Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO __________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-35657
Front Yard Residential Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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MARYLAND | 46-0633510 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
c/o Altisource Asset Management Corporation
5100 Tamarind Reef
Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands 00820
(Address of principal executive office)
(340) 692-1055
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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| | | | |
Large Accelerated Filer | o | | Accelerated Filer | x |
Non-Accelerated Filer | o | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller Reporting Company | o |
| | | Emerging Growth Company | o |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of November 2, 2018, 53,630,204 shares of our common stock were outstanding.
Front Yard Residential Corporation
September 30, 2018
Table of Contents
References in this report to “we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Front Yard Residential Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. References in this report to “AAMC” refer to Altisource Asset Management Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated.
Special note on forward-looking statements
Our disclosure and analysis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “targets,” “predicts” or “potential” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases that are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
The forward-looking statements contained in this report reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause our actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Factors that may materially affect such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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• | our ability to implement our business strategy; |
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• | our ability to make distributions to our stockholders; |
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• | our ability to acquire assets for our portfolio, including difficulties in identifying single-family rental assets to acquire; |
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• | the impact of changes to the supply of, value of and the returns on single-family rental assets; |
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• | our ability to successfully integrate newly acquired properties, including the RHA Acquired Properties acquired in the HB Acquisition (as such terms are defined in Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein), into our portfolio of single-family rental properties; |
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• | our ability to successfully operate HavenBrook Partners, LLC (“HavenBrook”) as a property manager or effectively perform the property management services at the level and/or the cost that we anticipate; |
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• | our ability to transition property management for the single-family rental properties currently managed by Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (“ASPS”) to HavenBrook; |
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• | our ability to integrate personnel from HavenBrook and ASPS, including retaining key HavenBrook and ASPS employees; |
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• | the failure to identify unforeseen expenses or material liabilities associated with the HB Acquisition through the due diligence process prior to such acquisitions; |
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• | our ability to predict our costs; |
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• | our ability to effectively compete with our competitors; |
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• | our ability to deploy our cash, the proceeds from financing activities or non-rental real estate owned asset sales to target assets in a timely manner; |
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• | our ability to sell non-rental real estate assets on favorable terms and on a timely basis or at all; |
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• | changes in the market value of our acquired real estate owned and single-family rental properties; |
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• | changes in interest rates; |
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• | our ability to obtain and access financing arrangements on favorable terms or at all; |
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• | our ability to maintain adequate liquidity; |
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• | our ability to retain our engagement of AAMC; |
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• | the failure of ASPS or Main Street Renewal, LLC to effectively perform their obligations under their respective agreements with us; |
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• | our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT; |
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• | our failure to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act; |
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• | the impact of adverse real estate or housing markets; |
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• | the impact of adverse legislative, regulatory or tax changes; and |
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• | general economic and market conditions. |
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, assumptions and expectations, they are not guarantees of future performance. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of their respective dates, and we assume no obligation to update them to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information or otherwise. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause our future results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, please see Part II, Item 1A in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Item 1A. Risk factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Part I
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Front Yard Residential Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
|
| | | | | | | |
| September 30, 2018 |
| December 31, 2017 |
| (unaudited) | | |
Assets: |
|
|
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Real estate held for use: |
|
|
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Land | $ | 396,938 |
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| $ | 322,062 |
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Rental residential properties | 1,668,543 |
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| 1,381,110 |
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Real estate owned | 62,379 |
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| 64,036 |
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Total real estate held for use | 2,127,860 |
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| 1,767,208 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation | (122,386 | ) |
| (73,655 | ) |
Total real estate held for use, net | 2,005,474 |
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| 1,693,553 |
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Real estate assets held for sale | 126,757 |
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| 75,718 |
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Mortgage loans at fair value | 7,675 |
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| 11,477 |
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Cash and cash equivalents | 72,374 |
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| 113,666 |
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Restricted cash | 43,012 |
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| 47,822 |
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Accounts receivable, net | 15,457 |
|
| 19,555 |
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Goodwill | 13,376 |
| | — |
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 24,694 |
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| 12,758 |
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Total assets | $ | 2,308,819 |
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| $ | 1,974,549 |
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|
|
|
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Liabilities: |
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|
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Repurchase and loan agreements | $ | 1,696,931 |
|
| $ | 1,270,157 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 82,606 |
|
| 55,639 |
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Payable to AAMC | 4,006 |
|
| 4,151 |
|
Total liabilities | 1,783,543 |
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| 1,329,947 |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) | — |
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| — |
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Equity: |
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|
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Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 authorized shares; 53,630,204 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 53,447,950 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 | 536 |
|
| 534 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 1,182,988 |
|
| 1,181,327 |
|
Accumulated deficit | (658,248 | ) |
| (537,259 | ) |
Total equity | 525,276 |
|
| 644,602 |
|
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,308,819 |
|
| $ | 1,974,549 |
|
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
Front Yard Residential Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
| 2018 |
| 2017 |
Revenues: |
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Rental revenues | $ | 48,313 |
| | $ | 32,960 |
|
| $ | 128,984 |
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| $ | 88,680 |
|
Change in unrealized gain on mortgage loans | — |
| | (28,128 | ) |
| — |
|
| (157,817 | ) |
Net realized (loss) gain on mortgage loans | — |
| | (2,700 | ) |
| — |
|
| 73,077 |
|
Net realized gain on sales of real estate | — |
| | 21,369 |
|
| — |
|
| 62,132 |
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Interest income | — |
| | 164 |
|
| — |
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| 341 |
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Total revenues | 48,313 |
| | 23,665 |
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| 128,984 |
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| 66,413 |
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Expenses: |
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| |
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Residential property operating expenses | 17,269 |
| | 15,236 |
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| 45,372 |
|
| 48,648 |
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Property management expenses | 3,400 |
| | 2,257 |
| | 9,286 |
| | 6,441 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 21,100 |
| | 15,309 |
|
| 59,051 |
|
| 45,288 |
|
Acquisition and integration costs | 25,220 |
| | 283 |
|
| 26,012 |
|
| 659 |
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Impairment | 1,276 |
| | 7,352 |
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| 10,994 |
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| 30,686 |
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Mortgage loan servicing costs | 479 |
| | 802 |
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| 1,153 |
|
| 9,672 |
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Interest expense | 20,142 |
| | 14,240 |
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| 52,543 |
|
| 44,965 |
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Share-based compensation | 1,200 |
| | 358 |
|
| 1,880 |
|
| 2,824 |
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General and administrative | 3,483 |
| | 3,452 |
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| 8,633 |
|
| 8,656 |
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Management fees to AAMC | 3,648 |
| | 4,129 |
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| 11,135 |
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| 13,377 |
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Total expenses | 97,217 |
| | 63,418 |
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| 226,059 |
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| 211,216 |
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Net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans | 1,177 |
| | — |
| | (763 | ) | | — |
|
Operating loss | (47,727 | ) | | (39,753 | ) | | (97,838 | ) | | (144,803 | ) |
Casualty (losses) loss reversals, net | (461 | ) | | (6,021 | ) | | 59 |
| | (6,021 | ) |
Insurance recoveries | 133 |
| | 2,886 |
| | 248 |
| | 2,886 |
|
Other income | 128 |
| | — |
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| 918 |
|
| — |
|
Loss before income taxes | (47,927 | ) | | (42,888 | ) | | (96,613 | ) | | (147,938 | ) |
Income tax expense | 6 |
| | 28 |
|
| 6 |
|
| 42 |
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Net loss | $ | (47,933 | ) | | $ | (42,916 | ) |
| $ | (96,619 | ) |
| $ | (147,980 | ) |
| | |
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Loss per share of common stock - basic: | | |
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Loss per basic share | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | (0.80 | ) |
| $ | (1.81 | ) |
| $ | (2.77 | ) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding - basic | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
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| 53,525,792 |
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| 53,508,881 |
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Loss per share of common stock - diluted: |
|
| |
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Loss per diluted share | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | (0.80 | ) |
| $ | (1.81 | ) |
| $ | (2.77 | ) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding - diluted | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
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| 53,525,792 |
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| 53,508,881 |
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Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.15 |
| | $ | 0.15 |
|
| $ | 0.45 |
|
| $ | 0.45 |
|
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Front Yard Residential Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Total Equity |
| Number of Shares | | Amount | | | |
December 31, 2017 | 53,447,950 |
| | $ | 534 |
| | $ | 1,181,327 |
| | $ | (537,259 | ) | | $ | 644,602 |
|
Common shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes | 212,219 |
| | 2 |
| | 106 |
| | — |
| | 108 |
|
Repurchases of common stock | (29,965 | ) | | — |
| | (325 | ) | | — |
| | (325 | ) |
Dividends on common stock ($0.45 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (24,370 | ) | | (24,370 | ) |
Share-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 1,880 |
| | — |
| | 1,880 |
|
Net loss | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (96,619 | ) | | (96,619 | ) |
September 30, 2018 | 53,630,204 |
| | $ | 536 |
| | $ | 1,182,988 |
| | $ | (658,248 | ) | | $ | 525,276 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Total Equity |
| Number of Shares | | Amount | | | |
December 31, 2016 | 53,667,631 |
| | $ | 537 |
| | $ | 1,182,245 |
| | $ | (319,714 | ) | | $ | 863,068 |
|
Common shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes | 150,613 |
| | 1 |
| | 104 |
| | — |
| | 105 |
|
Repurchases of common stock | (370,294 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (5,161 | ) | | — |
| | (5,165 | ) |
Dividends on common stock ($0.45 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (24,011 | ) | | (24,011 | ) |
Share-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 2,824 |
| | — |
| | 2,824 |
|
Net loss | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (147,980 | ) | | (147,980 | ) |
September 30, 2017 | 53,447,950 |
| | $ | 534 |
| | $ | 1,180,012 |
| | $ | (491,705 | ) | | $ | 688,841 |
|
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Front Yard Residential Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 |
| 2017 |
Operating activities: | | | |
Net loss | $ | (96,619 | ) | | $ | (147,980 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | |
Net loss on real estate and mortgage loans | 763 |
| | 22,608 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 59,051 |
| | 45,288 |
|
Impairment | 10,994 |
| | 30,686 |
|
Share-based compensation | 1,880 |
| | 2,824 |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 3,792 |
| | 5,904 |
|
Casualty (loss reversals) losses, net | (59 | ) | | 6,021 |
|
Insurance recoveries | (248 | ) | | (2,886 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | (1,677 | ) | | (4,925 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (14,904 | ) | | (4,803 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 24,271 |
| | 4,377 |
|
Payable to AAMC | (145 | ) | | (586 | ) |
Net cash used in operating activities | (12,901 | ) | | (43,472 | ) |
Investing activities: | | | |
Investment in real estate | (475,276 | ) | | (61,738 | ) |
Investment in renovations | (25,459 | ) | | (29,370 | ) |
Investment in HavenBrook | (11,399 | ) | | — |
|
Payment of real estate tax advances | (196 | ) | | (3,964 | ) |
Proceeds from mortgage loan resolutions and dispositions | 6,357 |
| | 470,591 |
|
Receipt of mortgage loan payments | 192 |
| | 6,648 |
|
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate | 73,468 |
| | 211,974 |
|
Proceeds of casualty insurance | 2,113 |
| | — |
|
Acquisition related deposits | (611 | ) | | — |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (430,811 | ) | | 594,141 |
|
Financing activities: | | | |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 108 |
| | 243 |
|
Payment of tax withholdings on share-based compensation plan awards | — |
| | (138 | ) |
Repurchase of common stock | (325 | ) | | (5,165 | ) |
Dividends on common stock | (24,219 | ) | | (24,149 | ) |
Repayments of other secured debt | — |
| | (144,971 | ) |
Proceeds from repurchase and loan agreements | 593,634 |
| | 111,088 |
|
Repayments of repurchase and loan agreements | (166,123 | ) | | (400,269 | ) |
Investment in interest rate cap derivative | (936 | ) | | — |
|
Payment of financing costs | (4,529 | ) | | (4,399 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 397,610 |
| | (467,760 | ) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (46,102 | ) | | 82,909 |
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of beginning of the period | 161,488 |
| | 129,223 |
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of end of the period | $ | 115,386 |
| | $ | 212,132 |
|
| | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
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Front Yard Residential Corporation Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued) (In thousands) (Unaudited)
|
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | |
Cash paid for: | | | |
Interest | $ | 47,002 |
| | $ | 39,715 |
|
Income taxes | 58 |
| | 28 |
|
| | | |
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: | | | |
Seller financing of assets acquired | $ | — |
| | $ | 167,682 |
|
Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate owned, net | 2,179 |
| | 42,320 |
|
Changes in accrued capital expenditures | (150 | ) | | 2,910 |
|
Changes in receivables from mortgage loan resolutions and dispositions, payments and real estate tax advances to borrowers, net | (290 | ) | | (6,319 | ) |
Changes in receivables from real estate owned dispositions | (2,353 | ) | | (10,266 | ) |
Dividends declared but not paid | 8,423 |
| | 8,209 |
|
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Front Yard Residential Corporation
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2018
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Front Yard Residential Corporation (“we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company”) is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on acquiring, owning and managing single-family rental (“SFR”) properties throughout the United States. We conduct substantially all of our activities through our wholly owned subsidiary, Front Yard Residential, L.P., and its subsidiaries.
