UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-K

 

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

OR

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 1-4601

 

Schlumberger N.V.

(Schlumberger Limited)

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number in the United States, including area code, is: (713) 375-3400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES ¨ NO þ

As of June 30, 2013, the aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $94.8 billion.

As of December 31, 2013, the number of shares of common stock outstanding was 1,307,330,369.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain information required to be furnished pursuant to Part III of this Form 10-K is set forth in, and is hereby incorporated by reference herein from, Schlumberger’s definitive proxy statement for its 2014 Annual General Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed by Schlumberger with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2013 (the “2014 Proxy Statement”).

 

 

 

 

SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED

Table of Contents

Form 10-K

 

 

 

 

PART I

 

Item 1. Business.

All references in this report to “Registrant,” “Company,” “Schlumberger,” “we” or “our” are to Schlumberger Limited (Schlumberger N.V., incorporated in Curaçao) and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

Founded in 1926, Schlumberger is the world’s leading supplier of technology, integrated project management and information solutions to the international oil and gas exploration and production industry. Having invented wireline logging as a technique for obtaining downhole data in oil and gas wells, Schlumberger today provides the industry’s widest range of products and services from exploration through production. As of December 31, 2013, the Company employed approximately 123,000 people of over 140 nationalities operating in approximately 85 countries. Schlumberger has principal executive offices in Paris, Houston and The Hague.  

 

Schlumberger operates in each of the major oilfield service markets, managing its business through three Groups: Reservoir Characterization, Drilling and Production.  Each Group consists of a number of technology-based service and product lines, or Technologies.  These Technologies cover the entire life cycle of the reservoir and correspond to a number of markets in which Schlumberger holds leading positions.  The business is also reported through four geographic Areas: North America, Latin America, Europe/CIS/Africa and Middle East & Asia. Within these Areas, a network of GeoMarket* regions provides logistical, technical and commercial coordination.

 

The role of the Groups and Technologies is to ensure that Schlumberger provides the best possible service to customers and that it remains at the forefront of technology development.  The Groups and Technologies are collectively responsible for driving excellence in execution throughout their businesses, overseeing operational processes, resource allocation, personnel and delivering superior financial results. The GeoMarket structure offers customers a single point of contact at the local level for field operations and brings together geographically focused teams to meet local needs and deliver customized solutions. The Areas and GeoMarkets are responsible for providing the most efficient and cost effective support possible to the operations.

 

The Groups are as follows:

 

Reservoir Characterization Group – Consists of the principal Technologies involved in finding and defining hydrocarbon resources.  These include WesternGeco, Wireline, Testing Services, Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS) and PetroTechnical Services.  WesternGeco seismic acquisition services and PetroTechnical Services interpretation solutions combine to provide the industry’s most extensive multiclient library.

 

 

Drilling Group – Consists of the principal Technologies involved in the drilling and positioning of oil and gas wells and comprises Bits & Advanced Technologies, M-I SWACO, Geoservices, Drilling & Measurements, Drilling Tools & Remedial and Integrated Project Management well construction projects.

 

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Production Group – Consists of the principal Technologies involved in the lifetime production of oil and gas reservoirs and includes Well Services, Completions, Artificial Lift, Well Intervention, Water Services, Carbon Services and Schlumberger Production Management field production projects.

 

 

Schlumberger has a 40% equity ownership interest in OneSubsea^TM, a joint venture with Cameron International Corporation (“Cameron”).  The joint venture manufactures and develops products, systems and services for the subsea oil and gas market.  Schlumberger’s 40% share of the net income of the joint venture is reflected in the results of the Production Group.

Schlumberger also offers customers its services through business models known as Integrated Project Management (IPM), for well construction projects, and Schlumberger Production Management (SPM), for field production projects. These models combine the required services and products of the Technologies with drilling rig management, specialized engineering and project management expertise to provide a complete solution to well construction and production improvement.

 

IPM projects are typically of multiyear duration and include start-up costs and significant third-party components that cover services that Schlumberger does not provide directly.  Projects may be fixed price in nature and may contain penalties for non-performance.  

 

SPM commercial arrangements create alignment between Schlumberger and the asset holder and/or the operator whereby Schlumberger receives remuneration in line with its value creation.  These projects are generally focused on developing and co-managing production of Schlumberger’s customers’ mature assets under long-term agreements.  Schlumberger will invest its own services and products, and in some cases cash into the asset.  Schlumberger is generally not paid for services and products at the time of providing the services or upon delivery of the products.  Instead, Schlumberger is generally compensated on a fee-per-barrel basis for any incremental production Schlumberger helps deliver above a mutually agreed baseline.

 

Supporting the Technologies is a global network of research and engineering centers. Through this organization, Schlumberger is committed to advanced technology programs that enhance oilfield efficiency, lower finding and producing costs, improve productivity, maximize reserve recovery and increase asset value while accomplishing these goals in a safe and environmentally sound manner.

