 564,896 | 541,208 | |||||||||
Shares used in computing diluted net loss per share (3) |
597,613 | 564,896 | 541,208 |
(1) | Amounts include amortization of purchased intangibles from business combinations, as follows: |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 109,356 | $ | 77,249 | $ | 60,069 | ||||||
Marketing and sales |
37,179 | 10,922 | 7,250 |
(2) | Amounts include stock-based expenses, as follows: |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | 45,608 | $ | 33,757 | $ | 17,451 | ||||||
Research and development |
107,420 | 76,333 | 45,894 | |||||||||
Marketing and sales |
258,571 | 199,284 | 115,730 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
91,681 | 69,976 | 50,183 |
(3) | Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the four-for-one stock split through a stock dividend which occurred in April 2013. |
See accompanying Notes.
65
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | |||
Other comprehensive income, before tax and net of reclassification adjustments: |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation and other gains (losses) |
(4,930 | ) | 4,783 | 9,512 | ||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments |
8,120 | (329 | ) | (5,658 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Other comprehensive income, before tax |
3,190 | 4,454 | 3,854 | |||||||||
Tax effect |
(2,647 | ) | 0 | 2,110 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
543 | 4,454 | 5,964 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Comprehensive loss |
$ | (231,632 | ) | $ | (265,991 | ) | $ | (5,608 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying Notes.
66
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity
(in thousands)
Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital(1) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |
Total Stockholders Equity(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Shares(1) | Amount(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at January 31, 2011 |
531,684 | $ | 532 | $ | 1,098,205 | $ | 6,719 | $ | 171,035 | $ | 1,276,491 | |||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and stock grants to board members for board services |
10,070 | 10 | 111,770 | 0 | 0 | 111,780 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vested restricted stock units converted to shares |
4,300 | 4 | (3 | ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued related to business combinations |
2,092 | 2 | 56,612 | 0 | 0 | 56,614 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefits from employee stock plans |
0 | 0 | 1,611 | 0 | 0 | 1,611 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
0 | 0 | 225,212 | 0 | 0 | 225,212 | ||||||||||||||||||
Temporary equity reclassification |
0 | 0 | (78,741 | ) | 0 | 0 | (78,741 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
0 | 0 | 0 | 5,964 | 0 | 5,964 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (11,572 | ) | (11,572 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balances at January 31, 2012 |
548,146 | $ | 548 | $ | 1,414,666 | $ | 12,683 | $ | 159,463 | $ | 1,587,360 | |||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and stock grants to board members for board services |
20,237 | 20 | 278,986 | 0 | 0 | 279,006 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vested restricted stock units converted to shares |
6,564 | 7 | (6 | ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued related to business combinations |
7,727 | 8 | 240,020 | 0 | 0 | 240,028 | ||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued under employee stock plans |
2,953 | 3 | 69,067 | 0 | 0 | 69,070 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefits from employee stock plans |
0 | 0 | 7,189 | 0 | 0 | 7,189 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
0 | 0 | 375,841 | 0 | 0 | 375,841 | ||||||||||||||||||
Temporary equity reclassification |
0 | 0 | 25,129 | 0 | 0 | 25,129 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
0 | 0 | 0 | 4,454 | 0 | 4,454 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (270,445 | ) | (270,445 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balances at January 31, 2013 |
585,627 | $ | 586 | $ | 2,410,892 | $ | 17,137 | $ | (110,982 | ) | $ | 2,317,633 | ||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and stock grants to board members for board services |
9,952 | 10 | 197,012 | 0 | 0 | 196,578 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vested restricted stock units converted to shares |
9,265 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued related to business combinations |
2,367 | 2 | 81,191 | 0 | 0 | 81,193 | ||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued under employee stock plans |
2,932 | 3 | 92,482 | 0 | 0 | 92,485 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefits from employee stock plans |
0 | 0 | 8,048 | 0 | 0 | 8,048 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based expenses |
0 | 0 | 494,615 | 0 | 0 | 495,059 | ||||||||||||||||||
Temporary equity reclassification |
0 | 0 | 26,907 | 0 | 0 | 26,907 | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity component of the convertible notes issuance, net |
0 | 0 | 121,230 | 0 | 0 | 121,230 | ||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of convertible note hedges |
0 | 0 | (153,800 | ) | 0 | 0 | (153,800 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants |
0 | 0 | 84,800 | 0 | 0 | 84,800 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
0 | 0 | 0 | 543 | 0 | 543 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (232,175 | ) | (232,175 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balances at January 31, 2014 |
610,143 | $ | 610 | $ | 3,363,377 | $ | 17,680 | $ | (343,157 | ) | $ | 3,038,510 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the four-for-one stock split through a stock dividend which occurred in April 2013. |
See accompanying Notes.
67
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (232,175 | ) | $ | (270,445 | ) | $ | (11,572 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
369,423 | 216,795 | 157,286 | |||||||||
Amortization of debt discount and transaction costs |
49,796 | 24,086 | 10,347 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred commissions |
194,553 | 154,818 | 107,195 | |||||||||
Expenses related to employee stock plans |
503,280 | 379,350 | 229,258 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans |
(8,144 | ) | (14,933 | ) | (6,018 | ) | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of business combinations: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
(424,702 | ) | (183,242 | ) | (244,947 | ) | ||||||
Deferred commissions |
(265,080 | ) | (232,591 | ) | (167,199 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid expenses, current assets and other assets |
105,218 | (9,718 | ) | (7,853 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
(29,043 | ) | 193,358 | 80,336 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
612,343 | 479,419 | 444,674 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
875,469 | 736,897 | 591,507 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Business combinations, net of cash acquired |
(2,617,302 | ) | (579,745 | ) | (422,699 | ) | ||||||
Land activity and building improvements |
0 | (4,106 | ) | (19,655 | ) | |||||||
Strategic investments |
(31,160 | ) | (9,695 | ) | (37,370 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of marketable securities |
(558,703 | ) | (1,021,287 | ) | (623,231 | ) | ||||||
Sales of marketable securities |
1,038,284 | 706,893 | 724,564 | |||||||||
Maturities of marketable securities |
36,436 | 144,623 | 40,346 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(299,110 | ) | (175,601 | ) | (151,645 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(2,431,555 | ) | (938,918 | ) | (489,690 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings on convertible senior notes, net |
1,132,750 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of warrants |
84,800 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Purchase of convertible note hedge |
(153,800 | ) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Proceeds from term loan, net |
298,500 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Proceeds from employee stock plans |
289,931 | 351,366 | 116,565 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans |
8,144 | 14,933 | 6,018 | |||||||||
Contingent consideration payment related to prior business combinations |
0 | 0 | (16,200 | ) | ||||||||
Payments on convertible senior notes |
(5,992 | ) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations |
(41,099 | ) | (31,754 | ) | (30,533 | ) | ||||||
Principal payments on term loan |
(15,000 | ) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,598,234 | 334,545 | 75,850 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes |
(7,758 | ) | 7,437 | 5,325 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
34,390 | 139,961 | 182,992 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
747,245 |