On August 8, 2018, we acquired HavenBrook Partners, LLC (“HavenBrook” or our “internal property manager”), a full-service property management company and a Delaware limited liability company. The acquisition of HavenBrook provides us with an internal property manager and the opportunity to build an efficient, scalable platform that is intended to provide tenants with excellent service and allow us to benefit from economies of scale that will enhance long-term shareholder value. Upon the acquisition of HavenBrook, we commenced the internalization of our property management function. In addition to HavenBrook, we have property management contracts with two separate third-party service providers for, among other things, leasing and lease management, operations, maintenance, repair, property management and property disposition services for certain of our SFR and REO portfolios. We are in the process of transferring the property management of our SFR properties currently serviced by Altisource S.à r.l. to our internal property manager and anticipate completing that transition in the fourth quarter of 2018. We anticipate that all SFR properties acquired in the future will also be managed internally.
As of September 30, 2018, we had a rental portfolio of approximately 15,000 homes. In addition, we had a small portfolio of mortgage loans and non-rental real estate owned (“REO”) properties remaining from our previous mortgage loan portfolio acquisitions. We have a servicing agreement with one mortgage loan servicer with respect to the servicing of the remaining mortgage loans in our portfolio. We are currently preparing these mortgage loans and REO assets for future disposition in order to create additional liquidity and purchasing power to continue building our rental portfolio.
We are managed by Altisource Asset Management Corporation (“AAMC” or our “Manager”). AAMC provides us with dedicated personnel to administer certain aspects of our business and perform certain of our corporate governance functions. AAMC also provides oversight of our acquisition and management of SFR properties and the ongoing management of our remaining residential mortgage loans and REO properties. See Note 8 for a description of this related-party relationship.
Basis of presentation and use of estimates
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). All wholly owned subsidiaries are included, and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial information, in our opinion, contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. We have omitted certain notes and other information from the interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as permitted by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our annual consolidated financial statements included within our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018.
Certain amounts previously reported in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified in the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period’s presentation, primarily to change the presentation of net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans on the consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company has included net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans as a component of operating loss to present these gains and losses in accordance with ASC 360-10-45-5. The change was made in response to the SEC’s elimination of Rule 3-15(a) of Regulation S-X as part of Release No. 33-10532; 34-83875; IC-33203, which had required REITs to present gain and losses on sale of properties outside of continuing operations in the income statement.
Use of estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Recently issued accounting standards
Adoption of recent accounting standards
In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments in ASU 2018-07 expand the scope of the employee share-based payments guidance to include share-based payments issued to non-employees. The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards to non-employees. This ASU is effective for fiscal years after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the fair value of the restricted stock and stock option awards we had previously granted to employees of AAMC was determined as of the transition date, and the fair value of such awards granted subsequent to April 1, 2018 will be determined as of the grant date. As a result, our share-based compensation expense will not fluctuate with our stock price or other factors that previously impacted the mark-to-market adjustments on these awards. This adoption had no other significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Our adoption of this amendment on January 1, 2018 did not have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20). ASU 2017-05 clarifies that a financial asset is within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 if it meets the definition of an in substance nonfinancial asset. The amendments define the term “in substance nonfinancial asset,” in part, as a financial asset promised to a counterparty in a contract if substantially all of the fair value of the assets (recognized and unrecognized) that are promised to the counterparty in the contract is concentrated in nonfinancial assets. If substantially all of the fair value of the assets that are promised to the counterparty in a contract is concentrated in nonfinancial assets, then all of the financial assets promised to the counterparty are in substance nonfinancial assets within the scope of Subtopic 610-20. This amendment also clarifies that nonfinancial assets within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 may include nonfinancial assets transferred within a legal entity to a counterparty. For example, a parent company may transfer control of nonfinancial assets by transferring ownership interests in a consolidated subsidiary. ASU 2017-05 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Our adoption of this amendment on January 1, 2018 did not have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. The amendments in ASU 2016-16 eliminate the exception of recognizing, at the time of transfer, current and deferred income taxes for intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Our adoption of this amendment on January 1, 2018 did not have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Our adoption of this amendment on January 1, 2018 did not have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10). ASU 2016-01 requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments also
require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition, the amendments eliminate the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Our adoption of this amendment on January 1, 2018 did not have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount reflecting the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which effectively delayed the adoption date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. In 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued accounting standards updates that amended several aspects of ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Management performed an analysis of our gains and losses arising from real estate sales (the sole component of our revenue within the scope of ASU 2014-09). We determined that our policy for recognition of gains and losses on real estate sales prior to our adoption is consistent with the updated revenue recognition requirements of ASU 2014-09, as amended. Therefore, our adoption of ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 had no significant impact on our previous revenue recognition practices, and our application of the modified retrospective method of adoption resulted in no adjustments to comparative information or cumulative adjustments to any beginning balances in the current period. As our mortgage loan and related REO activities are no longer a core part of our operations, we determined to classify net gains and losses from sales of real estate and resolutions and dispositions of mortgage loans as a component of other income, which is consistent with the guidance of ASU 2014-09, effective with the adoption on January 1, 2018.
Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendment modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. The revised guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years. Companies are permitted to early adopt any eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the additional disclosure requirements until their effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and the timing of our adoption.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The ASU expands the activities that qualify for hedge accounting and simplifies the rules for reporting hedging transactions. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2019, and we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the guidance on measuring credit losses on financial assets held at amortized cost. The amendment is intended to address the issue that the previous “incurred loss” methodology was restrictive for an entity's ability to record credit losses based on not yet meeting the “probable” threshold. The new language will require these assets to be valued at amortized cost presented at the net amount expected to be collected with a valuation provision. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 should be applied on a modified retrospective transition basis. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2020. While we are still evaluating the overall impact of this ASU, we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms greater than twelve months in the statement of financial position and also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Accounting by lessors is substantially unchanged from prior practice as lessors will continue to recognize lease revenue on a straight-line basis. The FASB has also issued multiple ASUs amending certain aspects of Topic 842. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal
years. The amendments in ASU 2016-02 should be applied on a modified retrospective transition basis, and a number of practical expedients may apply. These practical expedients relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. While we are still evaluating the overall impact of this ASU, we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Upon adoption, we expect to recognize a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on our consolidated balance sheet for the leases we currently classify as operating leases.
2. Asset acquisitions and dispositions
Real estate assets
Real estate acquisitions
Acquisitions accounted for as business combinations
On August 8, 2018, we acquired all of the equity interests of HavenBrook and three real estate investment trusts owned by Rental Home Associates, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“RHA”), for an aggregate purchase price of $485.0 million. The purchase is accounted for as a business combination. The assets of the entities acquired from RHA include 3,236 single-family rental properties (the “RHA Acquired Properties”). We refer to this transaction as the “HB Acquisition.”
The following table presents the components acquired ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | |
Purchase price allocable to RHA entities, including underlying properties | | $ | 471,400 |
|
Purchase price allocable to HavenBrook | | 13,600 |
|
Gross purchase price | | 485,000 |
|
Less: net purchase price adjustments at closing (1) | | (3,644 | ) |
Net purchase price | | $ | 481,356 |
|
__________________
| |
(1) | Purchase price adjustments at closing relate primarily to (i) properties sold by RHA subsequent to negotiation of the purchase price and prior to closing and (ii) working capital balances of each acquired entity. |
The HB Acquisition was completed using the following sources of funds ($ in thousands):
|
| | | |
Cash | $ | 88,489 |
|
Net proceeds of borrowings | 462,794 |
|
Less: financing related to assets previously acquired | (69,927 | ) |
Net purchase price | $ | 481,356 |
|
We incurred $6.2 million and $6.9 million of acquisition costs related to the HB Acquisition during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which are included in acquisition and integration costs in the consolidated statement of operations. In addition, our acquisition and integration costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 include $18.0 million in relation to the MSA Amendment Agreement (as defined in Note 7).