 

Managed outside the Group structure is Schlumberger Business Consulting, which helps oil and gas companies achieve fast and sustainable performance improvements.  

 

Schlumberger primarily uses its own personnel to market its offerings. The customer base, business risks and opportunities for growth are essentially uniform across all services. There is a sharing of manufacturing and engineering facilities as well as research centers, and the labor force is interchangeable. Technological innovation, quality of service and price differentiation are the principal methods of competition, which varies geographically with respect to the different services offered. While there are numerous competitors, both large and small, Schlumberger believes that it is an industry leader in providing wireline logging, well testing, drilling and completion fluids, coiled-tubing, drill bits,  measurement-while-drilling, logging-while-drilling and directional drilling services, mud logging, as well as fully computerized logging and geoscience software and computing services. A large proportion of Schlumberger offerings is non-rig related; consequently, revenue does not necessarily correlate to rig count fluctuations.

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GENERAL

Intellectual Property

Schlumberger and its affiliates own and control a variety of intellectual property, including but not limited to patents, proprietary information and software tools and applications that, in the aggregate, are material to Schlumberger’s business. While Schlumberger seeks and holds numerous patents covering various products and processes, no particular patent or group of patents is considered material to Schlumberger’s business.

Seasonality

Seasonal changes in weather and significant weather events can temporarily affect the delivery of oilfield services. For example, the spring thaw in Canada and consequent road restrictions can affect activity levels, while the winter months in the North Sea, Russia and China can produce severe weather conditions which typically result in reduced levels of activity. Hurricanes and typhoons can disrupt coastal and offshore operations. Additionally, customer spending patterns for multiclient data, software and other oilfield services and products generally result in higher activity in the fourth quarter of each year as clients seek to utilize their annual budgets.

Customers and Backlog of Orders

For the year ended December 31, 2013, no single customer exceeded 10% of consolidated revenue. Other than WesternGeco, Schlumberger has no significant backlog due to the nature of its businesses. The WesternGeco backlog, which is based on signed contracts with customers, was $0.9 billion at December 31, 2013 ($1.0 billion at December 31, 2012).

Financial Information

Financial information by business segment and geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is provided in Note 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Executive Officers of Schlumberger

The following table sets forth, as of January 31, 2014, the names and ages of the executive officers of Schlumberger, including all offices and positions held by each for at least the past five years.

 

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Available Information

The Schlumberger Internet website is www.slb.com. Schlumberger uses its Investor Relations website, www.slb.com/ir, as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and financial information. Schlumberger makes available free of charge on or through its Investor Relations website at www.slb.com/ir access to its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, its proxy statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers, and amendments to each of those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after

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such material is filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Alternatively, you may access these reports at the SEC’s Internet website at www.sec.gov. Copies are also available, without charge, from Schlumberger Investor Relations, 5599 San Felipe, 17^th Floor, Houston, Texas 77056.  Unless expressly noted, the information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this Form 10-K or any other filing Schlumberger makes with the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

The following discussion of risk factors contains important information for the understanding our “forward-looking statements,” which are discussed immediately following Item 7A. of this Form 10-K and elsewhere. These risk factors should also be read in conjunction with Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in this Form 10-K.

We urge you to consider carefully the risks described below, as well as in other reports and materials that we file with the SEC and the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. If any of the risks described below or elsewhere in this Form 10-K were to materialize, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Demand for the majority of our services is substantially dependent on the levels of expenditures by the oil and gas industry. A substantial or an extended decline in oil and gas prices could result in lower expenditures by the oil and gas industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Demand for the majority of our services depends substantially on the level of expenditures by the oil and gas industry for the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas reserves. These expenditures are generally dependent on the industry’s view of future oil and natural gas prices and are sensitive to the industry’s view of future economic growth and the resulting impact on demand for oil and natural gas. Declines, as well as anticipated declines, in oil and gas prices could also result in project modifications, delays or cancellations, general business disruptions, and delays in payment of, or nonpayment of, amounts that are owed to us. These effects could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The prices for oil and natural gas have historically been volatile and can be affected by a variety of factors, including:

The oil and gas industry has historically experienced periodic downturns, which have been characterized by diminished demand for oilfield services and downward pressure on the prices we charge. A significant downturn in the oil and gas industry could result in a reduction in demand for oilfield services and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our non-United States operations, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business in each of the approximately 85 countries in which we operate.

Our non-United States operations accounted for approximately 73% of our consolidated revenue in 2013, 72% in 2012 and 71% in 2011. Operations in countries other than the United States are subject to various risks, including:

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In addition, we are subject to risks associated with our operations in countries, including Sudan and Cuba, that are subject to trade and economic sanctions or other restrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations. United States law enforcement authorities are currently conducting a grand jury investigation and an associated regulatory inquiry related to our historical operations in countries that are subject to United States trade and economic sanctions. If any of the risks described above materialize, or if any governmental investigation results in criminal or civil penalties or other remedial measures, it could reduce our earnings and our cash available for operations.

We are also subject to risks related to investment in our common stock in connection with certain US state divestment or investment limitation legislation applicable to companies with operations in these countries, and similar actions by some private investors, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

During 2013, certain non-US subsidiaries of Schlumberger provided oilfield services to the National Iranian Oil Company and certain of its affiliates (“NIOC”). Schlumberger’s 2013 revenue attributable to this activity was $102 million, which resulted in a net loss of $69 million. During the second quarter of 2013, Schlumberger completed the wind down of its service operations in Iran. As a result, Schlumberger has reclassified the results of this business as a discontinued operation. All prior periods have been restated accordingly.

Schlumberger’s activity in Iran during 2013 included obtaining services from and engaging in other dealings with the government of Iran that were incidental to operating in Iran, and the expenses of which are reflected in the results disclosed above. These services and other dealings consisted of paying taxes, duties, license fees and other typical governmental charges, along with payments for utilities, transportation, hotel accommodations, facility rentals, telecommunications services, newspaper advertisements, recreational and fitness memberships, and the purchase of routine office and similar supplies from entities associated with the government of Iran. Collections of amounts owed to Schlumberger for services rendered in Iran were received in part by depository accounts held by two non-US subsidiaries of Schlumberger at a branch of Bank Saderat Iran (“Saderat”), and in part by a depositary account held by one of such non-US subsidiaries at Bank Tejarat (“Tejarat”) in Tehran. The accounts at Tejarat are also used in connection with payment of expenses incidental to collection of amounts owed to Schlumberger for prior services.  The accounts at Saderat are maintained solely for the deposit by NIOC of amounts owed to non-US subsidiaries of Schlumberger for prior services. One of the non-US subsidiaries also maintained a depository account at Bank Sarmayeh (“Sarmayeh”) which, together with the account at Tejarat, was maintained for the payment of expenses such as payroll expenses, rental payments and taxes. In addition, NIOC maintained bank accounts at Bank Melli Iran (“Melli”) through which it made payments to a non-US subsidiary of Schlumberger for services provided in Iran under letters of credit issued by Melli. Schlumberger maintains no bank accounts at Melli. Schlumberger has discontinued dealings with Melli and Sarmayeh, and anticipates that it will discontinue its dealings with  Saderat and Tejarat following the receipt of all amounts owed to Schlumberger for prior services rendered in Iran.

Environmental compliance costs and liabilities could reduce our earnings and cash available for operations.

We are subject to increasingly stringent laws and regulations relating to importation and use of hazardous materials, radioactive materials and explosives and to environmental protection, including laws and regulations governing air emissions, hydraulic fracturing, water discharges and waste management. We incur, and expect to continue to incur, capital and operating costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations. The technical requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement. These laws may provide for “strict liability” for remediation costs, damages to natural resources or threats to public health and safety. Strict liability can render a party liable for damages without regard to negligence or fault on the part of the party. Some environmental laws provide for joint and several strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of hazardous substances.

We use and generate hazardous substances and wastes in our operations. In addition, many of our current and former properties are, or have been, used for industrial purposes. Accordingly, we could become subject to material liabilities relating to the investigation and cleanup of potentially contaminated properties, and to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as the result of exposures to, or releases of, hazardous substances. In addition, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, new laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new or increased requirements could require us to incur costs or become the basis of new or increased liabilities that could reduce our earnings and our cash available for operations.

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We could be subject to substantial liability claims, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The technical complexities of our operations are such that we are exposed to a wide range of significant health, safety and environmental risks. Our offerings involve production-related activities, radioactive materials, explosives and other equipment and services that are deployed in challenging exploration, development and production environments. An accident involving these services or equipment, or a failure of a product, could cause personal injury, loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, equipment or the environment, or suspension of operations. Our insurance may not protect us against liability for some kinds of events, including events involving pollution, or against losses resulting from business interruption. Moreover, we may not be able to maintain insurance at levels of risk coverage or policy limits that we deem adequate. Any damages caused by our services or products that are not covered by insurance, or are in excess of policy limits or are subject to substantial deductibles, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Demand for our products and services could be reduced by changes in governmental regulations or in the law.

Some international, national and state governments and agencies are currently evaluating and promulgating climate-related legislation and regulations that are focused on restricting greenhouse gas emissions. Such legislation, as well as government initiatives to conserve energy or to promote the use of alternative energy sources, may significantly curtail demand for and production of fossil fuels such as oil and gas in areas of the world where our customers operate and thus adversely affect future demand for our services, which may in turn adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Some international, national and state governments and agencies have also adopted laws and regulations or are evaluating proposed legislation and regulations that are focused on the extraction of shale gas or oil using hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation treatment routinely performed on oil and gas wells in low-permeability reservoirs. Specially engineered fluids are pumped at high pressure and rate into the reservoir interval to be treated, causing cracks in the target formation. Proppant, such as sand of a particular size, is mixed with the treatment fluid to keep the cracks open when the treatment is complete. Future hydraulic fracturing-related legislation or regulations could lead to operational delays and increased costs and, therefore, reduce demand for our pressure pumping services. If such additional international, national or state legislation or regulations are enacted, it could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If we are unable to maintain technology leadership, this could adversely affect any competitive advantage we hold.