We recognized $6.8 million of revenues and $3.6 million of net loss related to the operations of HavenBrook and the RHA Acquired Properties in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations, we have performed a preliminary allocation of the purchase related to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the HB Acquisition. The assets and liabilities of HavenBrook and RHA were recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The final allocation of purchase price will be determined when the Company has completed the detailed valuations and necessary calculations, which are not expected to, but may, differ materially from the pro forma amounts included herein. The final allocation may include (i) changes in allocations to land and building of rental properties, (ii) changes in allocations to real estate assets held for sale, (iii) changes in allocations to intangible assets such as goodwill or in-place lease assets or (iv) other changes to assets and liabilities. The preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration is as follows ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | |
Land | | $ | 82,739 |
|
Rental residential properties | | 282,914 |
|
Real estate assets held for sale | | 94,946 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents | | 9,255 |
|
Restricted cash | | 4,780 |
|
Accounts receivable, net | | 1,778 |
|
Goodwill | | 13,376 |
|
In-place lease intangible assets (1) (2) | | 6,462 |
|
Other assets (2) | | 1,784 |
|
Total assets acquired | | 498,034 |
|
| | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | 16,678 |
|
Total liabilities assumed | | 16,678 |
|
| | |
Total preliminary allocation of purchase price | | $ | 481,356 |
|
__________________
| |
(1) | The value of in-place leases is being amortized over the weighted average remaining life of the leases, which was approximately eight months as of the acquisition date. |
| |
(2) | Included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
The goodwill recorded on the consolidated balance sheet represents the expected synergies to be achieved from the internalization of property management.
Supplemental pro forma financial information (unaudited)
The following supplemental pro forma financial information summarizes our results of operations as if the HB Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2017 ($ in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Unaudited pro forma revenues | $ | 53,560 |
| | $ | 35,792 |
| | $ | 159,278 |
| | $ | 102,176 |
|
Unaudited pro forma net loss | $ | (49,962 | ) | | $ | (48,823 | ) | | $ | (106,816 | ) | | $ | (168,664 | ) |
Pro forma loss per basic common share | $ | (0.93 | ) | | $ | (0.91 | ) | | $ | (2.00 | ) | | $ | (3.15 | ) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding - basic | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
| | 53,525,792 |
| | 53,508,881 |
|
Pro forma loss per diluted common share | $ | (0.93 | ) | | $ | (0.91 | ) | | $ | (2.00 | ) | | $ | (3.15 | ) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding - diluted | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
| | 53,525,792 |
| | 53,508,881 |
|
The following table presents the adjustments included for each period ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Revenues from consolidated statements of operations | $ | 48,313 |
| | $ | 23,665 |
| | $ | 128,984 |
| | $ | 66,413 |
|
Add: historical revenues not reflected in consolidated statements of operations | 5,247 |
| | 12,127 |
| | 30,294 |
| | 35,763 |
|
Unaudited pro forma revenues | $ | 53,560 |
| | $ | 35,792 |
| | $ | 159,278 |
| | $ | 102,176 |
|
| | | | | | | |
Net loss from consolidated statements of operations | $ | (47,933 | ) | | $ | (42,916 | ) | | $ | (96,619 | ) | | $ | (147,980 | ) |
Plus: historical net loss not reflected in consolidated statements of operations | (3,034 | ) | | (3,680 | ) | | (9,785 | ) | | (12,365 | ) |
Adjustment for pro forma depreciation and amortization | 2,075 |
| | 879 |
| | 5,679 |
| | 877 |
|
Adjustment for pro forma interest expense | (1,070 | ) | | (3,106 | ) | | (6,091 | ) | | (9,196 | ) |
Unaudited pro forma net loss | $ | (49,962 | ) | | $ | (48,823 | ) | | $ | (106,816 | ) | | $ | (168,664 | ) |
The supplemental pro forma financial information for all periods presented was adjusted to reflect real estate depreciation and amortization on the acquired properties and related intangible assets and interest expense on the related financing. The supplemental pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017, nor does it purport to represent or be indicative of the results of operations for future periods.
HOME Flow Transaction
On March 30, 2017, we entered into an agreement to acquire up to 3,500 SFR properties (the “HOME Flow Transaction”) from entities (the “Sellers”) sponsored by Amherst Holdings, LLC (“Amherst”), pursuant to which we acquired 3,465 SFR properties in three separate closings during 2017.
| |
• | In the first closing on March 30, 2017, our indirect wholly owned subsidiary, HOME SFR Borrower II, LLC (“HOME Borrower II”), acquired 757 SFR properties for an aggregate purchase price of $106.5 million. The purchase price was funded with approximately $79.9 million in a seller financing arrangement (the “HOME II Loan Agreement,” see Note 6), representing 75% of the aggregate purchase price, as well as $26.6 million of cash on hand. We capitalized $1.5 million of acquisition costs related to this portfolio acquisition. The value of in-place leases was estimated at $2.4 million based upon the costs we would have incurred to lease the properties and was amortized over the weighted average remaining life of the leases of approximately seven months as of the acquisition date. |
| |
• | In the second closing on June 29, 2017, our indirect wholly owned subsidiary, HOME SFR Borrower III, LLC (“HOME Borrower III”), acquired 751 SFR properties for an aggregate purchase price of $117.1 million. The purchase price was funded with approximately $87.8 million in a seller financing arrangement (the “HOME III Loan Agreement,” see Note 6), representing 75% of the aggregate purchase price, as well as $29.3 million of cash on hand. We capitalized $1.3 million of acquisition costs related to this portfolio acquisition. The value of in-place leases was estimated at $2.0 million based upon the costs we would have incurred to lease the properties and was amortized over the weighted average remaining life of the leases of approximately nine months as of the acquisition date. |
| |
• | In the third and final closing on November 29, 2017, our wholly owned subsidiary, HOME SFR Borrower IV, LLC (“HOME Borrower IV”) acquired 1,957 SFR properties for an aggregate purchase price of $305.1 million. The purchase price was funded with approximately $228.8 million in two separate seller financing arrangements (the “HOME IV Loan Agreements,” see Note 6), representing 75% of the aggregate purchase price, as well as $76.3 million of cash on hand. We capitalized $1.9 million of acquisition costs related to this portfolio acquisition. The value of in-place leases was estimated at $5.9 million based on the costs we would have incurred to lease the properties and was amortized over the weighted average remaining life of the leases of approximately seven months as of the acquisition date. In accordance with the related purchase and sale agreement, certain of the properties are subject to potential purchase price adjustments, which will be based on the rental rates achieved for the properties within 24 months after the closing date. Because such future rental rates are unknown, we are unable to predict the ultimate adjustments, if any, that will be made to the initial aggregate purchase price at this time (see Note 7). |
For each closing under the HOME Flow Transaction, we allocated the purchase price, including capitalized acquisition costs, based on the relative fair value of the properties acquired.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we acquired 12 and 66 SFR properties, respectively, under our other acquisition programs for an aggregate purchase price of $1.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we acquired 10 and 27 residential properties under our other acquisition programs for an aggregate purchase price of $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
Real estate dispositions
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold 72 and 402 properties, respectively. Net proceeds of these sales were $10.9 million and $71.1 million, respectively, and we recorded $3.7 million and $29.0 million, respectively, of net realized gain on sales of real estate, which is recorded as a component of net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold 450 and 1,385 REO properties, respectively. Net proceeds of these sales were $68.4 million and $201.7 million, respectively, and we recorded $21.4 million and $62.1 million, respectively, of net realized gains on real estate.
Mortgage loans
Mortgage loan dispositions and resolutions
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we resolved 5 and 26 mortgage loans, respectively, primarily through short sales, refinancing and foreclosure sales. Net proceeds of these resolutions were $0.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively, and we recorded $0.5 million and $(0.5) million of net realized loss on mortgage loans, respectively, which is recorded as a component of net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold 0 and 2,660 mortgage loans, respectively, and we resolved 11 and 122 mortgage loans, respectively, primarily through short sales, refinancing and foreclosure sales. Net proceeds of these sales and resolutions were $0.1 million (net of $(2.8) million of post-closing price adjustments related to prior sales) and $463.8 million, respectively, and we recorded $(2.7) million and $73.1 million of net realized gain (loss) on mortgage loans, respectively.
Transfers of mortgage loans to real estate owned
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, our transfers of mortgage loans to or from REO were not significant.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we transferred an aggregate of 13 and 274 mortgage loans to REO, respectively, at an aggregate fair value based on BPOs of $1.5 million and $42.3 million, respectively. These transfers were offset by the reversion of 13 REO properties to mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Such transfers occur when the foreclosure sale is complete; however, subsequent to a foreclosure sale, we may be notified that the foreclosure sale was invalidated for certain reasons. In connection with these transfers to REO, we recorded $0.8 million and $15.2 million in change in unrealized gain on mortgage loans, respectively, that resulted from marking the properties to their most current market value.
The following table presents the components of net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gain on mortgage loans due to: | | | | | | | |
Conversion of mortgage loans to REO, net | $ | 1,540 |
| | $ | 765 |
| | $ | 1,824 |
| | $ | 15,243 |
|
Change in fair value, net | 81 |
| | 3,549 |
| | 187 |
| | 2,219 |
|
Reclassification to realized gain or loss | (4,622 | ) | | (32,442 | ) | | (31,220 | ) | | (175,279 | ) |
Total change in unrealized gain on mortgage loans | (3,001 | ) | | (28,128 | ) | | (29,209 | ) | | (157,817 | ) |
Net realized gain (loss) on mortgage loans | 503 |
| | (2,700 | ) | | (508 | ) | | 73,077 |
|
Net realized gain on sales of real estate | 3,675 |
| | 21,369 |
| | 28,954 |
| | 62,132 |
|
Net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans | $ | 1,177 |
| | $ | (9,459 | ) | | $ | (763 | ) | | $ | (22,608 | ) |
3. Real Estate Assets, Net
Real estate held for use
As of September 30, 2018, we had 14,895 single-family residential properties held for use. Of these properties, 13,562 had been leased, 424 were listed and ready for rent, 479 were in unit turn status, 122 were in varying stages of renovation and 238 were being prepared for future disposal. With respect to the remaining 70 REO properties, we will make a final determination whether each property meets our rental profile.
As of December 31, 2017, we had 12,241 single-family residential properties held for use. Of these properties, 10,850 had been leased, 591 were listed and ready for rent, 340 were in unit turn status, 194 were in varying stages of renovation and 69 were being prepared for future disposal. With respect to the remaining 197 REO properties, we were in the process of determining whether these properties would meet our rental profile.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a nominal amount of impairment on real estate held for use. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized $0.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of impairment on real estate held for use, all of which related to our properties under evaluation for rental strategy.
Real estate held for sale
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our real estate held for sale included 588 and 333 properties, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $126.8 million and $75.7 million, respectively. Management determined to divest these properties because they do not meet our residential rental property investment criteria. Our real estate held for sale as of September 30, 2018 includes 448 leased properties.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $1.3 million and $11.0 million, respectively, of valuation impairment on our real estate assets held for sale. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized $7.4 million and $26.2 million, respectively, of valuation impairment on our real estate held for sale.