If we are unable to continue to develop and produce competitive technology or deliver it to our clients in a timely and cost-competitive manner in the various markets we serve, it could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Limitations on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, including our trade secrets, could cause a loss in revenue and any competitive advantage we hold.

Some of our products or services, and the processes we use to produce or provide them, have been granted patent protection, have patent applications pending or are trade secrets. Our business may be adversely affected if our patents are unenforceable, the claims allowed under our patents are not sufficient to protect our technology, our patent applications are denied, or our trade secrets are not adequately protected. Our competitors may be able to develop technology independently that is similar to ours without infringing on our patents or gaining access to our trade secrets, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may be subject to litigation if another party claims that we have infringed upon its intellectual property rights.

The tools, techniques, methodologies, programs and components we use to provide our services may infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others. Infringement claims generally result in significant legal and other costs and may distract management from running our core business. Royalty payments under licenses from third parties, if available, would increase our costs. Additionally, developing non-infringing technologies would increase our costs. If a license were not available, we might not be able to continue providing a particular service or product, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Failure to obtain and retain skilled technical personnel could impede our operations.

We require highly skilled personnel to operate and provide technical services and support for our business. Competition for the personnel required for our businesses intensifies as activity increases. In periods of high utilization it may become more difficult to find and retain qualified individuals. This could increase our costs or have other adverse effects on our operations.

Severe weather conditions may affect our operations.

Our business may be materially affected by severe weather conditions in areas where we operate. This may entail the evacuation of personnel and stoppage of services. In addition, if particularly severe weather affects platforms or structures, this may result in a suspension of activities. Any of these events could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

 

Item 2. Properties.

Schlumberger owns or leases numerous manufacturing facilities, administrative offices, service centers, research centers, data processing centers, mines, ore, drilling fluid and production chemical processing centers, sales offices and warehouses throughout the world. Schlumberger views its principal manufacturing, mining and processing facilities, research centers and data processing centers as its “principal owned or leased facilities.”

The following sets forth Schlumberger’s principal owned or leased facilities:

Beijing, China; Clamart, France; Mumbai, India; Fuchinobe, Japan; Oslo, Norway; Singapore; Abingdon, Cambridge and Stonehouse, United Kingdom; Moscow, Russia; and within the United States: Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Rosharon and Sugar Land, Texas; Battle Mountain, Nevada; Greybull, Wyoming and Florence, Kentucky.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

The information with respect to this Item 3. Legal Proceedings is set forth in Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

The barite and bentonite mining operations of M-I LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, are subject to regulation by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-K.

 

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Schlumberger’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

As of December 31, 2013, there were 21,929 stockholders of record. The principal United States market for Schlumberger’s common stock is the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), where it is traded under the symbol “SLB,” although it is traded on other exchanges in and outside the United States, including the Euronext Paris, the London Stock Exchange and the SIX Swiss Exchange.

Common Stock, Market Prices and Dividends Declared per Share

Quarterly high and low prices for Schlumberger’s common stock as reported by the NYSE (composite transactions), together with dividends declared per share in each quarter of 2013 and 2012, were:

 

 

On January 16, 2014, Schlumberger announced that its Board of Directors had approved an increase in the quarterly dividend of 28%, to $0.40.

There are no legal restrictions on the payment of dividends or ownership or voting of such shares, except as to shares held as treasury stock. Under current legislation, stockholders are not subject to any Curaçao withholding or other Curaçao taxes attributable to the ownership of such shares.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on Schlumberger common stock, assuming reinvestment of dividends on the last day of the month of payment into common stock of Schlumberger, with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500 Index) and the cumulative total return on the Philadelphia Oil Service Index (OSX) over the five-year period ended December 31, 2013. The stockholder return set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The following graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that Schlumberger specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

 

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Comparison of five-year cumulative total return among

Schlumberger common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the

Philadelphia Oil Service Index (OSX)

 

Assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2008 in Schlumberger common stock, in the S&P 500 Index and in the Philadelphia Oil Service Index (OSX) and reinvestment of dividends on the last day of the month of payment.

Share Repurchases

On July 18, 2013, the Schlumberger Board of Directors approved a $10 billion share repurchase program for Schlumberger common stock, to be completed at the latest by June 30, 2018.

Schlumberger’s common stock repurchase program activity for the three months ended December 31, 2013 was as follows:

 

In connection with the exercise of stock options under Schlumberger’s incentive compensation plans, Schlumberger routinely receives shares of its common stock from optionholders in consideration of the exercise price of the stock options. Schlumberger does not view these transactions as requiring disclosure under this Item 5 as the number of shares of Schlumberger common stock received from optionholders is not material.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with both “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K in order to understand factors, such as business combinations and charges and credits, which may affect the comparability of the Selected Financial Data:

 

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and resources. Such forward-looking statements should be read in conjunction with our disclosures under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.

Executive Overview

Schlumberger revenue in 2013 reached a new high of $45.3 billion – an increase of 8% over 2012. International revenue grew by $3.2 billion, or 11%, on higher exploration and development activity – both offshore and in key land markets. In North America, we demonstrated continued resilience to the challenging land market by growing the business by close to $400 million, or 3%, aided by our strong position in the offshore market – particularly in the US Gulf of Mexico.  

Yearly growth in global oil demand has been stabilizing at close to 1 million barrels per day for the past three years. This has been driven by the emerging economies, notably in Asia and in the Middle East, while consumption in the OECD countries has levelled after declining for three consecutive years as a result of energy efficiency gains. In terms of supply, markets are well balanced, with North America benefiting from the activity-intensive development of tight oil resources that almost single-handedly drove the increase in global crude oil production in 2013. Output from other areas, both OPEC and non-OPEC, remained stable. In terms of price, geopolitical and  security tensions in the Middle East, and major outages in Libya supported oil prices, with spot Brent prices averaging $109- per barrel in 2013, only slightly below the $112 per barrel of 2012.

International gas markets remained tight during the year, driven by strong demand in Japan and in the emerging economies in Asia. Relatively limited additional liquefied natural gas and interregional pipeline capacity contributed to support prices at oil-parity in the Asian spot markets. In North America, after having reached a 10-year low in 2012, natural gas spot prices rallied by 35% in 2013 from progressive rebalancing of supply and demand as well as from relatively cold temperatures in the final months of the year. Steady production levels – particularly from the continuing development of the Marcellus shale gas play – together with strong competition with coal in the power sector prevented prices from rising further.

Against this background, Schlumberger’s international performance during the year was led by the Middle East & Asia Area, which grew by 23% from an expanding portfolio of projects and activities in key land markets in the Middle East, increased exploration and development work across Asia, and sustained activity in Australasia and China.  Within the Europe/CIS/Africa Area, year-on-year revenue grew by 8%, led by the Russia and Central Asia region on strong land activity in West Siberia, and robust offshore projects in Sakhalin. The Latin America Area grew by 3% over the year, mainly due to good progress on the Shushufindi production management project in Ecuador, and strong integrated project management activity in Argentina. In North America, revenue strengthened by 3% driven by higher offshore drilling and exploration activity.

All three Product Groups benefited from the growth in activity. Reservoir Characterization revenue grew by 10% over the year from market share gains and higher exploration activity in offshore and key international land markets. Drilling Group revenue, up 9%, increased on robust demand for services as offshore drilling activity strengthened in the US Gulf of Mexico, Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia and in the Middle East & Asia Area.  Drilling Group revenue also increased in key international land markets in Saudi Arabia, China and Australia on higher rig count.  Production Group revenue grew by 8%, mostly from activity in the international GeoMarkets.

During the first half of the year, the OneSubsea joint venture with Cameron was finalized, combining Schlumberger’s deep understanding of the reservoir and our industry-leading well completions, subsea processing and integration capabilities with the design capability, manufacturing excellence, and installation record of Cameron. OneSubsea was formed to offer best-in-class subsea solutions by optimizing complete subsea production systems that help customers improve subsea development production and recovery.

Looking ahead to 2014, economic fundamentals are expected to further improve in the US while Europe seems set for stronger growth. These positive effects should overcome lower growth in some developing economies and support a continuing rebound in the world economy. Within this scenario, oil demand forecasts in 2014 have now been revised upwards to the highest growth rate in several years. Oil supply is expected to keep pace with demand – with the market therefore remaining well balanced. Natural gas prices internationally should be supported by demand in Asia and Europe, while in the US no change in fundamentals is expected, with any meaningful recovery in dry gas drilling activity still some way out in the future.

With exploration and production spending expected to grow further in 2014, led by international activity and continuing strength in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico, Schlumberger remains positive and optimistic about the year ahead on the back of a well-balanced business portfolio, wide geographical footprint, and strengthening operational, organizational, and executional capability.

 

 

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The following discussion and analysis of results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fourth Quarter 2013 Results

Product Groups

 

 

Geographic Areas

 

Oilfield Services

Fourth-quarter revenue of $11.91 billion increased $298 million or 3% sequentially. Approximately 75% of the sequential revenue increase came from the year-end surge in product and software sales, and 25% came from higher multiclient seismic sales.  

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International revenue of $8.15 billion grew $235 million or 3% sequentially, while North America Area revenue of $3.65 billion increased $47 million or 1% sequentially. 