4. Mortgage Loans
The following table sets forth information related to our mortgage loans at fair value, the related unpaid principal balance and market value of underlying properties by delinquency status as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Loans | | Fair Value and Carrying Value | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Market Value of Underlying Properties |
September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | |
Current | | 16 |
| | $ | 1,785 |
| | $ | 2,229 |
| | $ | 3,746 |
|
30 days past due | | 2 |
| | 91 |
| | 123 |
| | 170 |
|
90 days past due | | 15 |
| | 393 |
| | 4,692 |
| | 4,259 |
|
Foreclosure | | 43 |
| | 5,406 |
| | 12,465 |
| | 14,405 |
|
Mortgage loans at fair value | | 76 |
| | $ | 7,675 |
| | $ | 19,509 |
| | $ | 22,580 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | |
Current | | 17 |
| | $ | 1,528 |
| | $ | 2,380 |
| | $ | 3,156 |
|
30 days past due | | 1 |
| | 51 |
| | 139 |
| | 70 |
|
60 days past due | | 3 |
| | 304 |
| | 344 |
| | 630 |
|
90 days past due | | 23 |
| | 720 |
| | 7,674 |
| | 6,498 |
|
Foreclosure | | 67 |
| | 8,874 |
| | 18,813 |
| | 20,820 |
|
Mortgage loans at fair value | | 111 |
| | $ | 11,477 |
| | $ | 29,350 |
| | $ | 31,174 |
|
5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table sets forth the carrying value and fair value of our financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
| Carrying Value | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets | | Observable Inputs Other Than Level 1 Prices | | Unobservable Inputs |
September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | |
Recurring basis (assets) | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans at fair value | $ | 7,675 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,675 |
|
Interest rate cap derivative (1) | 345 |
| | — |
| | 345 |
| | — |
|
Not recognized on condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value (liabilities) | | | | | | | |
Repurchase and loan agreements | 1,696,931 |
| | — |
| | 1,704,728 |
| | — |
|
| | | | | | | |
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | |
Recurring basis (assets) | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans at fair value | $ | 11,477 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 11,477 |
|
Not recognized on consolidated balance sheets at fair value (liabilities) |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Repurchase and loan agreements | 1,270,157 |
| | — |
| | 1,276,315 |
| | — |
|
_____________
| |
(1) | Included within prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
We have not transferred any assets from one level to another level during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or during the year ended December 31, 2017.
The fair values of our mortgage loans are estimated based on (i) market information, to the extent available and as adjusted for factors specific to individual mortgage loans, or (ii) as determined by AAMC's proprietary discounted cash flow model. The fair value of our interest rate cap derivative is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the contractual terms of the derivative.
The following table sets forth the changes in our mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Mortgage loans at fair value, beginning balance | $ | 9,778 |
| | $ | 67,738 |
| | $ | 11,477 |
| | $ | 568,480 |
|
Net gain on mortgage loans | 785 |
| | 2,311 |
| | 1,143 |
| | 8,433 |
|
Mortgage loan dispositions, resolutions and payments | (841 | ) | | (1,355 | ) | | (2,847 | ) | | (469,328 | ) |
Real estate tax advances to borrowers | 68 |
| | 261 |
| | 164 |
| | 3,513 |
|
Selling costs on loans held for sale | — |
| | (406 | ) | | (83 | ) | | (1,457 | ) |
Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate owned, net | (2,115 | ) | | (1,228 | ) | | (2,179 | ) | | (42,320 | ) |
Mortgage loans at fair value, ending balance | $ | 7,675 |
| | $ | 67,321 |
| | $ | 7,675 |
| | $ | 67,321 |
|
| | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gain on mortgage loans at fair value held at the end of the period | $ | 158 |
| | $ | 2,237 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (308 | ) |
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of certain of our mortgage loans are discount rates, forecasts of future home prices, alternate loan resolution probabilities, resolution timelines and the value of underlying properties. Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. A decline in the discount rate in isolation would increase the fair value. A decrease in the housing pricing index in isolation would decrease the fair value. Individual loan characteristics such as location and value of underlying collateral affect the loan resolution probabilities and timelines. An increase in the loan resolution timeline in isolation would decrease the fair value. A decrease in the value of underlying properties in isolation would decrease the fair value.
The following table sets forth quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of certain of our mortgage loans:
|
| | | | |
Input | | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
Equity discount rate | | 17.0% | | 17.0% |
Debt to asset ratio | | 65.0% | | 65.0% |
Cost of funds | | 3.5% over 1 month LIBOR | | 3.5% over 1 month LIBOR |
Annual change in home pricing index | | -0.65% to 8.78% | | -1.71% to 9.07% |
Loan resolution probabilities — modification | | 0% to 5.9% | | 0% to 5.9% |
Loan resolution probabilities — liquidation | | 48.6% to 100% | | 49.5% to 100% |
Loan resolution probabilities — paid in full | | 0% to 48.4% | | 0% to 47.4% |
Loan resolution timelines (in years) | | 0.1 to 5.8 | | 0.1 to 5.3 |
Value of underlying properties | | $55,000 to $2,400,000 | | $45,000 to $2,250,000 |
6. Borrowings
Our operating partnership and certain of its Delaware statutory trust and/or limited liability company subsidiaries, as applicable, have entered into master repurchase agreements and loan agreements to finance the acquisition and ownership of the SFR properties, other REO properties and the remaining mortgage loans in our portfolio. We have effective control of the assets associated with these agreements and therefore have concluded these are financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2018, the average annualized interest rate on borrowings under our repurchase and loan agreements was 4.73%, excluding amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and loan discounts.
The following table sets forth data with respect to our repurchase and loan agreements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Maximum Borrowing Capacity | | Book Value of Collateral | | Amount Outstanding | | Amount of Available Funding |
September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | |
CS Repurchase Agreement due November 16, 2018 | | $ | 350,000 |
| | $ | 230,938 |
| | $ | 179,686 |
| | $ | 170,314 |
|
Nomura Loan Agreement due April 5, 2020 (1) | | 250,000 |
| | 49,670 |
| | 31,083 |
| | 218,917 |
|
MSR Loan Agreement due November 9, 2018 (2) | | 489,259 |
| | 613,144 |
| | 489,259 |
| | — |
|
HOME II Loan Agreement due November 9, 2019 (3) | | 83,270 |
| | 101,166 |
| | 83,270 |
| | — |
|
HOME III Loan Agreement due November 9, 2019 (3) | | 89,150 |
| | 112,478 |
| | 89,150 |
| | — |
|
HOME IV Loan Agreement (A) due December 9, 2022 | | 114,201 |
| | 146,537 |
| | 114,201 |
| | — |
|
HOME IV Loan Agreement (B) due December 9, 2022 | | 114,590 |
| | 147,569 |
| | 114,590 |
| | — |
|
Term Loan Agreement due April 6, 2022 | | 100,000 |
| | 115,240 |
| | 100,000 |
| | — |
|
FYR SFR Loan Agreement due September 1, 2028 | | 508,700 |
| | 588,787 |
| | 508,700 |
| | — |
|
Less: unamortized loan discount | | — |
| | — |
| | (5,211 | ) | | — |
|
Less: deferred debt issuance costs | | — |
| | — |
| | (7,797 | ) | | — |
|
| | $ | 2,099,170 |
| | $ | 2,105,529 |
| | $ | 1,696,931 |
| | $ | 389,231 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | |
CS Repurchase Agreement due November 16, 2018 | | $ | 350,000 |
| | $ | 281,722 |
| | $ | 189,173 |
| | $ | 160,827 |
|
Nomura Loan Agreement due April 5, 2018 | | 250,000 |
| | 169,521 |
| | 102,785 |
| | 147,215 |
|
MSR Loan Agreement due November 9, 2018 (2) | | 489,259 |
| | 622,065 |
| | 489,259 |
| | — |
|
HOME II Loan Agreement due November 9, 2019 (3) | | 83,270 |
| | 103,324 |
| | 83,270 |
| | — |
|
HOME III Loan Agreement due November 9, 2019 (3) | | 89,150 |
| | 114,698 |
| | 89,150 |
| | — |
|
HOME IV Loan Agreement (A) due December 9, 2022 | | 114,201 |
| | 149,698 |
| | 114,201 |
| | — |
|
HOME IV Loan Agreement (B) due December 9, 2022 | | 114,590 |
| | 150,718 |
| | 114,590 |
| | — |
|
Term Loan Agreement due April 6, 2022 | | 100,000 |
| | 116,250 |
| | 100,000 |
| | — |
|
Less: unamortized loan discount | | — |
| | — |
| | (6,158 | ) | | — |
|
Less: deferred debt issuance costs | | — |
| | — |
| | (6,113 | ) | | — |
|
| | $ | 1,590,470 |
| | $ | 1,707,996 |
| | $ | 1,270,157 |
| | $ | 308,042 |
|
_____________
| |
(1) | Represents initial maturity date. Does not include a potential additional one-year extension to April 5, 2021. |
| |
(2) | On October 19, 2018, we exercised our option to extend the maturity of the MSR Loan Agreement to November 9, 2019. We have the option to extend the maturity date for up to two additional one-year extensions. |
| |
(3) | Represents initial maturity date. We have the option to extend the maturity date for up to three successive one-year extensions. |
Our business model relies to a significant degree on both short-term financing and longer duration asset-backed financing arrangements, and we generally do not carry sufficient liquid funds to retire any of our short-term obligations upon their maturity. Prior to or upon such short-term maturities, management generally expects to (1) refinance the remaining outstanding short-term facilities, obtain additional financing or replace the short-term facilities with longer-term facilities and (2) continue
to liquidate non-rental REO properties and certain mortgage loans, which will generate cash to reduce the related financing. We are in continuous dialogue with our lenders, and we are currently not aware of any circumstances that would adversely affect our ability to complete such refinancings. We believe we will be successful in our efforts to refinance or obtain additional financing based on our recent success in renewing our outstanding facilities and obtaining additional financing with new counterparties and our ongoing relationships with lenders.
CS Repurchase Agreement
Credit Suisse (“CS”) is the lender on the repurchase agreement entered into on March 22, 2013, (the “CS Repurchase Agreement”) with an initial aggregate maximum borrowing capacity of $100.0 million. The CS Repurchase Agreement has been amended on several occasions, ultimately increasing the maximum borrowing capacity to $350.0 million as of September 30, 2018. The maturity date of the CS Repurchase Agreement is November 16, 2018, and we expect to renew this facility upon maturity. At September 30, 2018, an aggregate of $179.7 million was outstanding under the CS Repurchase Agreement.