Sequentially, Reservoir Characterization Group revenue grew 1% to $3.25 billion, while Drilling Group revenue of $4.50 billion was 2% higher. Production Group revenue increased 5% sequentially to $4.22 billion. The increase in Reservoir Characterization Group revenue resulted mainly from robust international end-of-year SIS software sales and an increase in WesternGeco multiclient sales.  This increase, however, was largely offset by a sharp seasonal decline in WesternGeco Marine revenue on lower vessel utilization following completion of surveys in Norway and Canada.  Wireline also declined sequentially on the conclusion of exploration projects in Eastern Canada and East Africa together with the seasonal slowdown in Russia.  Drilling Group revenue increased on international demand for Drilling & Measurements and M-I SWACO technologies in Mexico and Russia & Central Asia as well as in the Middle East & Asia Area. Stronger IPM project activity in Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Iraq also contributed to the increase.  The increase in Production Group revenue resulted primarily from stronger Completions and Artificial Lift product year-end sales.  Well Intervention Services declined mainly in North America land, while Well Services revenue grew primarily from higher activity in international markets. Well Services stage count in North America land also increased, but revenue declined from persistent pricing weakness as a result of the continuing hydraulic horsepower oversupply.

Sequentially by Area, Middle East & Asia led the increase with revenue of $2.94 billion growing 5%, mainly from the continued increase in drilling activity and the start of new IPM projects in Saudi Arabia;  strong product sales and increased seismic activity in the United Arab Emirates; strong product and year-end software sales in Kuwait; strong land and offshore exploration activity in the Australasia and Thailand & Myanmar GeoMarkets; and increased WesternGeco marine vessel activity in the Brunei, Malaysia & Philippines GeoMarket. The increase, however, was partially reduced by a decline in revenue in Iraq from the temporary shut-down in operations linked to a security incident.  In Latin America, revenue of $2.00 billion increased 3%, led by Mexico and Central America on robust deepwater exploration in addition to stronger land-based project activities.  Strong IPM fracturing and drilling activity in Argentina and solid progress on SPM projects in Ecuador also contributed to the increase.  Europe/CIS/Africa revenue of $3.21 billion increased 1% mainly due to robust product and software sales across the Area particularly in Continental Europe; significant testing and seismic activities in Angola; and increased offshore seismic and drilling in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.  The increase, however, was partially reduced by seasonally lower activity in Russia and decreased WesternGeco vessel utilization following the seasonal transit of vessels out of the North Sea.  North America revenue of $3.65 billion increased 1% sequentially.  Land continued to experience pricing weakness in drilling, stimulation and wireline services, although the effect of this was offset by increased service intensity, improved efficiency, market share gains, new technology uptake and business expansion. Offshore revenue declined following seasonal completion of seismic and exploration campaigns in Eastern Canada while revenue in the US Gulf of Mexico grew on higher drilling and testing activities.

Fourth-quarter pretax operating income of $2.60 billion was up 4% sequentially. International pretax operating income of $1.92 billion increased 4% sequentially, while North America pretax operating income of $716 million declined 2% sequentially.

Sequentially, pretax operating margin of 21.9% increased 37 basis points (bps), as International pretax operating margin expanded 23 bps to 23.5%.  Middle East & Asia and Europe/CIS/Africa margins were steady at 26.1% and 22.6%, respectively, while Latin America expanded 59 bps to reach 21.2% on higher-margin exploration drilling and project activity.  North America pretax operating margin declined 67 bps to 19.6% due to a seasonal holiday slowdown in activity and continued pricing weakness on land.  Sequentially by segment, Reservoir Characterization Group pretax operating margin expanded 132 bps to 31.7% due to strong end-of-year sales of SIS software and WesternGeco multiclient licenses, while the pretax operating margins of the Drilling and Production Groups were 19.6% and 17.3%, respectively.

Reservoir Characterization Group

Fourth-quarter revenue of $3.25 billion increased 1% sequentially.  Pretax operating income of $1.03 billion was 5% higher sequentially.

Sequentially, the increase in revenue was mainly driven by robust international end-of-year SIS software sales and an increase in WesternGeco multiclient sales.  These increases, however, were largely offset by the sharp seasonal decline in WesternGeco Marine revenue on lower vessel utilization following completion of surveys in Norway and Canada.  Wireline also declined sequentially on the completion of exploration projects in Eastern Canada and East Africa, and the seasonal slowdown of activity in Russia.

Pretax operating margin of 31.7% increased 132 bps sequentially.  The sequential increase from strong end-of-year sales of SIS software and WesternGeco multiclient licenses was partially offset by lower WesternGeco Marine vessel utilization and decreased Wireline high-technology activity following completion of exploration projects.

Drilling Group

Fourth-quarter revenue of $4.50 billion was up 2% sequentially. Pretax operating income of $880 million was 2% lower sequentially.

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Sequentially, revenue increased on international demand for Drilling & Measurements and M-I SWACO technologies in Mexico and Russia & Central Asia as well as in the Middle East & Asia Area.  Stronger IPM project activity in Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Iraq also contributed to the increase.

Sequentially, pretax operating margin declined 69 bps to 19.6%.  The sequential decline was due to operational start-up delays and the geographical mix of activity.

Production Group

Fourth-quarter revenue of $4.22 billion increased 5% sequentially. Pretax operating income of $730 million was 3% higher sequentially.

The increase in revenue resulted primarily from stronger Completions and Artificial Lift product year-end sales coupled with new technology uptake and business expansion.  Well Intervention Services declined mainly in North America land, while Well Services revenue grew primarily from higher activity in international markets. Well Services stage count in North America land also increased, but revenue declined from the persistent pricing weakness resulting from the continued hydraulic horsepower oversupply.

Sequentially, pretax operating margin of 17.3% was essentially flat. The sequential result was attributable to the favorable impact of year-end Completions and Artificial Lift product sales and improved SPM profitability being fully offset by continued Well Services pricing weakness and decline in Well Intervention Services activity.

 

Full-Year 2013 Results

Product Groups

 

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Geographic Areas

 

Oilfield Services

Full-year 2013 revenue of $45.27 billion increased 8% versus the same period last year with international revenue 11% higher and North America Area revenue increasing 3%.

 

Internationally, higher exploration and development activities in a number of GeoMarkets, both offshore and in key land markets, contributed to the increase.  The increase was led by the Middle East & Asia which increased 23%, mainly from robust results across a diversified portfolio of projects and activities in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and United Arab Emirates; increased seismic surveys across Asia; and sustained land and offshore drilling activity in the Australasia and China GeoMarkets.  Europe/CIS/Africa increased 8%, led by the Russia and Central Asia region on strong land activity in West Siberia and robust offshore projects in Sakhalin.  The Sub-Saharan Africa region increased on strong development, exploration and seismic activities as well.  Latin America was 3% higher, mainly due to solid progress on an SPM project in Ecuador and strong IPM results in Argentina.

 

North America growth was driven by increased offshore revenue as a result of higher drilling and exploration activities.  This increase was largely offset by a decline in land as a result of a reduction in rig count and pricing weakness in the areas of drilling, stimulation and wireline, although the downward pricing trend slowed during the second and third quarters.  

 

Full-year 2013 pretax operating income of $9.34 billion increased 15% versus the same period last year as international pretax operating income of $6.88 billion increased 24%, while North America pretax operating income of $2.7 billion was flat.

 

Pretax operating margin of 20.6% increased 119 bps, as international pretax operating margin expanded 225 bps to 22.2% while North America pretax operating margin declined 55 bps to 19.7%.  The expansion in international margins was due to increased high-margin exploration, seismic and deepwater activities while the North American margin contraction was due to continued pricing pressure.

Reservoir Characterization Group

Full-year revenue of $12.25 billion was 10% higher than the same period last year led by Testing Services, WesternGeco, Wireline and SIS Technologies primarily due to market share gains and higher exploration activity in both offshore and key international land markets.

 

Pretax operating margin increased 228 bps to 29.8% largely due to the higher-margin exploration activities that benefited Testing Services and Wireline Technologies.

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Drilling Group

Full-year revenue of $17.32 billion was 9% higher than the previous year primarily due to the robust demand for Drilling & Measurements services as offshore drilling activity strengthened in the US Gulf of Mexico, Sub-Sahara Africa, Russia and the Middle East & Asia Area and rig count increases in key international land markets, namely in Saudi Arabia, China and Australia.  Drilling Tools & Remedial and M-I SWACO Technologies expanded across all Areas and IPM increased on projects in Iraq, Australia and Argentina.

 

Pretax operating margin increased 156 bps to 19.1% primarily due to Drilling & Measurements, which benefited from higher-margin exploration activities both in North America offshore and in the international markets.

Production Group

Full-year revenue of $15.93 billion increased 8% year-on-year on increased Well Intervention activity and strong international sales of Completion and Artificial Lift products and Well Services technologies.  SPM also posted strong growth.  While North America land rig count declined, well and stage counts increased through drilling efficiency.  Despite the efficiency-driven activity increase, Well Services revenue in North America declined due to pricing weakness.

 

Pretax operating margin increased slightly by 72 bps to 16.4%. Margin expanded as a result of improved profitability in SPM, Completions and Artificial Lift, partially offset by a margin decline in Well Services technologies, primarily in North America, as a result of pricing pressure and cost inflation.