Under the terms of the CS Repurchase Agreement, as collateral for the funds drawn thereunder, subject to certain conditions, our operating partnership and/or one or more of our limited liability company subsidiaries will sell to the lender equity interests in the Delaware statutory trust subsidiary that owns the applicable underlying mortgage or REO assets on our behalf, or the trust will directly sell such underlying mortgage assets. In the event the lender determines the value of the collateral has decreased, the lender has the right to initiate a margin call and require us, or the applicable trust subsidiary, to post additional collateral or to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings. The price paid by the lender for each mortgage or REO asset we finance under the CS Repurchase Agreement is based on a percentage of the market value of the mortgage or REO asset and, in the case of mortgage assets, may depend on its delinquency status. With respect to funds drawn under the CS Repurchase Agreement, our applicable subsidiary is required to pay the lender interest monthly and certain other customary fees, administrative costs and expenses to maintain and administer the CS Repurchase Agreement. We do not collateralize any of our repurchase facilities with cash. The CS Repurchase Agreement is fully guaranteed by us.
On September 4, 2018 we amended and restated our repurchase agreement with CS to, among other things, modify the interest rate from the CS cost of funds rate plus a fixed spread of 2.75% to one-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.00%, resulting in a net lower cost of financing to us.
The CS Repurchase Agreement requires us to maintain various financial and other covenants, including maintaining a minimum adjusted tangible net worth, a maximum ratio of indebtedness to adjusted tangible net worth and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, the CS Repurchase Agreement contains customary events of default.
Nomura Loan Agreement
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas, LLC (“Nomura”) is the lender under a loan agreement dated April 10, 2015 (the “Nomura Loan Agreement”) with an initial aggregate maximum funding capacity of $100.0 million. The Nomura Loan Agreement has been amended on several occasions, ultimately increasing the maximum funding capacity to $250.0 million ($150.0 million of which was uncommitted but available to us subject to our meeting certain eligibility requirements) as of September 30, 2018. The maturity date of the Nomura Loan Agreement is April 5, 2020, with a potential additional one-year extension to April 5, 2021. As of September 30, 2018, we had an aggregate of $31.1 million outstanding under the Nomura Loan Agreement.
Under the terms of the Nomura Loan Agreement, subject to certain conditions, Nomura may advance funds to us from time to time, with such advances collateralized by SFR properties and other REO properties. The advances paid under the Nomura Loan Agreement with respect to the applicable properties from time to time will be based on a percentage of the market value of the properties. We may be required to repay a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Nomura Loan Agreement should the loan-to-value ratio of the funded collateral decline. Under the terms of the Nomura Loan Agreement, we are required to pay interest monthly based on the one-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.00% and certain other customary fees, administrative costs and expenses in connection with Nomura's structuring, management and ongoing administration of the facility. The Nomura Loan Agreement is fully guaranteed by us.
The Nomura Loan Agreement requires us to maintain various financial and other covenants, including a minimum adjusted tangible net worth, a maximum ratio of indebtedness to adjusted tangible net worth and specified levels of unrestricted cash. In addition, the Nomura Loan Agreement contains events of default (subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods), including payment defaults, breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties, cross-defaults, certain material
adverse changes, bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings and other events of default customary for this type of transaction. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the Nomura Loan Agreement and the liquidation by Nomura of the SFR and REO properties then subject thereto.
Seller Financing Arrangements
We have entered into the following seller financing arrangements:
| |
• | In connection with the seller financing related to our acquisition of 4,262 properties on September 30, 2016 (the “HOME SFR Transaction”), we entered into a loan agreement (the “MSR Loan Agreement”) between HOME Borrower, the sellers and MSR Lender, LLC (“MSR Lender”), as agent. Pursuant to the MSR Loan Agreement, HOME Borrower borrowed approximately $489.3 million from the Lenders (the “MSR Loan”). Effective October 14, 2016, the MSR Loan Agreement was assigned to MSR Lender and, in connection with MSR Lender’s securitization of the MSR Loan, we and MSR Lender amended and restated the MSR Loan Agreement to match the terms of the bonds in MSR Lender's securitization of the MSR Loan. The aggregate amount and the aggregate interest rate of the MSR Loan remained unchanged from the original loan agreement. The MSR Loan is a floating rate loan with eight floating rate components. Interest is computed and settled monthly based on one-month LIBOR plus a weighted average fixed spread of 3.285%. The initial maturity date of the MSR Loan is November 9, 2018, with borrower option to extend the initial maturity date for three successive one-year terms to an ultimate maturity date of November 9, 2021, provided, among other things, that there is no event of default under the MSR Loan Agreement on each maturity date. On October 19, 2018, HOME Borrower exercised the option to extend the maturity date to November 9, 2019. The MSR Loan is secured by the membership interests of HOME Borrower and the properties and other assets of HOME Borrower. |
On September 29, 2016, we entered into an interest rate cap to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion of the MSR Loan Agreement. See Note 10.
| |
• | In connection with the seller financing related to the first closing under the HOME Flow Transaction on March 30, 2017, HOME Borrower II entered into the HOME II Loan Agreement with entities sponsored by Amherst, pursuant to which we initially borrowed approximately $79.9 million. On November 13, 2017, HOME Borrower II entered into an amended and restated loan agreement. Pursuant to the amended and restated HOME II Loan Agreement, our borrowings thereunder have increased to $83.3 million, the weighted average fixed-rate spread over one-month LIBOR decreased from 2.75% to 2.10% and the initial maturity date was changed from October 9, 2019 to November 9, 2019. HOME Borrower II pays interest on the outstanding principal balance monthly. HOME Borrower II has the option to extend the HOME II Loan Agreement beyond the initial maturity date for three successive one-year extensions, provided, among other things, that there is no event of default under the HOME II Loan Agreement on each maturity date. The HOME II Loan Agreement is secured by the membership interests of HOME Borrower II and the properties and other assets of HOME Borrower II. The HOME II Loan Agreement is also cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with the HOME III Loan Agreement. |
On October 16, 2018, we entered into an interest rate cap to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion of the HOME II Loan Agreement. See Note 10.
| |
• | In connection with the seller financing related to the second closing under the HOME Flow Transaction on June 29, 2017, HOME Borrower III entered into the HOME III Loan Agreement with entities sponsored by Amherst, pursuant to which we initially borrowed approximately $87.8 million. On November 13, 2017, HOME Borrower III entered into an amended and restated loan agreement. Pursuant to the amended and restated HOME III Loan Agreement, our borrowings thereunder have increased to $89.1 million, the weighted average fixed-rate spread over one-month LIBOR decreased from 2.30% to 2.10% and the initial maturity date was changed from October 9, 2019 to November 9, 2019. HOME Borrower III pays interest on the outstanding principal balance monthly. HOME Borrower III has the option to extend the HOME III Loan Agreement beyond the initial maturity date for three successive one-year extensions, provided, among other things, that there is no event of default under the HOME III Loan Agreement on each maturity date. The HOME III Loan Agreement is secured by the membership interests of HOME Borrower III and the properties and other assets of HOME Borrower III. The HOME III Loan Agreement is also cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with the HOME II Loan Agreement. |
On October 16, 2018, we entered into an interest rate cap to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion of the HOME III Loan Agreement. See Note 10.
| |
• | In connection with the seller financing related to the third and final closing under the HOME Flow Transaction on November 29, 2017, HOME Borrower IV entered into two separate loan agreements with entities sponsored by Amherst, pursuant to which we borrowed $114.2 million pursuant to the first loan agreement and $114.6 million pursuant to the second loan agreement. The HOME IV Loan Agreements have a fixed interest rate of 4.00% and a maturity date of December 9, 2022. HOME Borrower IV pays interest on the outstanding principal balance monthly. The HOME IV Loan Agreements are secured by first priority mortgages on a portion of the properties acquired in the third and final closing under the HOME Flow Transaction. |
Under the terms of the MSR Loan Agreement, the HOME II Loan Agreement, the HOME III Loan Agreement and the HOME IV Loan Agreements, each of the facilities are non-recourse to us and are secured by a lien on the membership interests of HOME Borrower, HOME Borrower II, HOME Borrower III, HOME Borrower IV and the acquired properties and other assets of each entity, respectively. The assets of each entity are the primary source of repayment and interest on their respective loan agreements, thereby making the cash proceeds of rent payments and any sales of the acquired properties the primary sources of the payment of interest and principal by each entity to the respective lenders. Each of the loan agreements require that the applicable borrower comply with various affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for loans of this type, including limitations on the indebtedness each entity can incur, limitations on sales and dispositions of the properties collateralizing the respective loan agreements, minimum net asset requirements and various restrictions on the use of cash generated by the operations of such properties while the respective loan agreements are outstanding. Each loan agreement also includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which would allow the respective lenders to accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. We have limited indemnification obligations for wrongful acts taken by HOME Borrower, HOME Borrower II, HOME Borrower III or HOME Borrower IV under their respective loan agreements in connection with the secured collateral.
Even though the MSR Loan Agreement, the HOME II Loan Agreement, the HOME III Loan Agreement and the HOME IV Loan Agreements are non-recourse to us and all of our subsidiaries other than the entities party to the respective loan agreements, we have agreed to limited bad act indemnification obligations to the respective lenders for the payment of (i) certain losses arising out of certain bad or wrongful acts of our subsidiaries that are party to the respective loan agreements and (ii) the principal amount of each of the facilities and all other obligations thereunder in the event we cause certain voluntary bankruptcy events of the respective subsidiaries party to the loan agreements. Any of such liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and/or our financial condition.
Terms and covenants related to the Term Loan Agreement
On April 6, 2017, RESI TL1 Borrower, LLC (“TL1 Borrower”), our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a credit and security agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) with American Money Management Corporation, as agent, on behalf of Great American Life Insurance Company and Great American Insurance Company as initial lenders, with the potential to add other lenders from time to time as a party to the Term Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the Term Loan Agreement, TL1 Borrower borrowed $100.0 million to finance the ownership and operation of SFR properties. The Term Loan Agreement has a maturity date of April 6, 2022 and a fixed interest rate of 5.00%. TL1 Borrower pays interest on the outstanding principal balance monthly.
The Term Loan Agreement requires that the TL1 Borrower comply with various affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for loans of this type, including, without limitation, reporting requirements to the agent; maintenance of minimum levels of liquidity, indebtedness and tangible net worth; limitations on sales and dispositions of the properties collateralizing the Term Loan Agreement and various restrictions on the use of cash generated by the operations of the properties while the Term Loan Agreement is outstanding. We may be required to make prepayments of a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Agreement under certain circumstances, including certain levels of declines in collateral value. The Term Loan Agreement also includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which would allow the lenders to accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. The Term Loan Agreement is non-recourse to us and is secured by a lien on the membership interests of TL1 Borrower and the properties and other assets of TL1 Borrower. The assets of TL1 Borrower are the primary source of repayment and interest on the Term Loan Agreement, thereby making the cash proceeds received by TL1 Borrower from rent payments and any sales of the underlying properties the primary sources of the payment of interest and principal by TL1 Borrower to the lenders. We have limited indemnification obligations for wrongful acts taken by TL1 Borrower and RESI TL1 Pledgor, LLC, the sole member of TL1 Borrower, in connection with the secured collateral for the Term Loan Agreement.
FYR SFR Loan Agreement
On August 8, 2018, FYR SFR Borrower, LLC ("FYR SFR Borrower"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into loan agreement (the "FYR SFR Loan Agreement") with Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC, as lender ("Berkadia") for $508.7 million, secured by 2,798 of the RHA Acquired Properties as well as 2,015 other properties already owned by us and previously financed on our existing warehouse facilities with other lenders (the "FYR SFR Collateral Properties"). The FYR SFR Loan Agreement was originated as part of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation’s (“Freddie Mac”) single-family rental pilot program and has been purchased from Berkadia by Freddie Mac.
The FYR SFR Loan Agreement is interest only, with a fixed interest rate of 4.65% and a 10-year term, maturing on September 1, 2028. FYR SFR Borrower pays interest on the outstanding principal balance monthly. The FYR SFR Loan Agreement is secured by first priority mortgages on the FYR SFR Collateral Properties and the equity interests of FYR SFR Borrower.
The FYR SFR Loan Agreement requires that FYR SFR Borrower comply with various affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for loans of this type, including limitations on indebtedness FYR SFR Borrower can incur, limitations on sales and dispositions of the FYR SFR Collateral Properties and various restrictions on the use of cash generated by the operations of the SFR Collateral Properties while the FYR SFR Loan Agreement is outstanding.
Compliance with Covenants
We are currently in compliance with the covenants and other requirements with respect to each of the repurchase and loan agreements. We monitor our lending partners’ ability to perform under the repurchase and loan agreements and have concluded there is currently no reason to doubt that they will continue to perform under the repurchase and loan agreements as contractually obligated.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation, claims and assessments
Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is contained in the “Commitments and Contingencies” note in the financial statements provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We establish reserves for specific legal proceedings when we determine that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We do not currently have any reserves for our legal proceedings. The following updates and restates the description of the previously reported Martin v Altisource Residential Corporation et al. matter:
Martin v. Altisource Residential Corporation et al.
On March 27, 2015, a putative shareholder class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court of the Virgin Islands by a purported shareholder of the Company under the caption Martin v. Altisource Residential Corporation, et al., 15-cv-00024. The action names as defendants the Company, our former Chairman, William C. Erbey, and certain officers and a former officer of the Company and alleges that the defendants violated federal securities laws by, among other things, making materially false statements and/or failing to disclose material information to the Company's shareholders regarding the Company's relationship and transactions with AAMC, Ocwen Financial Corporation (“Ocwen”) and Home Loan Servicing Solutions, Ltd. These alleged misstatements and omissions include allegations that the defendants failed to adequately disclose the Company's reliance on Ocwen and the risks relating to its relationship with Ocwen, including that Ocwen was not properly servicing and selling loans, that Ocwen was under investigation by regulators for violating state and federal laws regarding servicing of loans and Ocwen’s lack of proper internal controls. The complaint also contains allegations that certain of the Company's disclosure documents were false and misleading because they failed to disclose fully the entire details of a certain asset management agreement between the Company and AAMC that allegedly benefited AAMC to the detriment of the Company's shareholders. The action seeks, among other things, an award of monetary damages to the putative class in an unspecified amount and an award of attorney’s and other fees and expenses.
In May 2015, two of our purported shareholders filed competing motions with the court to be appointed lead plaintiff and for selection of lead counsel in the action. Subsequently, opposition and reply briefs were filed by the purported shareholders with respect to these motions. On October 7, 2015, the court entered an order granting the motion of Lei Shi to be lead plaintiff and denying the other motion to be lead plaintiff.
On January 23, 2016, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint.
On March 22, 2016, defendants filed a motion to dismiss all claims in the action. The plaintiffs filed opposition papers on May 20, 2016, and the defendants filed a reply brief in support of the motion to dismiss the amended complaint on July 11, 2016.
On November 14, 2016, the Martin case was reassigned to Judge Anne E. Thompson of the United States District Court of New Jersey. In a hearing on December 19, 2016, the parties made oral arguments on the motion to dismiss, and on March 16, 2017 the Court issued an order that the motion to dismiss had been denied. On April 17, 2017, the defendants filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court’s decision to deny the motion to dismiss. On April 21, 2017, the defendants filed their answer and affirmative defenses. Plaintiff filed an opposition to defendants’ motion for reconsideration on May 8, 2017. On May 30, 2017, the Court issued an order that the motion for reconsideration had been denied. Discovery has commenced and is ongoing.
We believe this complaint is without merit. At this time, we are not able to predict the ultimate outcome of this matter, nor can we estimate the range of possible loss, if any.
MSA Amendment Agreement
In connection with the acquisition of HavenBrook, on August 8, 2018, we and Altisource S.à r.l., a wholly owned subsidiary of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (“ASPS”), entered into an amendment (the “MSA Amendment Agreement”) to the Master Services Agreement (the “MSA”). Pursuant to the MSA, Altisource S.à r.l. had been the exclusive provider of leasing and property management services to us and each of our subsidiaries. Under the terms of the MSA Amendment Agreement, we agreed to acquire certain property management resources owned by Altisource S.à r.l., and the exclusivity provisions with respect to the renovation and property management provisions have been terminated in order to allow us to internalize the property management function related to the rental properties managed by Altisource S.à r.l.. Following a transition period ending December 31, 2018 (the “Transition Period”), the MSA will be terminated in its entirety in respect of the property management services set forth in the MSA. Subject to certain conditions, the title insurance services statement of work under the MSA will remain in place until the fourth anniversary of the MSA Amendment Agreement. In addition, Altisource S.à r.l. agreed to continue to provide certain services for an ongoing fee, including property preservation, maintenance, valuation, and sale brokerage services, with respect to approximately 300 of our remaining non-rental legacy assets until such properties are sold.
In exchange for the property management resources to be acquired and the above-described amendments, including the termination of the exclusivity provision of the MSA, we agreed to pay an aggregate of (x) $15.0 million upon the signing of the MSA Amendment Agreement and (y) $3.0 million, which will be paid on the earlier to occur of (i) a change of control of us or (ii) August 8, 2023.
Amendment and Waiver Agreement with Altisource S.à r.l.
In connection with the HOME SFR Transaction and to enable Main Street Renewal, LLC (“MSR”) to be property manager for the acquired properties, we and Altisource S.à r.l. entered into an Amendment and Waiver Agreement (the “Amendment and Waiver Agreement”) to amend the Master Services Agreement (the “MSA”) between Altisource S.à r.l. and us, dated December 21, 2012, under which Altisource S.à r.l. was the exclusive provider of leasing and property management services to us. Pursuant to the Amendment and Waiver Agreement, we obtained a waiver of the exclusivity requirements under the MSA for the properties acquired in the HOME SFR Transaction and the HOME Flow Transaction. The Amendment and Waiver Agreement also amended the MSA to require us or any surviving entity to pay a significant liquidation fee to Altisource S.à r.l. in certain circumstances. On August 8, 2018, the Amendment and Waiver Agreement was superseded by the MSA Amendment Agreement, as described above.
Potential purchase price adjustments under the HOME Flow Transaction
Certain of the properties acquired on November 29, 2017 in the third and final closing under the HOME Flow Transaction are subject to potential purchase price adjustments in accordance with the related purchase and sale agreement, which may result in an upward or downward adjustment of up to 10% of the purchase price, or an aggregate of up to $18.3 million, related to the affected properties. The purchase price adjustment will be determined based on the rental rates achieved for the properties within 24 months after the closing date. Because such future rental rates of the properties are unknown, we are unable to predict the ultimate adjustments, if any, that will be made to the initial purchase price related to such properties at this time.
8. Related-Party Transactions
Asset management agreement with AAMC
On March 31, 2015, we entered into our current asset management agreement (the “AMA”) with AAMC. The AMA, which became effective on April 1, 2015, provides for a management fee structure as follows:
| |
• | Base Management Fee. AAMC is entitled to a quarterly base management fee equal to 1.5% of the product of (i) our average invested capital (as defined in the AMA) for the quarter multiplied by (ii) 0.25, while we have fewer than 2,500 SFR properties actually rented (“Rental Properties”). The base management fee percentage increases to 1.75% of invested capital while we have between 2,500 and 4,499 Rental Properties and increases to 2.0% of invested capital while we have 4,500 or more Rental Properties; |
| |
• | Incentive Management Fee. AAMC is entitled to a quarterly incentive management fee equal to 20% of the amount by which our return on invested capital (based on AFFO defined as our net income attributable to holders of common stock calculated in accordance with GAAP plus real estate depreciation expense minus recurring capital expenditures on all of our real estate assets owned) exceeds an annual hurdle return rate of between 7.0% and 8.25% (or 1.75% and 2.06% per quarter), depending on the 10-year treasury rate. To the extent that we have an aggregate shortfall in its return rate over the previous seven quarters, that aggregate return rate shortfall gets added to the normal quarterly return hurdle for the next quarter before AAMC is entitled to an incentive management fee. The incentive management fee increases to 22.5% while we have between 2,500 and 4,499 Rental Properties and increases to 25% while we have 4,500 or more Rental Properties; and |
| |
• | Conversion Fee. AAMC is entitled to a quarterly conversion fee equal to 1.5% of the market value of the SFR homes leased by us for the first time during the applicable quarter. |
Because we have more than 4,500 Rental Properties, AAMC is entitled to receive a base management fee of 2.0% of our invested capital and a potential incentive management fee percentage of 25% of the amount by which we exceed our then-required return on invested capital threshold.
We have the flexibility to pay up to 25% of the incentive management fee to AAMC in shares of our common stock.
Under the AMA, we reimburse AAMC for the compensation and benefits of the General Counsel dedicated to us and certain other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by AAMC on our behalf.
The AMA requires that AAMC continue to serve as our exclusive asset manager for an initial term of 15 years from April 1, 2015, with two potential five-year extensions, subject to our achieving an average annual return on invested capital of at least 7.0%.
Neither party is entitled to terminate the AMA prior to the end of the initial term, or each renewal term, other than termination by (a) us and/or AAMC “for cause” for certain events such as a material breach of the AMA and failure to cure such breach, (b) us for certain other reasons such as our failure to achieve a return on invested capital of at least 7.0% for two consecutive fiscal years after the third anniversary of the AMA and (c) us in connection with certain change of control events.
If the AMA were terminated by AAMC, our financial position and future prospects for revenues and growth could be materially adversely affected.
Summary of related-party transactions
The following table presents our significant transactions with AAMC, which is a related party, for the periods indicated ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Base management fees (1) | $ | 3,613 |
| | $ | 3,966 |
| | $ | 10,984 |
| | $ | 12,176 |
|
Conversion fees (1) | 35 |
| | 163 |
| | 151 |
| | 1,201 |
|
Expense reimbursements (2) | 286 |
| | 300 |
| | 767 |
| | 706 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Included in management fees to AAMC in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. |
| |
(2) | Included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. |
No incentive management fee under the AMA has been payable to AAMC to date because our return on invested capital (as defined in the AMA) was below the cumulative required hurdle rate. Under the AMA, to the extent we have an aggregate shortfall in our return rate over the previous seven quarters, that aggregate return rate shortfall gets added to the normal quarterly 1.75% return hurdle for the next quarter before AAMC is entitled to an incentive management fee. As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate return shortfall from the prior seven quarters under the AMA was approximately 40.68% of invested capital. In future quarters, return on invested capital must exceed the required hurdle for the current quarter plus any carried-forward cumulative additional hurdle shortfall from the prior seven quarters before any incentive management fee will be payable to AAMC.
9. Share-Based Payments
2016 Equity Incentive Plan
Our non-management directors each received annual grants of restricted stock units issued under the Company's 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Equity Incentive Plan”). These restricted stock units are eligible for settlement in the number of shares of our common stock having a fair market value of $75,000 for the 2018-2019 service year ($60,000 for the 2017-2018 service year) on the date of grant. Subject to accelerated vesting in limited circumstances, the restricted stock units vest on the earlier of the first anniversary of the date of grant or the next annual meeting of stockholders, with distribution mandatorily deferred for an additional two years thereafter until the third anniversary of grant (subject to earlier distribution or forfeiture upon the respective director’s separation from the Board of Directors). The awards were issued together with dividend equivalent rights. In respect of dividends paid to our stockholders prior to the vesting date, dividend equivalent rights accumulate and are expected to be paid in a lump sum in cash following the vesting date, contingent on the vesting of the underlying award. During any period thereafter when the award is vested but remains subject to settlement, dividend equivalent rights are expected to be paid in cash on the same timeline as underlying dividends are paid to our stockholders.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we granted an aggregate of 35,984 and 23,727 restricted stock units, respectively, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $10.64 and $14.28 per share, respectively. In addition, upon the separation of one of the members of our Board of Directors on March 26, 2018, 701 of his previously issued restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $14.30 were forfeited.
We have also made grants of restricted stock units and stock options to certain employees of AAMC with service-based or market-based vesting criteria. Our service-based awards vest in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to acceleration or forfeiture. Our market-based awards vest in three equal annual installments on the first, second and third anniversary of the later of (i) the date of the award and (ii) the date of the satisfaction of certain performance criteria, subject to acceleration or forfeiture. The performance criteria is satisfied on the date on which the sum of (a) the average price per share for the consecutive 20-trading-day period ending on such date plus (b) the amount of all reinvested dividends, calculated on a per-share basis from the date of grant through such date, shall equal or exceed 125% of the price per share on the date of grant (the “Performance Goal”); provided however that the Performance Goal must be attained no later than the fourth anniversary of the grant date. In the event that the Performance Goal is not attained prior to the fourth anniversary of the grant date, the market-based awards shall expire.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 299,576 service-based restricted stock units and 219,894 market-based restricted stock units to employees of AAMC with a weighted average grant date fair value of $10.64 per
share and $8.47 per share, respectively. In addition, during this period, 36,007 service-based restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $12.73 per share were forfeited.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 247,906 service-based restricted stock units and 567,227 market-based stock options to employees of AAMC with a weighted average grant date fair value of $14.30 per share and $3.17 per share, respectively. In addition, on August 8, 2017, 17,802 serviced-based restricted stock units granted to certain employees of AAMC with a weighted average grant date fair value of $11.80 were canceled.
We recorded $1.2 million and $1.9 million and of share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and we recorded $0.4 million and $2.8 million of share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $5.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of unrecognized share-based compensation cost remaining with respect to awards granted under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan to be recognized over a weighted average remaining estimated term of 1.3 years and 1.2 years, respectively.
Prior to the second quarter of 2018, our share-based compensation awarded to employees of AAMC fluctuated with changes in the market value of our common stock, among other factors. In the second quarter of 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-07: Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which we adopted effective April 1, 2018. This adoption resulted in (i) the fair value of share-based compensation awards granted to management of AAMC prior to April 1, 2018 being fixed at the transition date fair value and (ii) the fair value of awards granted subsequent to April 1, 2018 to be measured at the grant date fair value, thus eliminating periodic fluctuations of share-based compensation expense that previously arose from changes in our common stock price.
2012 Conversion Option Plan and 2012 Special Conversion Option Plan
On December 21, 2012, as part of our separation transaction from ASPS, we issued stock options under the 2012 Conversion Option Plan and 2012 Special Conversion Option Plan to holders of ASPS stock options to purchase shares of our common stock in a ratio of one share of our common stock to every three shares of ASPS common stock. The options were granted as part of our separation to employees of ASPS and/or Ocwen solely to give effect to the exchange ratio in the separation, and we do not include share-based compensation expense related to these options in our consolidated statements of operations because they are not related to our incentive compensation. As of September 30, 2018, options to purchase an aggregate of 43,499 shares of our common stock were remaining under the Conversion Option Plan and Special Conversion Option Plan.
10. Derivatives
We may enter into derivative contracts from time to time in order to mitigate the risk associated with our variable rate debt. We do not enter into derivatives for investment purposes. Derivatives are carried at fair value within prepaid expenses and other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Upon execution, we may or may not designate such derivatives as accounting hedges.
On September 29, 2016, we entered into an interest rate cap to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion of the MSR Loan Agreement. The interest rate cap has a strike rate on one-month LIBOR of 2.938%, a notional amount of $489.3 million and a termination date of November 15, 2018. On March 16, 2018, we paid a premium of $0.9 million to amend the strike rate to 1.80%. At September 30, 2018, the interest rate cap had a fair value of $0.3 million. At December 31, 2017, the interest rate cap had a nominal fair value. We did not designate the interest rate cap as an accounting hedge; therefore, changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap are recorded as a component of interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a reduction to interest expense of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, since the one-month LIBOR exceeded the strike rate.
On October 16, 2018, we entered into two interest rate caps to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion of the HOME II Loan Agreement and the HOME III Loan Agreement. The interest rate caps each have a strike rate on one-month LIBOR of 2.30%, notional amounts equal to the amount outstanding under each respective loan agreement and termination dates of October 15, 2022. We paid an aggregate premium of $5.8 million upon execution of these two interest rate caps.
On November 2, 2018, we entered into an interest rate cap to manage the economic risk of increases in the floating rate portion related to our financing of the collateral under the MSR Loan Agreement. The interest rate cap has a strike rate on one-month LIBOR of 2.50%, a notional amount is $505.0 million and a termination date of May 9, 2024. We paid a premium of $21.1 million upon execution of this interest rate cap.
11. Income Taxes
As a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains) to our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we distribute our REIT taxable income to our stockholders and provided we satisfy the REIT requirements, including certain asset, income, distribution and stock ownership tests. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year in which our REIT qualification was lost. As a REIT, we may also be subject to federal taxes if we engage in certain types of transactions.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), which is subject to federal, state and local income taxes on its taxable income. From inception through September 30, 2018, the TRS has operated at a cumulative taxable loss, which resulted in our recording a deferred tax asset with a corresponding valuation allowance.
As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, we did not accrue interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits. We recorded nominal state and local tax expense along with nominal penalties and interest on income and property for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
On February 16, 2017, the IRS opened an examination of the 2014 tax year of the TRS. On May 30, 2017, we received confirmation from the IRS that the examination of the TRS’s 2014 tax year was closed without any changes.
12. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the components of diluted loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Numerator | | | | | | | |
Net loss | $ | (47,933 | ) | | $ | (42,916 | ) | | $ | (96,619 | ) | | $ | (147,980 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Denominator | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common stock outstanding – basic | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
| | 53,525,792 |
| | 53,508,881 |
|
Weighted average common stock outstanding – diluted | 53,601,208 |
| | 53,408,288 |
| | 53,525,792 |
| | 53,508,881 |
|
| | | | | | | |
Loss per basic common share | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | (0.80 | ) | | $ | (1.81 | ) | | $ | (2.77 | ) |
Loss per diluted common share | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | (0.80 | ) | | $ | (1.81 | ) | | $ | (2.77 | ) |
We excluded the items presented below from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as they were antidilutive for the periods indicated:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Denominator (in weighted-average shares) | | | | | | | |
Stock options | 88,203 |
| | 154,698 |
| | 86,114 |
| | 171,240 |
|
Restricted stock | 224,489 |
| | 136,190 |
| | 222,722 |
| | 167,320 |
|
Pursuant to the AMA, we have the flexibility to pay up to 25% of the incentive management fee to AAMC in shares of our common stock. Should we choose to do so, our earnings available to common stockholders would be diluted to the extent of such issuance. Because AAMC did not earn any incentive management fees, no dilutive effect occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
13. Segment Information
Our primary business is the acquisition and ownership of SFR assets. Our primary sourcing strategy is to acquire these assets by purchasing SFR properties, either on an individual basis or in pools. As a result, we operate in a single segment focused on the acquisition and ownership of rental residential properties.
14. Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated the impact of all events subsequent to September 30, 2018 and through the issuance of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements. We have determined that there were no subsequent events other than those already disclosed that require adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Our Company
Front Yard Residential Corporation, (“we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company”) is an industry leader in providing quality, affordable rental homes to America’s families in a variety of suburban communities that have easy accessibility to metropolitan areas. Our tenants enjoy the space and comfort that is unique to single-family housing at reasonable prices. Our mission is to provide our tenants with affordable houses they are proud to call home.
We are a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and we conduct substantially all of our activities through our wholly owned subsidiary, Front Yard Residential, L.P., and its subsidiaries. We conduct a single-family rental (“SFR”) business with an objective of becoming one of the top SFR equity REITs serving American families and their communities.
On August 8, 2018, we acquired HavenBrook Partners, LLC (“HavenBrook”), a full-service property management company and a Delaware limited liability company. The acquisition of HavenBrook provides us with an internal property manager and the opportunity to build an efficient, scalable platform that is intended to provide customers with excellent service and allow the Company to benefit from economies of scale that will enhance long-term shareholder value. Upon the acquisition of HavenBrook, we commenced the internalization of our property management function. In addition to HavenBrook, we have property management contracts with Altisource S.à r.l., a wholly owned subsidiary of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (“ASPS”), and Main Street Renewal, LLC (“MSR”) for, among other things, leasing and lease management, operations, maintenance, repair, property management and property disposition services for certain of our SFR and REO portfolios. We are in the process of transferring the property management of our SFR properties currently serviced by Altisource S.à r.l. to HavenBrook and anticipate completing that transition in the fourth quarter of 2018. We anticipate that all SFR properties acquired in the future will also be managed by HavenBrook.
Our strategy is to build long-term shareholder value through the efficient management and continued growth of our portfolio of SFR homes, which we target to operate at an attractive yield. We believe there is a compelling opportunity in the SFR market and that we have implemented the right strategic plan to capitalize on the sustained growth in SFR demand. We target the moderately priced single-family home market that, in our view, offers optimal yield opportunities and one of the best-available avenues for growth.
In order to achieve this goal, we are focused on (i) migrating our existing portfolio of SFR homes onto the HavenBrook property management structure and maximizing its scale and operating efficiencies; (ii) identifying and acquiring large portfolios and smaller pools of high-yielding SFR properties; (iii) selling certain non-rental real estate owned (“REO”) properties that do not meet our targeted rental criteria and mortgage loans to generate cash that we may reinvest in acquiring additional SFR properties and (iv) when deemed necessary or advisable, extending the duration of our financing arrangements to better match the long-term nature of our rental portfolio and, at times, reducing our exposure to floating interest rate fluctuations.
We are managed by Altisource Asset Management Corporation (“AAMC” or our “Manager”), on which we rely to provide us with dedicated personnel to administer certain aspects of our business and perform certain of our corporate governance functions. AAMC also provides oversight of our acquisition and management of SFR properties and the ongoing disposition and management of our remaining REO properties and residential mortgage loans.
Management Overview
On August 8, 2018, we achieved two significant milestones. First, we completed the acquisition of an additional 3,236 SFR properties (the “RHA Acquired Properties”), expanding our SFR portfolio to approximately 15,000 homes. This acquisition enhanced our presence in existing strategic target markets, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Minnesota. Second, we completed the acquisition of HavenBrook, which managed the RHA Acquired Properties. HavenBrook provides us with an internal property management service company that we expect will allow us to provide excellent service to our tenants with an efficient and cost-effective property management platform. The combined purchase price was $485.0 million. We refer to this transaction as the “HB Acquisition.”
As of October 31, 2018, we have transitioned 2,245 ASPS-managed homes onto the newly acquired HavenBrook property management platform. We anticipate that the remainder of the ASPS-managed homes will be transitioned to HavenBrook before December 31, 2018.
In conjunction with the HB Acquisition, Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC (“Berkadia”) provided $508.7 million of financing (the “FYR SFR Loan Agreement”) as part of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation’s (“Freddie Mac”) affordable single-family rental pilot program. The FYR SFR Loan Agreement is interest only, bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.65% and has a 10-year term, maturing September 1, 2028. This financing includes 2,798 of the RHA Acquired Properties as well as 2,015 other properties already owned by us and previously financed on our existing warehouse facilities with other lenders (the “FYR SFR Collateral Properties”). Approximately 78% of the homes financed pursuant to the FYR SFR Loan Agreement have rents that are considered affordable for families earning at or below 80% of the area median income (“AMI”). Moreover, approximately 93% of the units are affordable for families earning at or below 100% of AMI. We believe this further solidifies our value proposition as a leading provider of affordable single-family rental housing.
In addition to this transformative transaction, during the third quarter of 2018, we continued to liquidate our remaining non-rental REO properties and mortgage loans with only 133 such properties and only 76 loans remaining at September 30, 2018. In addition, we continually evaluate the performance of our SFR portfolio and market certain rental properties for sale that do not meet our strategic objectives, and we have identified 763 former rental properties for sale as of September 30, 2018. These property sales allow us to improve our operating efficiency, further simplify our statement of operations and balance sheet and to recycle capital to purchase pools of stabilized rental homes at attractive yields, to repurchase common stock or to utilize the proceeds for such other purposes as we determine will best serve our stockholders.
On September 4, 2018, we amended and restated our repurchase agreement with Credit Suisse (“CS”) to, among other things, modify the interest rate from the CS cost of funds rate plus a fixed spread of 2.75% to one-month LIBOR plus a fixed spread of 3.00%, resulting in a net lower cost of financing for us.
We believe the foregoing developments are critical to our strategy of building long-term stockholder value through the creation of a large portfolio of internally managed SFR homes that we target operating at an attractive yield.
Portfolio Overview
Real Estate Assets
The following table presents the number of real estate assets by status as of the dates indicated:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Held for Use | | Held for Sale | | Total Portfolio |
September 30, 2018 | Stabilized | | Non-Stabilized | | Total | | |
Rental properties: | | | | | | | | | |
Leased | 13,562 |
| | — |
| | 13,562 |
| | 448 |
| | 14,010 |
|
Listed and ready for rent | 406 |
| | 18 |
| | 424 |
| | 14 |
| | 438 |
|
Unit turn | 479 |
| | — |
| | 479 |
| | 8 |
| | 487 |
|
Renovation | — |
| | 122 |
| | 122 |
| | 1 |
| | 123 |
|
Total rental properties | 14,447 |
| | 140 |
| | 14,587 |
| |
| |
|
Previous rentals identified for sale | — |
| | 238 |
| | 238 |
| | 54 |
| | 292 |
|
Legacy REO | — |
| | 70 |
| | 70 |
| | 63 |
| | 133 |
|
| 14,447 |
| | 448 |
| | 14,895 |
| | 588 |
| | 15,483 |
|
December 31, 2017 | | | | | | |
| | |
Rental properties: | | | | | | | | | |
Leased | 10,850 |
| | — |
| | 10,850 |
| | — |
| | 10,850 |
|
Listed and ready for rent | 550 |
| | 41 |
| | 591 |
| | — |
| | 591 |
|
Unit turn | 320 |
| | 20 |
| | 340 |
| | — |
| | 340 |
|
Renovation | — |
| | 194 |
| | 194 |
| | — |
| | 194 |
|
Total rental properties | 11,720 |
| | 255 |
| | 11,975 |
| | | | |
Previous rentals identified for sale | — |
| | 69 |
| | 69 |
| | 40 |
| | 109 |
|
Legacy REO | — |
| | 197 |
| | 197 |
| | 293 |
| | 490 |
|
| 11,720 |
| | 521 |
| | 12,241 |
| | 333 |
| | 12,574 |
|
We define a property as stabilized once it has been renovated and then initially leased or available for rent for a period greater than 90 days. All other homes are considered non-stabilized. Homes are considered stabilized even after subsequent resident turnover. However, homes may be removed from the stabilized home portfolio and placed in the non-stabilized home portfolio due to renovation during the home lifecycle or because they are identified for sale. At September 30, 2018, 93.9% of our stabilized properties were leased.
The following table sets forth a summary of our real estate portfolio as of September 30, 2018 ($ in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
State | | Number of Properties | | Carrying Value (1) (2) | | Average Age in Years |
Georgia | | 4,365 |
| | $ | 484,534 |
| | 36 |
|
Florida | | 2,103 |
| | 314,061 |
| | 40 |
|
Texas | | 1,972 |
| | 290,740 |
| | 28 |
|
Tennessee | | 1,475 |
| | 210,368 |
| | 23 |
|
North Carolina | | 874 |
| | 119,125 |
| | 25 |
|
Alabama | | 723 |
| | 83,081 |
| | 41 |
|
Indiana | | 668 |
| | 85,605 |
| | 23 |
|
Minnesota | | 487 |
| | 74,178 |
| | 87 |
|
Missouri | | 420 |
| | 61,634 |
| | 39 |
|
Oklahoma | | 306 |
| | 44,662 |
| | 27 |
|
All other rentals | | 1,194 |
| | 179,449 |
| | 36 |
|
Total rental properties held for use | | 14,587 |
| | 1,947,437 |
| | 35 |
|
Rental properties held for sale | | 525 |
| | 108,028 |
| | 49 |
|
Previous rentals identified for sale | | 238 |
| | 41,024 |
| | 44 |
|
Total rental properties | | 15,350 |
| | 2,096,489 |
| | 35 |
|
Legacy REO | | 133 |
| | 35,742 |
| | 51 |
|
Total | | 15,483 |
| | $ | 2,132,231 |
| | 35 |
|
_____________
| |
(1) | The carrying value of an asset held for use is based on historical cost plus renovation costs, net of any accumulated depreciation and impairment. Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell. |
| |
(2) | The carrying value of properties acquired in the November 29, 2017 closing of the HOME Flow Transaction (described below) are included based upon the initial purchase price, certain of which are subject to potential purchase price adjustment provisions as set forth in the purchase and sale agreement. |
Real Estate Acquisitions
On August 8, 2018,we acquired all of the equity interests of HavenBrook and three real estate investment trusts owned by Rental Home Associates, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“RHA”), for an aggregate purchase price of $485.0 million. The assets of the entities acquired from RHA include 3,236 single-family rental properties. This purchase was accounted for as a business combination.
On March 30, 2017, we entered into an agreement to acquire up to 3,500 SFR properties from the entities (the “Sellers”) sponsored by Amherst Holdings, LLC (“Amherst”) in multiple closings (the “HOME Flow Transaction”), pursuant to which we acquired 3,465 SFR properties in three separate closings during 2017.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we acquired 12 and 66 SFR properties under our other acquisition programs for an aggregate purchase price of $1.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we acquired 10 and 27 residential properties under our other acquisition programs for an aggregate purchase price of $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
Real Estate Dispositions
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold 72 and 402 properties, respectively, and we recorded $3.7 million and $29.0 million, respectively, of net realized gain on sales of real estate, which is recorded as a component of net gain (loss) on real estate and mortgage loans in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold 450 and 1,385 properties, respectively, and we recorded $21.4 million and $62.1 million, respectively, of net realized gains on real estate.
The following table summarizes changes in our real estate assets for the periods indicated:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Beginning count of real estate assets | 12,297 |
| | 11,391 |
| | 12,574 |
| | 10,533 |
|
Acquisitions | 3,248 |
| | 10 |
| | 3,302 |
| | 1,535 |
|
Dispositions | (72 | ) | | (450 | ) | | (402 | ) | | (1,385 | ) |
Mortgage loan conversions to REO, net (1) | 10 |
| | — |
| | 9 |
| | 261 |
|
Other additions | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 6 |
|
Ending count of real estate assets | 15,483 |
| | 10,950 |
| | 15,483 |
| | 10,950 |
|
_____________ | |
(1) | Subsequent to the foreclosure sale, we may be notified that the foreclosure sale was invalidated for certain reasons. |
Mortgage Loan Assets
As of September 30, 2018, we had 76 remaining mortgage loans with an aggregate UPB of approximately $19.5 million and an aggregate market value of underlying properties of approximately $22.6 million. As of December 31, 2017, we had 111 mortgage loans with an aggregate UPB of approximately $29.4 million and an aggregate market value of underlying properties of $31.2 million.
Mortgage Loan Resolutions and Dispositions
During 2017, we sold the substantial majority of our mortgage loans. We expect to continue to sell or resolve our remaining mortgage loans. The following table summarizes changes in our mortgage loans at fair value for the periods indicated:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Mortgage Loans at Fair Value | | | | | | | |
Beginning | 91 |
| | 442 |
|
| 111 |
| | 3,474 |
|
Sales and resolutions | (5 | ) | | (11 | ) |
| (26 | ) | | (2,782 | |