 

Full-Year 2012 Results

Product Groups

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Geographic Areas

Oilfield Services

Full-year 2012 revenue of $41.73 billion increased 14% versus the same period last year with North America Area 9% higher and international activity 16% higher. Internationally, higher exploration and development activities in a number of GeoMarkets both offshore and in key land markets contributed to the increase. The increase was led by the Europe/CIS/Africa Area which increased 18%, mainly in Russia and in the Nigeria & Gulf of Guinea, Angola, the East Africa and North Sea GeoMarkets. Latin America was higher by 17%, mainly in the Mexico & Central America; Venezuela, Trinidad & Tobago; and Ecuador GeoMarkets driven by strong IPM activity on land and robust offshore activity for Wireline and Drilling Group services and products. Middle East & Asia increased 14% on strong results in the Saudi Arabia & Bahrain; Australasia; Brunei, Malaysia & Philippines; and China GeoMarkets. The increase in North America was due to strong growth in North America offshore driven by robust deepwater and exploration activity that benefited the Reservoir Characterization and Drilling Groups Technologies. There was also an improvement in activity in North America land for the Production Group Technologies although the increase slowed in the second half of the year due to the weakness in the hydraulic fracturing market.

Full-year 2012 pretax operating income of $8.1 billion increased 15% year-on-year as international pretax operating income of $5.6 billion increased 32% while North America pretax operating income of $2.7 billion declined by 10% year-on-year.

Pretax operating margin was essentially flat at 19.5% as international pretax operating margin expanded 238 bps to 20.0% while North America pretax operating margin declined 441 bps to 20.2%. Europe/CIS/Africa posted a 435 bps improvement to reach 19.6% and Latin America increased 175 bps to 18.4% and Middle East & Asia reported a 48 bps increase to 21.9%. North America margin decline was due to Well Services production technologies, as a result of pricing pressure and cost inflation.

Reservoir Characterization Group

Full-year revenue of $11.16 billion was 15% higher than the same period last year led by Wireline, Testing Services, WesternGeco and SIS Technologies driven by improved offshore exploration activities across all Areas.

Pretax operating margin increased 340 bps to 27.5% largely due to the higher-margin exploration activities that benefited Wireline and Testing Services, higher SIS software sales, higher WesternGeco marine vessel utilization and improved UniQ land seismic productivity.

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Drilling Group

Full-year revenue of $15.89 billion was 15% higher than the previous year primarily due to the significantly improved exploration and development activities of M-I SWACO, Drilling & Measurements, and the other Drilling Group Technologies in North America offshore and in the international markets.

Pretax operating margin increased 145 bps to 17.6% primarily due to the increase in higher-margin activities of Drilling & Measurements, M-I SWACO and Drilling Tools & Remedial technologies - all of which benefited from exploration activities in North America offshore and in the international markets - mainly in the Europe/CIS/Africa Area.

Production Group

Full-year revenue of $14.80 billion increased 14% year-on-year, both in North America and the international markets. Well Intervention, Artificial Lift and Completions Technologies posted strong growth across all Areas. Well Services grew both in North America and internationally, with international growth led by Latin America and Europe/CIS/Africa.

Pretax operating margin decreased 388 bps to 15.7% mainly due to a decline in margins for Well Services production technologies, primarily in North America, as a result of pricing pressure and cost inflation. This was mitigated by margin expansion for the other Production Group Technologies led by Well Intervention Services and Completions.

Interest and Other Income

Interest and other income consisted of the following:

 

Interest Expense

Interest expense of $391 million in 2013 increased by $51 million compared to 2012 primarily due to an increase in the weighted average debt balance of approximately $1.2 billion combined with a 0.1% increase in the weighted average borrowing rates from 3.1% in 2012 to 3.2% in 2013.

Interest expense of $340 million in 2012 increased by $42 million compared to 2011 primarily due to the $1 billion of 1.25% Senior Notes due 2017 and $1 billion of 2.40% Senior Notes due 2022 that Schlumberger issued during 2012.

Other

Research & engineering and General & administrative expenses, as a percentage of Revenue, were as follows:

 

Income Taxes

The Schlumberger effective tax rate was 21.3% in 2013, 24.4% in 2012, and 24.8% in 2011.

The Schlumberger effective tax rate is sensitive to the geographic mix of earnings. When the percentage of pretax earnings generated outside of North America increases, the Schlumberger effective tax rate will generally decrease. Conversely, when the percentage of pretax earnings generated outside of North America decreases, the Schlumberger effective tax rate will generally increase.

The effective tax rate for 2013 was significantly impacted by the charges and credits described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These charges and credits reduced the effective tax rate in 2013 by approximately two percentage points. The decrease in the effective tax rate, excluding the impact of the charges and credits, from 2012 to 2013 was primarily attributable to the fact that Schlumberger generated a smaller proportion of its pretax earnings in North America in 2013 as compared to 2012.

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Charges and Credits

Schlumberger recorded significant charges and credits in continuing operations during 2013, 2012 and 2011. These charges and credits, which are summarized below, are more fully described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following is a summary of the 2013 charges and credits:

 

The following is a summary of the 2012 charges and credits:

 

The following is a summary of the 2011 charges and credits: