Edgar Filing: HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES INC

10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



Commission File Number	Registrant; State of Incorporation; Address; and Telephone Number	I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
1-8503	HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC., a Hawaii corporation 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2900, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Telephone (808) 543-5662	99-0208097
1-4955	HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., a Hawaii corporation 900 Richards Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Telephone (808) 543-7771	99-0040500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Registrant	Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.	Common Stock, Without Par Value	New York Stock Exchange
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.	Guarantee with respect to 6.50% Cumulative Quarterly Income Preferred Securities Series 2004 (QUIPSSM) of HECO Capital Trust III	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:



Registrant		Title of each class
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.		None
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.		Cumulative Preferred Stock

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. Yes X No	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Yes No X

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. Yes No X	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Yes No X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. Yes X No	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. Yes X No	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Yes X No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc.	Large accelerated filer X Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.	Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer X (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).



Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. Yes No X	Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Yes No X



	Aggregate market value of the voting and non- voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrants as of	Number of shares of common stock outstanding of the registrants as of
	June 30, 2015	June 30, 2015	February 12, 2016
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI)	$3,194,385,337	107,446,530 (Without par value)	107,624,726 (Without par value)
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (Hawaiian Electric)	None	15,805,327 ($6 2/3 par value)	15,805,327 ($6 2/3 par value)

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Hawaiian Electric’s Exhibit 99.1, consisting of:

Hawaiian Electric’s Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Part III

Hawaiian Electric’s Executive Compensation—Part III

Hawaiian Electric’s Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters—

Part III

Hawaiian Electric’s Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Part III

Hawaiian Electric’s Principal Accounting Fees and Services—Part III

Selected sections of Proxy Statement of HEI for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed-Part III

This combined Form 10-K represents separate filings by Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by each registrant on its own behalf. Hawaiian Electric makes no representations as to any information not relating to it or its subsidiaries.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page

Glossary of Terms		ii
Forward-Looking Statements		vi

	PART I

Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	25
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	35
Item 2.	Properties	35
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36

	PART II

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	37
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	38
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	40
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	80
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	83
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	183
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	183
Item 9B.	Other Information	185

	PART III

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	185
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	187
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	188
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	189
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	189

	PART IV

Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	189
Signatures		194

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Defined below are certain terms used in this report:



Terms		Definitions

ABO		Accumulated benefit obligation
AES Hawaii		AES Hawaii, Inc.
AFUDC		Allowance for funds used during construction
AOCI		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AOS		Adequacy of supply
APBO		Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
ARO		Asset retirement obligations
ASB		American Savings Bank, F.S.B., a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Savings Holdings, Inc.
ASB Hawaii		ASB Hawaii, Inc. (formerly American Savings Holdings, Inc.), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and the parent company of American Savings Bank, F.S.B.
ASC		Accounting Standards Codification
ASU		Accounting Standards Update
Btu		British thermal unit
CAA		Clean Air Act
CERCLA		Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
Chevron		Chevron Products Company, a fuel oil supplier
CIP		Campbell Industrial Park
CIS		Customer Information System
Company		When used in Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. sections and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Company” refers to Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including, without limitation, Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries (listed under Hawaiian Electric); ASB Hawaii, Inc. and its subsidiary, American Savings Bank, F.S.B.; HEI Properties, Inc. (dissolved in 2015); Hawaiian Electric Industries Capital Trust II and Hawaiian Electric Industries Capital Trust III (inactive financing entities - dissolved and terminated in 2015); and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc. (formerly Hawaiian Tug & Barge Corp.). When used in Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. sections, “Company” refers to Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and its direct subsidiaries.
Consolidated Financial Statements		HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric's combined Consolidated Financial Statements, including notes, in Item 8 of this Form 10-K
Consumer Advocate		Division of Consumer Advocacy, Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs of the State of Hawaii
CT-1		Combustion turbine No. 1
D&O		Decision and order
DBEDT		State of Hawaii Department of Business Economic Development and Tourism
DBF		State of Hawaii Department of Budget and Finance
DG		Distributed generation
Dodd-Frank Act		Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
DOH		Department of Health of the State of Hawaii
DRIP		HEI Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan
DSM		Demand-side management
ECAC		Energy cost adjustment clause
EEPS		Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards
EGU		Electrical generating unit
EIP		2010 Executive Incentive Plan, as amended
EPA		Environmental Protection Agency - federal
EPS		Earnings per share
ERISA		Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
ERL		Environmental Response Law of the State of Hawaii
Exchange Act		Securities Exchange Act of 1934
FASB		Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC		Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDICIA		Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
federal		U.S. Government

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)



Terms		Definitions

FERC		Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHLB		Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC		Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FICO		Financing Corporation
Fitch		Fitch Ratings, Inc.
FNMA		Federal National Mortgage Association
FRB		Federal Reserve Board
GAAP		Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GHG		Greenhouse gas
GNMA		Government National Mortgage Association
Gramm Act		Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
HC&S		Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company, a division of A&B-Hawaii, Inc.
Hawaii Electric Light		Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc., an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Hawaiian Electric		Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and parent company of Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc., Maui Electric Company, Limited, HECO Capital Trust III (unconsolidated financing subsidiary), Renewable Hawaii, Inc. and Uluwehiokama Biofuels Corp.
Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A		Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of this Form 10-K
HEI		Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc., direct parent company of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., ASB Hawaii, Inc., HEI Properties, Inc. (dissolved in 2015), Hawaiian Electric Industries Capital Trust II (dissolved and terminated in 2015), Hawaiian Electric Industries Capital Trust III (dissolved and terminated in 2015) and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc. (formerly Hawaiian Tug & Barge Corp.).
HEI's 2016 Proxy Statement		Selected sections of Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. to be filed after the date of this Form 10-K, which are incorporated in this Form 10-K by reference
HEI’s MD&A		Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of this Form 10-K
HEIPI		HEI Properties, Inc. (dissolved in 2015), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
HEIRSP		Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan
HEP		Hamakua Energy Partners, L.P., formerly known as Encogen Hawaii, L.P.
HTB		Hawaiian Tug & Barge Corp. On November 10, 1999, HTB sold substantially all of its operating assets and the stock of its subsidiary, Young Brothers, Limited, and changed its name to The Old Oahu Tug Services, Inc.
HPower		City and County of Honolulu with respect to a power purchase agreement for a refuse-fired plant
IPP		Independent power producer
IRP		Integrated resource plan
IRR		Interest rate risk
Kalaeloa		Kalaeloa Partners, L.P.
kV		Kilovolt
kW		Kilowatt/s (as applicable)
KWH		Kilowatthour/s (as applicable)
LNG		Liquefied natural gas
LSFO		Low sulfur fuel oil
LTIP		Long-term incentive plan
MATS		Mercury and Air Toxics Standards
Maui Electric		Maui Electric Company, Limited, an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
MBtu		Million British thermal unit
MD&A		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Merger		As provided in the Merger Agreement, merger of Merger Sub I with and into HEI, with HEI surviving, and then merger of HEI with and into Merger Sub II, with Merger Sub II surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of NEE
Merger Agreement		Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among HEI, NEE, Merger Sub II and Merger Sub I, dated December 3, 2014
Merger Sub I		NEE Acquisition Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of NEE

iii

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)



Terms		Definitions

Merger Sub II		NEE Acquisition Sub I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of NEE
Moody’s		Moody’s Investors Service’s
MSFO		Medium sulfur fuel oil
MOU		Memorandum of Understanding
MW		Megawatt/s (as applicable)
NA		Not applicable
NAAQS		National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NEE		NextEra Energy, Inc.
NEM		Net energy metering
NII		Net interest income
NM		Not meaningful
NPBC		Net periodic benefits costs
NQSO		Nonqualified stock options
O&M		Other operation and maintenance
OCC		Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OPEB		Postretirement benefits other than pensions
OTS		Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of Treasury
OTTI		Other-than-temporary impairment
PBO		Projected benefit obligation
PCB		Polychlorinated biphenyls
PGV		Puna Geothermal Venture
PPA		Power purchase agreement
PPAC		Purchased power adjustment clause
PSD		Prevention of Significant Deterioration
PSIPs		Power Supply Improvement Plans
PUC		Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii
PURPA		Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
QF		Qualifying Facility under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
QTL		Qualified Thrift Lender
RAM		Rate adjustment mechanism
RBA		Revenue balancing account
Registrant		Each of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
REIP		Renewable Energy Infrastructure Program
RFP		Request for proposals
RHI		Renewable Hawaii, Inc., a wholly-owned nonregulated subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
ROA		Return on assets
ROACE		Return on average common equity
RORB		Return on rate base
RPS		Renewable portfolio standards
S&P		Standard & Poor’s
SAR		Stock appreciation right
SEC		Securities and Exchange Commission
See		Means the referenced material is incorporated by reference (or means refer to the referenced section in this document or the referenced exhibit or other document)
SLHCs		Savings & Loan Holding Companies
SOIP		1987 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended. Shares of HEI common stock reserved for issuance under the SOIP were deregistered and delisted in 2015.
Spin-Off		The distribution to HEI shareholders of all of the common stock of ASB Hawaii immediately prior to the Merger
SPRBs		Special Purpose Revenue Bonds
ST		Steam turbine
state		State of Hawaii
TDR		Troubled debt restructuring

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)



Terms		Definitions

Tesoro		Tesoro Hawaii Corporation dba BHP Petroleum Americas Refining Inc., a fuel oil supplier
TOOTS		The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
Trust III		HECO Capital Trust III
UBC		Uluwehiokama Biofuels Corp., a wholly-owned nonregulated subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Utilities		Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. and Maui Electric Company, Limited
VIE		Variable interest entity

Forward-Looking Statements

This report and other presentations made by Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI) and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (Hawaiian Electric) and their subsidiaries contain “forward-looking statements,” which include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and usually include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “predicts,” “estimates” or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance, ongoing business strategies or prospects or possible future actions are also forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and the accuracy of assumptions concerning HEI and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company), the performance of the industries in which they do business and economic and market factors, among other things. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance.

Risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements and from historical results include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

the successful and timely completion of the proposed Merger with NextEra Energy, Inc. (NEE), which could be materially and adversely affected by, among other things, resolving the litigation brought in connection with the proposed Merger, obtaining (and the timing and terms and conditions of) required governmental and regulatory approvals, and the ability to maintain relationships with employees, customers or suppliers, as well as the ability to integrate the businesses;


•	the ability of ASB Hawaii, Inc. (ASB Hawaii) and its subsidiary, American Savings Bank, F.S.B. (ASB), to operate successfully after the Spin-Off;

•

international, national and local economic conditions, including the state of the Hawaii tourism, defense and construction industries, the strength or weakness of the Hawaii and continental U.S. real estate markets (including the fair value and/or the actual performance of collateral underlying loans held by ASB, which could result in higher loan loss provisions and write-offs), decisions concerning the extent of the presence of the federal government and military in Hawaii, the implications and potential impacts of U.S. and foreign capital and credit market conditions and federal, state and international responses to those conditions, and the potential impacts of global developments (including global economic conditions and uncertainties, unrest, the conflict in Syria, terrorist acts by ISIS or others, potential conflict or crisis with North Korea and potential pandemics);


•	the effects of future actions or inaction of the U.S. government or related agencies, including those related to the U.S. debt ceiling and monetary policy;


•	weather and natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, lightning strikes, lava flows and the potential effects of climate change, such as more severe storms and rising sea levels), including their impact on the Company's and Utilities' operations and the economy;


•	the timing and extent of changes in interest rates and the shape of the yield curve;


•	the ability of the Company and the Utilities to access the credit and capital markets (e.g., to obtain commercial paper and other short-term and long-term debt financing, including lines of credit, and, in the case of HEI, to issue common stock) under volatile and challenging market conditions, and the cost of such financings, if available;


•	the risks inherent in changes in the value of the Company’s pension and other retirement plan assets and ASB’s securities available for sale;


•	changes in laws, regulations, market conditions and other factors that result in changes in assumptions used to calculate retirement benefits costs and funding requirements;


•	the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act) and of the rules and regulations that the Dodd-Frank Act requires to be promulgated;


•	increasing competition in the banking industry (e.g., increased price competition for deposits, or an outflow of deposits to alternative investments, which may have an adverse impact on ASB’s cost of funds);

•

the potential delay by the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC) in considering (and potential disapproval of actual or proposed) renewable energy proposals and related costs; reliance by the Utilities on outside parties such as the state, independent power producers (IPPs) and developers; and uncertainties surrounding technologies, solar power, wind power, proposed undersea cables, biofuels, environmental assessments required to meet renewable portfolio standards (RPS) goals and the impacts of implementation of the renewable energy proposals on future costs of electricity;


•	the ability of the Utilities to develop, implement and recover the costs of implementing the Utilities’ action plans and business model changes proposed and being developed in response to the four orders that the PUC issued

in April 2014, in which the PUC: directed the Utilities to develop, among other things, Power Supply Improvement Plans, a Demand Response Portfolio Plan and a Distributed Generation Interconnection Plan; described the PUC’s inclinations on the future of Hawaii’s electric utilities and the vision, business strategies and regulatory policy changes required to align the Utilities’ business model with customer interests and the state’s public policy goals; and emphasized the need to “leap ahead” of other states in creating a 21st century generation system and modern transmission and distribution grids;


•	capacity and supply constraints or difficulties, especially if generating units (utility-owned or IPP-owned) fail or measures such as demand-side management (DSM), distributed generation (DG), combined heat and power or other firm capacity supply-side resources fall short of achieving their forecasted benefits or are otherwise insufficient to reduce or meet peak demand;


•	fuel oil price changes, delivery of adequate fuel by suppliers and the continued availability to the electric utilities of their energy cost adjustment clauses (ECACs);


•	the continued availability to the electric utilities or modifications of other cost recovery mechanisms, including the purchased power adjustment clauses (PPACs), rate adjustment mechanisms (RAMs) and pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions (OPEB) tracking mechanisms, and the continued decoupling of revenues from sales to mitigate the effects of declining kilowatthour sales;


•	the impact of fuel price volatility on customer satisfaction and political and regulatory support for the Utilities;


•	the risks associated with increasing reliance on renewable energy, including the availability and cost of non-fossil fuel supplies for renewable energy generation and the operational impacts of adding intermittent sources of renewable energy to the electric grid;


•	the growing risk that energy production from renewable generating resources may be curtailed and the interconnection of additional resources will be constrained as more generating resources are added to the Utilities' electric systems and as customers reduce their energy usage;


•	the ability of IPPs to deliver the firm capacity anticipated in their power purchase agreements (PPAs);


•	the potential that, as IPP contracts near the end of their terms, there may be less economic incentive for the IPPs to make investments in their units to ensure the availability of their units;


•	the ability of the Utilities to negotiate, periodically, favorable agreements for significant resources such as fuel supply contracts and collective bargaining agreements;


•	new technological developments that could affect the operations and prospects of the Utilities and ASB or their competitors;


•	new technological developments, such as the commercial development of energy storage and microgrids, that could affect the operations of the Utilities;


•	cyber security risks and the potential for cyber incidents, including potential incidents at HEI, ASB and the Utilities (including at ASB branches and electric utility plants) and incidents at data processing centers they use, to the extent not prevented by intrusion detection and prevention systems, anti-virus software, firewalls and other general information technology controls;

•

federal, state, county and international governmental and regulatory actions, such as existing, new and changes in laws, rules and regulations applicable to HEI, the Utilities and ASB (including changes in taxation, increases in capital requirements, regulatory policy changes, environmental laws and regulations (including resulting compliance costs and risks of fines and penalties and/or liabilities), the regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, governmental fees and assessments (such as Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments), and potential carbon “cap and trade” legislation that may fundamentally alter costs to produce electricity and accelerate the move to renewable generation);


•	developments in laws, regulations, and policies governing protections for historic, archaeological, and cultural sites, and plant and animal species and habitats, as well as developments in the implementation and enforcement of such laws, regulations, and policies;


•	discovery of conditions that may be attributable to historical chemical releases, including any necessary investigation and remediation, and any associated enforcement, litigation, or regulatory oversight;


•	decisions by the PUC in rate cases and other proceedings (including the risks of delays in the timing of decisions, adverse changes in final decisions from interim decisions and the disallowance of project costs as a result of adverse regulatory audit reports or otherwise);


•	decisions by the PUC and by other agencies and courts on land use, environmental and other permitting issues (such as required corrective actions, restrictions and penalties that may arise, such as with respect to environmental conditions or RPS);

•

potential enforcement actions by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and/or other governmental authorities (such as consent orders, required corrective actions, restrictions and penalties that may arise, for example, with respect to compliance deficiencies under existing or new banking and consumer protection laws and regulations or with respect to capital adequacy);


•	the ability of the Utilities to recover increasing costs and earn a reasonable return on capital investments not covered by RAMs;


•	the risks associated with the geographic concentration of HEI’s businesses and ASB’s loans, ASB’s concentration in a single product type (i.e., first mortgages) and ASB’s significant credit relationships (i.e., concentrations of large loans and/or credit lines with certain customers);


•	changes in accounting principles applicable to HEI, the Utilities and ASB, including the adoption of new U.S. accounting standards, the potential discontinuance of regulatory accounting and the effects of potentially required consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs) or required capital lease accounting for PPAs with IPPs;


•	changes by securities rating agencies in their ratings of the securities of HEI and Hawaiian Electric and the results of financing efforts;


•	faster than expected loan prepayments that can cause an acceleration of the amortization of premiums on loans and investments and the impairment of mortgage-servicing assets of ASB;


•	changes in ASB’s loan portfolio credit profile and asset quality which may increase or decrease the required level of provision for loan losses, allowance for loan losses and charge-offs;


•	changes in ASB’s deposit cost or mix which may have an adverse impact on ASB’s cost of funds;


•	the final outcome of tax positions taken by HEI, the Utilities and ASB;


•	the risks of suffering losses and incurring liabilities that are uninsured (e.g., damages to the Utilities’ transmission and distribution system and losses from business interruption) or underinsured (e.g., losses not covered as a result of insurance deductibles or other exclusions or exceeding policy limits); and


•	other risks or uncertainties described elsewhere in this report (e.g., Item 1A. Risk Factors) and in other reports previously and subsequently filed by HEI and/or Hawaiian Electric with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the report, presentation or filing in which they are made. Except to the extent required by the federal securities laws, HEI, Hawaiian Electric, ASB and their subsidiaries undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

vii

PART I



ITEM 1.	BUSINESS

HEI Consolidated

HEI and subsidiaries and lines of business. HEI was incorporated in 1981 under the laws of the State of Hawaii and is a holding company with its principal subsidiaries engaged in electric utility and banking businesses operating primarily in the State of Hawaii. HEI’s predecessor, Hawaiian Electric, was incorporated under the laws of the Kingdom of Hawaii (now the State of Hawaii) on October 13, 1891. As a result of a 1983 corporate reorganization, Hawaiian Electric became an HEI subsidiary and common shareholders of Hawaiian Electric became common shareholders of HEI.

Hawaiian Electric and its operating utility subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (Hawaii Electric Light) and Maui Electric Company, Limited (Maui Electric), are regulated electric public utilities. Hawaiian Electric also owns all the common securities of HECO Capital Trust III (a Delaware statutory trust), which was formed to effect the issuance of $50 million of cumulative quarterly income preferred securities in 2004, for the benefit of Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric. In December 2002, Hawaiian Electric formed a subsidiary, Renewable Hawaii, Inc., to invest in renewable energy projects, but it has made no investments and currently is inactive. In September 2007, Hawaiian Electric formed another subsidiary, Uluwehiokama Biofuels Corp. (UBC), to invest in a biodiesel refining plant to be built on the island of Maui, which project has been terminated.

Besides Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries, HEI also currently owns directly or indirectly the following subsidiaries: ASB Hawaii, Inc. (ASB Hawaii) (a holding company, formerly known as American Savings Holdings, Inc.) and its subsidiary, American Savings Bank, F.S.B. (ASB); HEI Properties, Inc. (HEIPI), which was dissolved on December 11, 2015; Hawaiian Electric Industries Capital Trusts II and III (both formed in 1997 to be available for trust securities financings, but both were dissolved and terminated on December 14, 2015); and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc. (TOOTS).

ASB, acquired by HEI in 1988, is one of the largest financial institutions in the State of Hawaii with assets of $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2015.

HEIPI, whose predecessor company was formed in February 1998, held venture capital investments. HEIPI was dissolved on December 11, 2015.

TOOTS administers certain employee and retiree-related benefit programs and monitors matters related to its predecessor’s former maritime freight transportation operations.

The proposed Merger and Merger Agreement. On December 3, 2014, HEI, NextEra Energy, Inc., a Florida corporation (NEE), NEE Acquisition Sub I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of NEE (Merger Sub II) and NEE Acquisition Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of NEE (Merger Sub I), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement). The Merger Agreement provides for Merger Sub I to merge with and into HEI, with HEI surviving, and then for HEI to merge with and into Merger Sub II, with Merger Sub II surviving (the Merger). The Merger Agreement provides that, prior to completion of the Merger, HEI will distribute to its shareholders, on a pro-rata basis, all of the issued and outstanding shares of ASB Hawaii, Inc., a Hawaii corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of HEI and direct parent company of ASB (the Spin-Off). The closing of the Merger is subject to various conditions, including federal and state regulatory approvals. For additional information concerning the proposed Merger, see Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Additional information. For additional information about the Company required by this item, see HEI’s “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (HEI’s MD&A), HEI’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and HEI’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s website address is www.hei.com. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 10-K unless, and except to the extent, specifically incorporated herein by reference. HEI and Hawaiian Electric currently make available free of charge through this website their annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports (since 1994) as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. HEI and Hawaiian Electric intend to continue to use HEI’s website as a means of disclosing additional information. Such disclosures will be included on HEI’s website in the Investor Relations section. Accordingly, investors should routinely monitor such portions of HEI’s website, in addition to following HEI’s, Hawaiian Electric’s and ASB’s press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Investors may also wish to refer to the PUC website at dms.puc.hawaii.gov/dms in order to review documents filed with and issued by the PUC. No information at the PUC website is incorporated herein by reference.

Commitments and contingencies. See “HEI Consolidated—Liquidity and capital resources –Selected contractual obligations and commitments” in HEI’s MD&A, Hawaiian Electric’s “Commitments and contingencies” below and Notes 2 and 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Regulation. HEI and Hawaiian Electric are each holding companies within the meaning of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005 and implementing regulations, which requires holding companies and their subsidiaries to grant the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) access to books and records relating to FERC’s jurisdictional rates. FERC granted HEI and Hawaiian Electric a waiver from its record retention, accounting and reporting requirements, effective May 2006.

HEI is subject to an agreement entered into with the PUC (the PUC Agreement) which, among other things, requires PUC approval of any change in control of HEI, including the proposed Merger. See “PUC application” in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The PUC Agreement also requires HEI to provide the PUC with periodic financial information and other reports concerning intercompany transactions and other matters. It also prohibits the electric utilities from loaning funds to HEI or its nonutility subsidiaries and from redeeming common stock of the electric utility subsidiaries without PUC approval. Further, the PUC could limit the ability of the electric utility subsidiaries to pay dividends on their common stock. See “Restrictions on dividends and other distributions” and “Electric utility—Regulation” below.

HEI and ASB Hawaii are subject to Federal Reserve Board (FRB) registration, supervision and reporting requirements as savings and loan holding companies. As a result of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, supervision and regulation of HEI and ASB Hawaii, as thrift holding companies, moved to the FRB, and supervision and regulation of ASB, as a federally chartered savings bank, moved to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) in July 2011. In the event the OCC has reasonable cause to believe that any activity of HEI or ASB Hawaii constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of ASB, the OCC is authorized to impose certain restrictions on HEI, ASB Hawaii and/or any of their subsidiaries. Possible restrictions include precluding or limiting: (i) the payment of dividends by ASB; (ii) transactions between ASB, HEI or ASB Hawaii, and their subsidiaries or affiliates; and (iii) any activities of ASB that might expose ASB to the liabilities of HEI and/or ASB Hawaii and their other affiliates. See “Restrictions on dividends and other distributions” below.

Bank regulations generally prohibit savings and loan holding companies and their nonthrift subsidiaries from engaging in activities other than those which are specifically enumerated in the regulations. However, the unitary savings and loan holding company relationship among HEI, ASB Hawaii and ASB is “grandfathered” under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (Gramm Act) so that HEI and its subsidiaries are able to continue to engage in their current activities so long as ASB satisfies the qualified thrift lender (QTL) test discussed under “Bank—Regulation—Qualified thrift lender test.” ASB met the QTL test at all times during 2015; however, the failure of ASB to satisfy the QTL test in the future could result in a need for HEI to divest ASB. If the Spin-Off and Merger are completed, these regulatory limitations will be eliminated since ASB Hawaii and ASB will no longer be affiliated with HEI and will not become affiliates of NextEra.

HEI is also affected by provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to corporate governance and executive compensation, including provisions requiring shareholder “say on pay” and “say on pay frequency” votes, mandating additional disclosures concerning executive compensation and compensation consultants and advisors and further restricting proxy voting by brokers in the absence of instructions. See “Bank—Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A for a discussion of effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on HEI and ASB.

Restrictions on dividends and other distributions. HEI is a legal entity separate and distinct from its various subsidiaries. As a holding company with no significant operations of its own, HEI’s principal sources of funds are dividends or other distributions from its operating subsidiaries, borrowings and sales of equity. The rights of HEI and, consequently, its creditors and shareholders, to participate in any distribution of the assets of any of its subsidiaries are subject to the prior claims of the creditors and preferred shareholders of such subsidiary, except to the extent that claims of HEI in its capacity as a creditor are recognized as primary.

The abilities of certain of HEI’s subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to HEI are subject to contractual and regulatory restrictions. Under the PUC Agreement, in the event that the consolidated common stock equity of the electric utility subsidiaries falls below 35% of the total capitalization of the electric utilities (including the current maturities of long-term debt, but excluding short-term borrowings), the electric utility subsidiaries would, absent PUC approval, be restricted in their payment of cash dividends to 80% of the earnings available for the payment of dividends in the current fiscal year and preceding five years, less the amount of dividends paid during that period. The PUC Agreement also provides that the foregoing dividend restriction shall not be construed as relinquishing any right the PUC may have to review the dividend policies of the electric utility subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2015, the consolidated common stock equity of HEI’s electric utility subsidiaries was 57% of their total capitalization (as calculated for purposes of the PUC Agreement). As of December 31, 2015, Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries had common stock equity of $1.7 billion of which approximately $711 million was not available for transfer to HEI without regulatory approval.

The ability of ASB to make capital distributions to HEI and other affiliates is restricted under federal law. Subject to a limited exception for stock redemptions that do not result in any decrease in ASB’s capital and would improve ASB’s financial condition, ASB is prohibited from declaring any dividends, making any other capital distributions, or paying a management fee to a controlling person if, following the distribution or payment, ASB would be deemed to be undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized. See “Bank—Regulation—Prompt corrective action.” All capital distributions are subject to prior approval by the OCC and FRB. Also see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

HEI and its subsidiaries are also subject to debt covenants, preferred stock resolutions and the terms of guarantees that could limit their respective abilities to pay dividends. The Company does not expect that the regulatory and contractual restrictions applicable to HEI and/or its subsidiaries will significantly affect the operations of HEI or its ability to pay dividends on its common stock, including the special dividend expected to be paid to shareholders of HEI if the Merger is consummated.

Environmental regulation. HEI and its subsidiaries are subject to federal and state statutes and governmental regulations pertaining to water quality, air quality and other environmental factors. See the “Environmental regulation” discussions in the “Electric utility” and “Bank” sections below.

Securities ratings. See the Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service’s (Moody’s) and Standard & Poor’s (S&P) ratings of HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s securities and discussion under “Liquidity and capital resources” (both “HEI Consolidated” and “Electric utility”) in HEI’s MD&A. These ratings reflect only the view, at the time the ratings are issued, of the applicable rating agency from whom an explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained. There is no assurance that any such credit rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that such rating will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the applicable rating agency if, in such rating agency’s judgment, circumstances so warrant. Any such lowering, suspension or withdrawal of any rating may have an adverse effect on the market price or marketability of HEI’s and/or Hawaiian Electric’s securities, which could increase the cost of capital of HEI and Hawaiian Electric, and could affect costs, including interest charges, under HEI's and/or Hawaiian Electric's debt securities and credit facilities. Neither HEI nor Hawaiian Electric management can predict future rating agency actions or their effects on the future cost of capital of HEI or Hawaiian Electric.

Revenue bonds have been issued by the Department of Budget and Finance of the State of Hawaii for the benefit of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries, but the source of their repayment are the unsecured obligations of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries under loan agreements and notes issued to the Department, including Hawaiian Electric’s guarantees of its subsidiaries’ obligations. The payment of principal and interest due on revenue bonds currently outstanding and issued prior to 2009 are insured, but the ratings of these insurers have been withdrawn—see “Electric Utility—Liquidity and capital resources” in HEI’s MD&A.

Employees. The Company had full-time employees as follows:



December 31	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011
HEI	39	44	43	42	40
Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries	2,727	2,759	2,764	2,658	2,518
ASB and its subsidiaries	1,152	1,162	1,159	1,170	1,096
	3,918	3,965	3,966	3,870	3,654

The employees of HEI and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, other than the electric utilities, are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1260 represents roughly half of the Utilities' workforce covered by a collective bargaining agreement that expires on October 31, 2018.

Properties. HEI leases office space from nonaffiliated lessors in downtown Honolulu under leases that expire in March 2016 and December 2017. See the discussions under “Electric Utility” and “Bank” below for a description of properties owned by HEI subsidiaries.

Electric utility

Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries and service areas. Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric (Utilities) are regulated operating electric public utilities engaged in the production, purchase, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity on the islands of Oahu; Hawaii; and Maui, Lanai and Molokai, respectively. Hawaiian Electric acquired Maui Electric in 1968 and Hawaii Electric Light in 1970. In 2015, the electric utilities’ revenues and net income amounted to approximately 90% and 85%, respectively, of HEI’s consolidated revenues and net income, compared to approximately 92% and 82% in 2014 and approximately 92% and 76% in 2013, respectively.

The islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Molokai have a combined population estimated at 1.3 million, or approximately 95% of the total population of the State of Hawaii, and comprise a service area of 5,815 square miles. The principal communities served include Honolulu (on Oahu), Hilo and Kona (on Hawaii) and Wailuku and Kahului (on Maui). The service areas also include numerous suburban communities, resorts, U.S. Armed Forces installations and agricultural operations. The state has granted Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric nonexclusive franchises, which authorize the Utilities to construct, operate and maintain facilities over and under public streets and sidewalks. Each of these franchises will continue in effect for an indefinite period of time until forfeited, altered, amended or repealed.

Sales of electricity.



Years ended December 31	2015			2014			2013
(dollars in thousands)	Customer accounts*	Electric sales revenues		Customer accounts*	Electric sales revenues		Customer accounts*	Electric sales revenues
Hawaiian Electric	302,958	$	1,636,245	301,953	$	2,134,094	299,528	$	2,116,214
Hawaii Electric Light	84,309	343,843		83,421	420,647		82,637	430,272
Maui Electric	70,533	343,722		70,042	420,734		69,577	422,205
	457,800	$	2,323,810	455,416	$	2,975,475	451,742	$	2,968,691

* As of December 31.

Seasonality. Kilowatthour (KWH) sales of the Utilities follow a seasonal pattern, but they do not experience extreme seasonal variations due to extreme weather variations experienced by some electric utilities on the U.S. mainland. KWH sales in Hawaii tend to increase in the warmer, more humid months, probably as a result of increased demand for air conditioning.

Significant customers. The Utilities derived approximately 11%, 12% and 11% of their operating revenues in 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively, from the sale of electricity to various federal government agencies.

Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and/or executive orders: (1) federal agencies must establish energy conservation goals for federally funded programs, (2) goals were set to reduce federal agencies’ energy consumption by 3% per year up to 30% by fiscal year 2015 relative to fiscal year 2003, and (3) renewable energy goals were established for electricity consumed by federal agencies. Hawaiian Electric continues to work with various federal agencies to implement measures that will help them achieve their energy reduction and renewable energy objectives.

State of Hawaii and U.S. Department of Energy MOU. On September 15, 2014, the State of Hawaii and the U.S. Department of Energy executed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) recognizing that Hawaii is embarking on the next phase of its clean energy future. The MOU provides the framework for a comprehensive, sustained effort to better realize its vast renewable energy potential and allow Hawaii to push forward in three main areas: the power sector, transportation and energy efficiency. This next phase will focus on stimulating deployment of clean energy infrastructure as a catalyst for economic growth, energy system innovation and test bed investments.

The PUC issued a decision and order (D&O) on January 3, 2012 approving a framework for Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards (EEPS) that set 2008 as the initial base year for evaluation and linearly allocated the 2030 goal to interim incremental reduction goals of 1,375 GWH by 2015 and 975 GWH by each of the years 2020, 2025 and 2030. These goals may be revised through goal evaluations scheduled every five years or as the result of recommendations by an EEPS technical working group (TWG) for consideration by the PUC. The interim and final reduction goals will be allocated among contributing entities by the EEPS TWG. The PUC may establish penalties in the future for failure to meet the goals. Another of the initiatives under the Energy Agreement was advanced when the PUC approved the implementation of revenue decoupling for the Utilities under which they are allowed to recover PUC-approved revenue requirements that are not based on the amount of electricity sold. Both the EEPS and the implementation of revenue decoupling could have an impact on sales.

The statewide Energy Efficiency Potential Study issued in December 2013 indicated that Hawaii was on track to meet the 2015 interim EEPS target, and that available untapped energy efficiency resources in Hawaii exceed the EEPS goal of 4,300 GWH. The PUC convened a meeting of the EEPS Technical Working Group in January 2014 to review the results of the statewide Energy Efficiency Potential Study. Although the results of the potential study indicate that available untapped energy efficiency resources in Hawaii exceed the overall goal, no changes were made to the goals or Framework that govern the achievement of EEPS. Neither HEI nor Hawaiian Electric management can predict with certainty the impact of these or other governmental mandates or the September 2014 MOU on HEI’s or Hawaiian Electric’s future results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Selected consolidated electric utility operating statistics.



Years ended December 31	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
KWH sales (millions)
Residential	2,396.5		2,379.7		2,450.9		2,582.0		2,769.7
Commercial	2,977.8		3,022.0		3,105.9		3,074.4		3,203.8
Large light and power	3,532.9		3,524.5		3,462.7		3,499.8		3,503.4
Other	49.3		50.0		50.0		49.8		50.0
	8,956.5		8,976.2		9,069.5		9,206.0		9,526.9
KWH net generated and purchased (millions)
Net generated	5,124.5		5,131.3		5,352.0		5,601.7		6,022.2
Purchased	4,308.3		4,306.7		4,195.2		4,093.2		4,009.7
	9,432.8		9,438.0		9,547.2		9,694.9		10,031.9
Losses and system uses (%)	4.8		4.7		4.8		4.8		4.8
Energy supply (December 31)
Net generating capability—MW	1,669		1,787		1,787		1,787		1,787
Firm purchased capability—MW	551		575		567		545		540
Other purchased capability—MW	4		—		—		—		—
	2,224		2,362		2,354		2,332		2,327
Net peak demand—MW¹	1,610		1,554		1,535		1,535		1,530
Btu per net KWH generated	10,632		10,613		10,570		10,533		10,609
Average fuel oil cost per Mbtu (cents)	1,206.5		2,087.6		2,103.2		2,210.4		1,986.7
Customer accounts (December 31)
Residential	400,655		398,256		394,910		392,025		390,133
Commercial	54,878		54,924		54,616		54,005		53,904
Large light and power	659		596		556		577		567
Other	1,608		1,640		1,660		1,636		1,625
	457,800		455,416		451,742		448,243		446,229
Electric revenues (thousands)
Residential	$	709,886	$	879,605	$	892,438	$	952,159	$	946,653
Commercial	798,202		1,027,588		1,044,166		1,060,983		1,024,725
Large light and power	802,366		1,051,119		1,015,079		1,062,226		976,949
Other	13,356		17,163		17,008		17,392		16,172
	$	2,323,810	$	2,975,475	$	2,968,691	$	3,092,760	$	2,964,499
Average revenue per KWH sold (cents)	25.90		33.15		32.73		33.60		31.12
Residential	29.62		36.93		36.41		36.88		34.18
Commercial	26.81		34.00		33.62		34.51		31.99
Large light and power	22.71		29.82		29.31		30.35		27.89
Other	27.05		34.36		34.02		34.93		32.37
Residential statistics
Average annual use per customer account (KWH)	5,996		6,000		6,220		6,596		7,117
Average annual revenue per customer account	$	1,776	$	2,218	$	2,265	$	2,432	$	2,433
Average number of customer accounts	399,674		396,640		394,024		391,437		389,160


¹	Sum of the net peak demands on all islands served, noncoincident and nonintegrated.

Generation statistics. The following table contains certain generation statistics as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. The net generating and firm purchased capability available for operation at any given time may be more or less than shown because of capability restrictions or temporary outages for inspection, maintenance, repairs or unforeseen circumstances.



	Island of Oahu- Hawaiian Electric			Island of Hawaii- Hawaii Electric Light		Island of Maui- Maui Electric		Island of Lanai- Maui Electric		Island of Molokai- Maui Electric		Total
Net generating and firm purchased capability (MW) as of December 31, 2015¹
Conventional oil-fired steam units	999.5			49.4		35.9		—		—		1,084.8
Diesel	8.0		²	27.0		96.8		10.1		9.6		151.5
Combustion turbines (peaking units)	214.8			—		—		—		—		214.8
Other combustion turbines	—			46.3		—		—		2.2		48.5
Combined-cycle unit	—			56.3		113.6		—		—		169.9
Firm contract power³	456.5			94.6		—		—		—		551.1
Other purchased capability⁵	—			—		4.0		—		—		4.0
	1,678.8			273.6		250.3		10.1		11.8		2,224.6

Net peak demand (MW)	1,206.0			191.5		202.2		5.1		5.6		1,610.4		⁴
Reserve margin	39.2	%		42.9	%	24.3	%	98.0	%	110.7	%	40.4	%
Annual load factor	67.1	%		68.2	%	64.6	%	60.5	%	64.1	%	66.9	%
KWH net generated and purchased (millions)	7,086.1			1,143.3		1,144.9		27.0		31.5		9,432.8


¹	Hawaiian Electric units at normal ratings; Maui Electric and Hawaii Electric Light units at reserve ratings.


²	Airport Dispatchable Standby Generation 8 MW.


³	Nonutility generators— Hawaiian Electric: 208 MW (Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., oil-fired), 180 MW (AES Hawaii, Inc., coal-fired), and 68.5 MW (HPower, refuse-fired); Hawaii Electric Light: 34.6 MW (Puna Geothermal Venture, geothermal) and 60 MW (Hamakua Energy Partners, L.P., oil-fired).


⁴	Noncoincident and nonintegrated.


⁵	In October 2015, the PPA between Maui Electric and HC&S was amended, changing the pricing structure and rates for energy and eliminated the capacity payment to Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company (HC&S) and Maui Electric's minimum purchase obligation. Maui Electric may still request up to 4 MW of scheduled energy during certain months and may be provided up to 16 MW of emergency power.

Generating reliability and reserve margin. Hawaiian Electric serves the island of Oahu and Hawaii Electric Light serves the island of Hawaii. Maui Electric has three separate electrical systems—one each on the islands of Maui, Molokai and Lanai. Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric have isolated electrical systems that are not currently interconnected to each other or to any other electrical grid and, thus, each maintains a higher level of reserve generation than is typically carried by interconnected mainland U.S. utilities, which are able to share reserve capacity. These higher levels of reserve margins are required to meet peak electric demands, to provide for scheduled maintenance of generating units (including the units operated by IPPs relied upon for firm capacity) and to allow for the forced outage of the largest generating unit in the system.

See “Adequacy of supply” in HEI’s MD&A under “Electric utility.”

Nonutility generation. The Company has supported state and federal energy policies which encourage the development of renewable energy sources that reduce the use of fuel oil as well as the development of qualifying facilities. The Company’s renewable energy sources and potential sources range from wind, solar, photovoltaic, geothermal, wave and hydroelectric power to energy produced by the burning of bagasse (sugarcane waste), municipal waste and other biofuels.

The rate schedules of the electric utilities contain ECACs and PPACs that allow them to recover costs of fuel and purchase power expenses. The PUC approved the PPACs for the first time for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric in March 2011, February 2012 and May 2012, respectively.

In addition to the firm capacity PPAs described below, the electric utilities also purchase energy on an as-available basis directly from nonutility generators and through its Feed-In Tariff programs. The electric utilities also receive renewable energy from customers under its Net Energy Metering programs.

The PUC has allowed rate recovery for the firm capacity and purchased energy costs for the electric utilities’ approved firm capacity and as-available energy PPAs.

Hawaiian Electric firm capacity PPAs. Hawaiian Electric currently has three major PPAs that provide a total of 456.5 MW of firm capacity, representing 27% of Hawaiian Electric’s total net generating and firm purchased capacity on Oahu as of December 31, 2015. In March 1988, Hawaiian Electric entered into a PPA with AES Barbers Point, Inc. (now known as AES Hawaii, Inc. (AES Hawaii)), a Hawaii-based, indirect subsidiary of The AES Corporation. The agreement with AES Hawaii, as amended (through Amendment No. 2), provides that, for a period of 30 years beginning September 1992, Hawaiian Electric will purchase 180 megawatts (MW) of firm capacity. The AES Hawaii 180 MW coal-fired cogeneration plant utilizes a “clean coal” technology and is designed to sell sufficient steam to be a “Qualifying Facility” (QF) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA). In August 2012, Hawaiian Electric filed an application with the PUC seeking an exemption from the PUC’s Competitive Bidding Framework to negotiate an amendment to the PPA to purchase 186 MW of firm capacity, extend the PPA term until September 2032, and amend the energy pricing formula in the PPA. The PUC approved the exemption in April 2013. In November 2015, Hawaiian Electric entered into Amendment No. 3 to the PPA, subject to PUC approval. See “Commitments and contingencies, Power purchase agreements, AES Hawaii, Inc.” in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In October 1988, Hawaiian Electric entered into an agreement with Kalaeloa Partners, L.P. (Kalaeloa), a limited partnership, which, through affiliates, contracted to design, build, operate and maintain a QF. The agreement with Kalaeloa, as amended, provided that Hawaiian Electric would purchase 180 MW of firm capacity for a period of 25 years beginning in May 1991 and terminating in May 2016. The Kalaeloa facility is a combined-cycle operation, consisting of two oil-fired combustion turbines burning low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) and a steam turbine that utilizes waste heat from the combustion turbines. Following two additional amendments, effective in 2005, Kalaeloa currently supplies Hawaiian Electric with 208 MW of firm capacity. In January 2011, Hawaiian Electric initiated renegotiation of the agreement with Kalaeloa (exempt from the PUC’s Competitive Bidding Framework).

Hawaiian Electric also entered into a PPA in March 1986 and a firm capacity amendment in April 1991 with the City and County of Honolulu with respect to a refuse-fired plant (HPower). Under the amended PPA, the HPower facility supplied Hawaiian Electric with 46 MW of firm capacity. In May 2012, Hawaiian Electric entered into an amended and restated PPA with the City and County of Honolulu to purchase additional firm capacity (including the then existing 46 MW) from the expanded HPower facility for a term of 20 years from the commercial operation date (April 2, 2013). Under the amended and restated PPA, which the PUC approved, Hawaiian Electric purchases 68.5 MW of firm capacity.

Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric firm capacity PPAs. As of December 31, 2015, Hawaii Electric Light has PPAs for 119.5 MW (of which 94.6 MW are currently available, 3.4 MW are pending and 21.5 MW are expected to be added in 2016) and Maui Electric has a PPA for up to 4 MW of scheduled energy and up to 16 MW of emergency power.

Hawaii Electric Light has a 35-year PPA with Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) for 30 MW of firm capacity from its geothermal steam facility, which will expire on December 31, 2027. In February 2011, Hawaii Electric Light and PGV amended the PPA for the pricing on a portion of the energy payments and entered into a new PPA for Hawaii Electric Light to acquire an additional 8 MW of firm, dispatchable capacity. The PUC approved the amendment and the new PPA in December 2011. PGV’s expansion became commercially operational in March 2012 for a total facility capacity of 34.6 MW.

In October 1997, Hawaii Electric Light entered into an agreement with Encogen, which has been succeeded by Hamakua Energy Partners, L. P. (HEP). The agreement requires Hawaii Electric Light to purchase up to 60 MW (net) of firm capacity for a period of 30 years, expiring on December 31, 2030. The dual-train combined-cycle DTCC facility, which primarily burns naphtha, consists of two oil-fired combustion turbines and a steam turbine that utilizes waste heat from the combustion turbines. In December 2015, Hawaii Electric Light signed an agreement to purchase the 60 MW HEP generating plant, subject to PUC approval. In February 2016, Hawaii Electric Light and Hawaiian Electric filed an application with the PUC requesting approval of Hawaii Electric Light’s purchase of the HEP Facility, the parties’ proposed financing plan, the recovery of revenue requirements for the plant additions associated with the purchase through Hawaii Electric Light’s Decoupling Rate Adjustment Mechanism above the RAM Cap, the inclusion of the costs under certain fuel contracts through Hawaii Electric Light’s ECAC and termination of the existing PPA.

In May 2012, Hawaii Electric Light signed a PPA, which the PUC approved in December 2013, with Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC (Hu Honua) for 21.5 MW of renewable, dispatchable firm capacity fueled by locally grown biomass from a facility on the island of Hawaii. Per the terms of the PPA, the Hu Honua plant was scheduled to be in service in 2016. However, Hu Honua encountered construction delays, has failed to meet its current obligations under the PPA and failed to provide adequate assurances that it can perform or has the financial means to perform. Absent compelling changes in circumstances, Hawaii Electric Light currently intends to terminate the PPA effective March 1, 2016.

Maui Electric had a PPA with HC&S for 16 MW of firm capacity. Subsequently, HC&S decreased firm capacity to 8 MW effective January 1, 2015. In October 2015, following PUC approval, an amended PPA between Maui Electric and HC&S became effective, which changed the pricing structure and rates for energy sold to Maui Electric, eliminated the capacity payment to HC&S and Maui Electric’s minimum purchase obligation, provided that Maui Electric may request up to 4 MW of scheduled energy during certain months and be provided up to 16 MW of emergency power and extended the term of the PPA from 2014 to 2017. The HC&S generating units primarily burn bagasse (sugar cane waste) along with secondary fuels of diesel oil or coal. In January 2016, HC&S announced it will discontinue the growing and harvesting of sugar cane, and provided Maui Electric with a notice of termination of the amended PPA effective January 6, 2017 since it will discontinue the growing and harvesting of sugar cane.

Fuel oil usage and supply. The rate schedules of the Company’s electric utility subsidiaries include ECACs under which electric rates (and consequently the revenues of the electric utility subsidiaries generally) are adjusted for changes in the weighted-average price paid for fuel oil and certain components of purchased power, and the relative amounts of company-generated power and purchased power. See discussion of rates and issues relating to the ECAC below under “Rates,” and “Electric utility—Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition—Regulation of electric utility rates” and “Electric utility—Material estimates and critical accounting policies–Revenues” in HEI’s MD&A.

Hawaiian Electric’s steam generating units consume LSFO and Hawaiian Electric’s combustion turbine peaking units consume diesel fuel (diesel), except for CIP CT-1 which operates exclusively on B99 grade biodiesel. A Hawaiian Electric steam unit has successfully completed a co-firing project to test burn mixtures of LSFO and biofuel.

Maui Electric’s and Hawaii Electric Light’s steam generating units burn medium sulfur fuel oil (MSFO) and Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s Maui combustion turbine generating units burn diesel. Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s Maui, Molokai and Lanai diesel engine generating units burn ultra-low-sulfur diesel and biodiesel. A Maui Electric diesel generating unit has successfully completed a biodiesel test fire project.

See the fuel oil commitments information set forth in the “Fuel contracts” section in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table sets forth the average cost of fuel oil used by Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric to generate electricity in 2015, 2014 and 2013:



	Hawaiian Electric		Hawaii Electric Light		Maui Electric		Consolidated
	$/Barrel	¢/MBtu	$/Barrel	¢/MBtu	$/Barrel	¢/MBtu	$/Barrel	¢/MBtu
2015	71.86	1,144.8	79.03	1,307.3	84.38	1,425.7	74.71	1,206.5
2014	130.71	2,075.4	121.49	2,002.5	130.51	2,198.9	129.65	2,087.6
2013	130.85	2,068.2	125.81	2,064.7	135.57	2,286.3	131.10	2,103.2

The average per-unit cost of fuel oil consumed to generate electricity for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric reflects a different volume mix of fuel types and grades as follows:



	Hawaiian Electric				Hawaii Electric Light				Maui Electric
	LSFO		Diesel/Biodiesel		MSFO		Diesel		MSFO		Diesel/Biodiesel
2015	96	%	4	%	43	%	57	%	16	%	84	%
2014	97		3		47		53		20		80
2013	98		2		53		47		18		82

In December 2000, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric executed contracts of private carriage with Hawaiian Interisland Towing, Inc. for the employment of a double-hull tank barge for the shipment of MSFO and diesel supplies from their fuel suppliers’ facilities on Oahu to storage locations on the islands of Hawaii and Maui, respectively, commencing January 1, 2002. The contracts have been extended through December 31, 2016. In July 2011, the carriage contracts were assigned to Kirby Corporation (Kirby), which provides refined petroleum and other products for marine transportation, distribution and logistics services in the U.S. domestic marine transportation industry.

Kirby never takes title to the fuel oil or diesel fuel, but does have custody and control while the fuel is in transit from Oahu. If there were an oil spill in transit, Kirby is generally contractually obligated to indemnify Hawaii Electric Light and/or Maui Electric for resulting clean-up costs, fines and damages. Kirby maintains liability insurance coverage for an amount in excess of $1 billion for oil spill related damage. State law provides a cap of $700 million on liability for releases of heavy fuel oil transported interisland by tank barge. In the event of a release, Hawaii Electric Light and/or Maui Electric may be responsible for any clean-up, damages, and/or fines that Kirby and its insurance carrier do not cover.

The prices that Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric pay for purchased energy from certain older nonutility generators are generally linked to the price of oil. The AES Hawaii energy prices vary primarily with an inflation index. The energy prices for Kalaeloa, which purchases LSFO from Hawaii Independent Energy (formerly Tesoro Hawaii Corporation), vary primarily with the price of Asian crude oil. A portion of PGV energy prices are based on the electric utilities’ respective short-run avoided energy cost rates (which vary with their composite fuel costs), subject to minimum floor rates specified in their approved PPA. HEP energy prices vary primarily with Hawaii Electric Light’s diesel costs.

The Utilities estimate that 67% of the net energy they generate or purchase will come from fossil fuel oil in 2016 compared to 70% in 2015. Hawaiian Electric generally maintains an average system fuel inventory level equivalent to 47 days of forward consumption. Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric generally maintain an average system fuel inventory level equivalent to approximately one month’s supply of both MSFO and diesel. The PPAs with AES Hawaii and HEP require that they maintain certain minimum fuel inventory levels.

Rates. Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the PUC with respect to rates, issuance of securities, accounting and certain other matters. See “Regulation” below.

Rate schedules of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries contain ECACs and PPACs. Under current law and practices, specific and separate PUC approval is not required for each rate change pursuant to automatic rate adjustment clauses previously approved by the PUC. All other rate increases require the prior approval of the PUC after public and contested case hearings. PURPA requires the PUC to periodically review the ECACs of electric and gas utilities in the state, and such clauses, as well as the rates charged by the utilities generally, are subject to change.

See “Electric utility–Most recent rate proceedings, “Electric utility–Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition–Regulation of electric utility rates” and “Electric utility–Material estimates and critical accounting policies–Revenues” in HEI’s MD&A and “Interim increases” and “Utility projects” under “Commitments and contingencies” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Public Utilities Commission and Division of Consumer Advocacy of the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs of the State of Hawaii. Randall Y. Iwase is the Chair of the PUC (for a term that will expire in June 2020) and was formerly a state legislator, Honolulu city council member, supervising deputy attorney general, and Chair of the Hawaii State Tax Review Commission. The other commissioners are Michael E. Champley (for a term that will expire in June 2016), who previously was a senior energy consultant and a senior executive with DTE Energy, and Lorraine H. Akiba (for a term that will expire in June 2018), who previously was an attorney in private practice who earlier served as the Director of the State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations.

The Executive Director of the Division of Consumer Advocacy is Jeffrey T. Ono, previously an attorney in private practice.

Competition. See “Electric utility–Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition–Competition” in HEI’s MD&A.

Electric and magnetic fields. The generation, transmission and use of electricity produces low-frequency (50Hz-60Hz) electrical and magnetic fields (EMF). While EMF has been classified as a possible human carcinogen by more than one public health organization and remains the subject of ongoing studies and evaluations, no definite causal relationship between EMF and health risks has been clearly demonstrated to date and there are no federal standards in the U.S. limiting occupational or residential exposure to 50Hz-60Hz EMF. The Utilities are continuing to monitor the ongoing research and continue to participate in utility industry funded studies on EMF and, where technically feasible and economically reasonable, continue to pursue a policy of prudent avoidance in the design and installation of new transmission and distribution facilities. Management cannot predict the impact, if any, the EMF issue may have on the Utilities in the future.

Global climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. The Company shares the concerns of many regarding the potential effects of global climate changes and the human contributions to this phenomenon, including burning of fossil fuels for electricity production, transportation, manufacturing and agricultural activities, as well as deforestation. Recognizing that effectively addressing global climate changes requires commitment by the private sector, all levels of government, and the public, the Company is committed to taking direct action to mitigate GHG emissions from its operations. See “Environmental regulation–Global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions reduction” under “Commitments and contingencies” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Legislation. See “Electric utility–Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A.

Commitments and contingencies. See “Selected contractual obligations and commitments” in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A and “Electric utility–Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition–Other regulatory and permitting

contingencies” in HEI’s MD&A, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of important commitments and contingencies.

Regulation. The PUC regulates the rates, issuance of securities, accounting and certain other aspects of the operations of Hawaiian Electric and its electric utility subsidiaries. See the previous discussion under “Rates” and the discussions under “Electric utility–Results of operations–Most recent rate proceedings” and “Electric utility–Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition–Regulation of electric utility rates” in HEI’s MD&A.

Any adverse decision or policy made or adopted by the PUC, or any prolonged delay in rendering a decision, could have a material adverse effect on consolidated Hawaiian Electric’s and the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

In January 2015, NEE and Hawaiian Electric filed an application with the PUC requesting approval of the proposed Merger. See “PUC application” in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On September 15, 2014, the State of Hawaii and the U.S. Department of Energy executed a MOU recognizing that Hawaii is embarking on the next phase of its clean energy future. The MOU provides the framework for a comprehensive, sustained effort to better realize Hawaii's vast renewable energy potential and allow it to push forward in three main areas: the power sector, transportation and energy efficiency. This next phase will focus on stimulating deployment of clean energy infrastructure as a catalyst for economic growth, energy system innovation and test bed investments.

In 2015, Hawaii’s RPS law was amended to require electric utilities to meet an RPS of 15%, 30%, 40%, 70% and 100% by December 31, 2015, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2045 respectively. Energy savings resulting from energy efficiency programs do not count toward the RPS since 2014 (only electrical generation using renewable energy as a source counts).

Certain transactions between HEI’s electric public utility subsidiaries (Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric) and HEI and affiliated interests (as defined by statute) are subject to regulation by the PUC. All contracts of $300,000 or more in a calendar year for management, supervisory, construction, engineering, accounting, legal, financial and similar services and for the sale, lease or transfer of property between a public utility and affiliated interests must be filed with the PUC to be effective, and the PUC may issue cease and desist orders if such contracts are not filed. All such “affiliated contracts” for capital expenditures (except for real property) must be accompanied by comparative price quotations from two nonaffiliates, unless the quotations cannot be obtained without substantial expense. Moreover, all transfers of $300,000 or more of real property between a public utility and affiliated interests require the prior approval of the PUC and proof that the transfer is in the best interest of the public utility and its customers. If the PUC, in its discretion, determines that an affiliated contract is unreasonable or otherwise contrary to the public interest, the utility must either revise the contract or risk disallowance of payments under the contract for rate-making purposes. In rate-making proceedings, a utility must also prove the reasonableness of payments made to affiliated interests under any affiliated contract of $300,000 or more by clear and convincing evidence.

In December 1996, the PUC issued an order in a docket that had been opened to review the relationship between HEI and Hawaiian Electric and the effects of that relationship on the operations of Hawaiian Electric. The order adopted the report of the consultant the PUC had retained and ordered Hawaiian Electric to continue to provide the PUC with periodic status reports on its compliance with the PUC Agreement (pursuant to which HEI became the holding company of Hawaiian Electric). Hawaiian Electric files such status reports annually. In the order, the PUC also required the Utilities to present a comprehensive analysis of the impact that the holding company structure and investments in nonutility subsidiaries have on a case-by-case basis on the cost of capital to each utility in future rate cases and remove any such effects from the cost of capital. The Utilities have made presentations in their subsequent rate cases to support their positions that there was no evidence that would modify the PUC’s finding that Hawaiian Electric’s access to capital did not suffer as a result of HEI’s involvement in nonutility activities and that HEI’s diversification did not permanently raise or lower the cost of capital incorporated into the rates paid by Hawaiian Electric’s utility customers.

The Utilities are not subject to regulation by the FERC under the Federal Power Act, except under Sections 210 through 212 (added by Title II of PURPA and amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992), which permit the FERC to order electric utilities to interconnect with qualifying cogenerators and small power producers, and to wheel power to other electric utilities. Title I of PURPA, which relates to retail regulatory policies for electric utilities, and Title VII of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, which addresses transmission access, also apply to the Utilities. The Utilities are also required to file various operational reports with the FERC.

Because they are located in the State of Hawaii, Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries are exempt by statute from limitations set forth in the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 on the use of petroleum as a primary energy source.

See also “HEI–Regulation” above.

Environmental regulation. Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, like other utilities, are subject to periodic inspections by federal, state and, in some cases, local environmental regulatory agencies, including agencies responsible for the regulation of water quality, air quality, hazardous and other waste and hazardous materials. These inspections may result in the identification of items needing corrective or other action. Except as otherwise disclosed in this report (see “Certain factors that may affect future results and financial condition–Environmental matters” for HEI Consolidated, the Electric utility and the Bank sections in HEI’s MD&A and Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are incorporated herein by reference), the Company believes that each subsidiary has appropriately responded to environmental conditions requiring action and that, as a result of such actions, such environmental conditions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company or Hawaiian Electric.

Water quality controls. The generating stations, substations and other utility facilities operate under federal and state water quality regulations and permits, including but not limited to the Clean Water Act National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (governing point source discharges, including wastewater and storm water discharges), Underground Injection Control (regulating disposal of wastewater into the subsurface), the Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) program, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) (governing actual or threatened oil releases and imposing strict liability on responsible parties for clean-up costs and damages to natural resources and property), and other regulations associated with discharges of oil and other substances to surface water. The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations under OPA also require certain facilities that use or store petroleum to prepare and implement SPCC Plans in order to prevent releases of petroleum to navigable waters of the U.S. The Utilities' facilities that are subject to SPCC Plan requirements, including most power plants, base yards, and certain substations, have prepared and are implementing SPCC Plans.

In 2014 and 2015, the Utilities did not experience any significant petroleum releases. The Company believes that each subsidiary’s costs of responding to petroleum releases to date will not have a material adverse effect on the respective subsidiary or the Company.

Air quality controls. The Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments of 1990, among other things, established the federal Title V Operating Permit Program (in Hawaii known as the Covered Source Permit program) and greatly expanded the regulatory requirements for monitoring and controlling hazardous air pollutants from mission sources. Under Title V, more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) affect new or modified generating units by requiring a permit to construct under the CAA Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program and the controls necessary to meet the NAAQS.

Title V operating permits have been issued for all of the Utilities’ affected generating units.

Hazardous waste and toxic substances controls. The operations of the electric utility and former freight transportation subsidiaries of HEI are subject to EPA regulations that implement provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, also known as Superfund), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), and the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

RCRA underground storage tank (UST) regulations require all facilities that use USTs for storing petroleum products to comply with established leak detection, spill prevention, standards for tank design and retrofits, financial assurance, and tank decommissioning and closure requirements. All of the Utilities’ USTs currently meet the applicable requirements.

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act under SARA Title III requires the Utilities to report potentially hazardous chemicals present in their facilities in order to provide the public with information so that emergency procedures can be established to protect the public in the event of hazardous chemical releases. All of the Utilities' facilities are in compliance with applicable annual reporting requirements to the State Emergency Planning Commission, the Local Emergency Planning Committee and local fire departments. Since January 1, 1998, the steam electric industry category has been subject to Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reporting requirements. All of the Utilities' facilities are in compliance with TRI reporting requirements.

The TSCA regulations specify procedures for the handling and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a compound found in some transformer and capacitor dielectric fluids. The TSCA regulations also apply to responses to releases of PCBs to the environment. The Utilities have instituted procedures to monitor compliance with these regulations and have implemented a program to identify and replace PCB transformers and capacitors in their systems. Management believes that all of the Utilities' facilities are currently in compliance with PCB regulations. In April 2010, the EPA issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rule Making announcing its intent to reassess PCB regulations. The EPA projects that it will publish a notice of proposed rule making in March 2016.

Hawaii’s Environmental Response Law, as amended (ERL), governs releases of hazardous substances, including oil, to the environment in areas within the state’s jurisdiction. Responsible parties under the ERL are jointly, severally, and strictly liable for a release of a hazardous substance. Responsible parties include owners or operators of a facility where a hazardous

substance is located and any person who at the time of disposal of the hazardous substance owned or operated any facility at which such hazardous substance was disposed.

The Utilities periodically identify leaking petroleum-containing equipment such as USTs, piping, and transformers. In a few instances, small amounts of PCBs have been identified in the leaking equipment. Each subsidiary reports releases from such equipment when and as required by applicable law and addresses in all material respects impacts due to the releases in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

Research and development. The Utilities expensed approximately $3.3 million, $2.9 million and $3.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, for research and development (R&D). In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the electric utilities’ contributions to the Electric Power Research Institute accounted for approximately 67%, 76% and 64% of R&D expenses, respectively. Included in the R&D expenses were amounts related to new and emerging technologies, biofuels, energy storage, demand response, environmental compliance, power quality, electric and hybrid plug in vehicles and other renewables (e.g., integration of distributed energy resources onto the utility grid, grid modernization, solar resource evaluation, advanced inverter testing, and modeling of high PV penetration circuits).

Additional information. For additional information about Hawaiian Electric, see Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A, Hawaiian Electric’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and Hawaiian Electric’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Properties. Hawaiian Electric owns and operates four generating plants on the island of Oahu at Honolulu, Waiau, Kahe and Campbell Industrial Park (CIP). These plants have an aggregate net generating capability of 1,214 MW as of December 31, 2015. Hawaiian Electric's generating plant in Honolulu was deactivated in 2014, and the City and County of Honolulu is seeking to condemn a portion of the plant site for its rail project. The four plants are situated on Hawaiian Electric-owned land having a combined area of 535 acres and three parcels of land totaling 5.5 acres under leases expiring between June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2018, with options to extend to June 30, 2026. In addition, Hawaiian Electric owns a total of 132 acres of land on which substations, transformer vaults, distribution baseyards and the Kalaeloa cogeneration facility are located.

Hawaiian Electric owns buildings and approximately 11.6 acres of land located in Honolulu which house its operating and engineering departments. It also leases an office building and certain office spaces in Honolulu, and a warehousing center in Kapolei. The lease for the office building expires in November 2021, with an option to extend through November 2024. Leases for certain office and warehouse spaces expire on various dates from March 31, 2016 through July 31, 2025, some with options to extend to various dates through December 31, 2034.

Hawaiian Electric's Barbers Point Tank Farm (BPTF) has three storage tanks with an aggregate of 1 million barrels of storage for LSFO. The BPTF is located in Campbell Industrial Park, on the same property as the CIP Generating Station, and is the central fuel storage facility where LSFO purchased by Hawaiian Electric is received and stored. From the BPTF, LSFO is transported via Hawaiian Electric owned underground pipelines to the Kahe and Waiau Power Plants. Hawaiian Electric also has fuel storage facilities at each of its plant sites with a nominal aggregate capacity of 770,000 barrels for LSFO storage, 44,000 barrels for diesel storage, and 88,000 barrels for biodiesel storage. Hawaiian Electric also owns a fuel storage facility at Iwilei that was used to provide fuel to the Honolulu Power Plant. The Honolulu Power Plant was deactivated on January 31, 2014 and any future fuel supplies will be delivered directly to the plant by truck. The Iwilei fuel storage facility's tanks and pumping infrastructure are being removed, and the facility is being reconfigured for other purposes.

Hawaii Electric Light owns and operates four generating plants on the island of Hawaii in Hilo, Waimea, Keahole and Puna, along with distributed generators at substation sites. These plants have an aggregate net generating capability of 179 MW as of December 31, 2015 (excluding several small run-of-river hydro units). Hawaii Electric Light's Shipman plant in Hilo was deactivated in 2014 and retired in 2015. The plants (including a baseyard on the same parcel as the Hilo plant) are situated on Hawaii Electric Light-owned land having a combined area of approximately 44 acres. The distributed generators are located within Hawaii Electric Light-owned substation sites having a combined area of approximately 4 acres. Hawaii Electric Light also owns fuel storage facilities at these sites with a usable storage capacity of 48,000 barrels of bunker oil and 81,802 barrels of diesel. There are an additional 19,200 barrels of diesel and 22,770 barrels of bunker oil storage capacity for Hawaii Electric Light-owned fuel off-site at Chevron Products Company (Chevron)-owned terminalling facilities. Hawaii Electric Light pays a storage fee to Chevron and has no other interest in the property, tanks or other infrastructure situated on Chevron’s property. Hawaii Electric Light also owns 6 acres of land in Kona, which is used for a baseyard, and one acre of land in Hilo, which houses its accounting, customer services and administrative offices. Hawaii Electric Light also leases 3.7 acres of land for its baseyard in Hilo under a lease expiring in 2030. In addition, Hawaii Electric Light owns a total of approximately 100 acres of land, and leases a total of approximately 8.5 acres of land, on which hydro facilities, substations and switching stations, microwave facilities, and transmission lines are located. The deeds to the sites located in Hilo contain certain restrictions, but the restrictions do not materially interfere with the use of the sites for public utility purposes.

Maui Electric owns and operates two generating plants on the island of Maui, at Kahului and Maalaea, with an aggregate net generating capability of 244.3 MW as of December 31, 2015. The plants are situated on Maui Electric-owned land having a combined area of 28.6 acres. Maui Electric’s administrative offices and engineering and distribution departments are located on 9.1 acres of Maui Electric-owned land in Kahului. Maui Electric also owns fuel oil storage facilities at these sites with a total maximum usable capacity of 81,272 barrels of bunker oil, and 94,586 barrels of diesel. There are an additional 56,358 barrels of diesel oil storage capacity for Maui Electric-owned fuel off-site at Aloha Petroleum, Ltd. (Aloha Petroleum)-owned terminalling facilities and 5,000 barrels of diesel oil storage capacity for Maui Electric-owned fuel off-site at Chevron Products Company (Chevron)-owned terminalling facilities. Maui Electric pays storage fees to Aloha Petroleum and Chevron. Maui Electric owns two 1 MW stand-by diesel generators and a 6,000 gallon fuel storage tank located in Hana. Maui Electric owns 65.7 acres of undeveloped land at Waena. Most of this Waena land is currently used for agricultural purposes by the former landowner.

Maui Electric also owns and operates smaller distribution systems, generation systems (with an aggregate net capability of 21.9 MW as of December 31, 2015) and fuel storage facilities on the islands of Lanai and Molokai, primarily on land owned by Maui Electric.

Other properties. The Utilities own overhead transmission and distribution lines, underground cables, poles (some jointly) and metal high voltage towers. Electric lines are located over or under public and nonpublic properties. Lines are added when needed to serve increased loads and/or for reliability reasons. In some design districts on Oahu, lines must be placed underground. Under Hawaii law, the PUC generally must determine whether new 46 kilovolt (kV), 69 kV or 138 kV lines can be constructed overhead or must be placed underground.

See “Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries and service areas” above for a discussion of the nonexclusive franchises of Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries. Most of the leases, easements and licenses for Hawaiian Electric’s, Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s lines have been recorded.

See “Generation statistics” above and “Limited insurance” in HEI’s MD&A for a further discussion of some of the electric utility properties.

Bank

General. ASB was granted a federal savings bank charter in January 1987. Prior to that time, ASB had operated since 1925 as the Hawaii division of American Savings & Loan Association of Salt Lake City, Utah. As of December 31, 2015, ASB was one of the largest financial institutions in the State of Hawaii based on total assets of $6.0 billion and deposits of $5.0 billion. In 2015, ASB’s revenues and net income amounted to approximately 10% and 34% of HEI’s consolidated revenues and net income, respectively, compared to approximately 8% and 31% in 2014 and approximately 8% and 36% in 2013, respectively.

At the time of HEI’s acquisition of ASB in 1988, HEI agreed with the OTS’ predecessor regulatory agency that ASB’s regulatory capital would be maintained at a level of at least 6% of ASB’s total liabilities, or at such greater amount as may be required from time to time by regulation. Under the agreement, HEI’s obligation to contribute additional capital to ensure that ASB would have the capital level required by the OTS was limited to a maximum aggregate amount of approximately $65.1 million. As of December 31, 2015, as a result of certain HEI contributions of capital to ASB, HEI’s maximum obligation under the agreement to contribute additional capital has been reduced to approximately $28.3 million. ASB is subject to OCC regulations on dividends and other distributions and ASB must receive a letter of non-objection from the OCC and FRB before it can declare and pay a dividend to HEI.

The following table sets forth selected data for ASB (average balances calculated using the average daily balances):



Years ended December 31	2015		2014		2013
Common equity to assets ratio
Average common equity divided by average total assets	9.53	%	9.87	%	9.88	%
Return on assets
Net income for common stock divided by average total assets	0.95		0.95		1.13
Return on common equity
Net income for common stock divided by average common equity	9.93		9.60		11.43

Asset/liability management. See HEI’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

Consolidated average balance sheet and interest income and interest expense. See “Bank—Results of operations—Average balance sheet and net interest margin” in HEI’s MD&A.

The following table shows the effect on net interest income of (1) changes in interest rates (change in weighted-average interest rate multiplied by prior year average balance) and (2) changes in volume (change in average balance multiplied by prior period weighted-average interest rate). Any remaining change is allocated to the above two categories on a prorata basis.



	2015 vs. 2014									2014 vs. 2013
(in thousands)	Rate			Volume			Total			Rate			Volume			Total
Interest income
Other investments	$	188		$	(27	)	$	161		$	70		$	1		$	71
Securities purchased under resale agreements	(10		)	(10		)	(20		)	1			(24		)	(23		)
Available-for-sale investment securities
Taxable	(158		)	3,471			3,313			—			144			144
Non-taxable	(214		)	(215		)	(429		)	60			(2,125		)	(2,065		)
Total available-for-sale investment securities	(372		)	3,256			2,884			60			(1,981		)	(1,921		)
Loans
Residential 1-4 family	(2,451		)	1,793			(658		)	(5,112		)	2,410			(2,702		)
Commercial real estate	(1,831		)	4,485			2,654			(636		)	4,993			4,357
Home equity line of credit	(402		)	1,197			795			1,791			3,483			5,274
Residential land	(73		)	68			(5		)	111			(313		)	(202		)
Commercial	(552		)	540			(12		)	(2,106		)	2,212			106
Consumer	1,933			734			2,667			(113		)	(348		)	(461		)
Total loans	(3,376		)	8,817			5,441			(6,065		)	12,437			6,372
Total increase (decrease) in interest income	(3,570		)	12,036			8,466			(5,934		)	10,433			4,499
Interest expense
Savings	—			(123		)	(123		)	—			(82		)	(82		)
Interest-bearing checking	—			(13		)	(13		)	—			(20		)	(20		)
Money market	—			9			9			10			8			18
Time certificates	—			(144		)	(144		)	(48		)	147			99
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank	—			—			—			459			(1,173		)	(714		)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	672			(919		)	(247		)	107			(139		)	(32		)
Total (increase) decrease in interest expense	672			(1,190		)	(518		)	528			(1,259		)	(731		)
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	(2,898	)	$	10,846		$	7,948		$	(5,406	)	$	9,174		$	3,768

See “Bank—Results of operations” in HEI’s MD&A for an explanation of significant changes in earning assets and costing liabilities.

Noninterest income. In addition to net interest income, ASB has various sources of noninterest income, including fee income from credit and debit cards, fee income from deposit liabilities, mortgage banking income and other financial products and services. See “Bank—Results of operations” in HEI’s MD&A for an explanation of significant changes in noninterest income.

Lending activities.

General. The following table sets forth the composition of ASB’s loans receivable held for investment:



December 31	2015				2014				2013				2012				2011
(dollars in thousands)	Balance			% of total	Balance			% of total	Balance			% of total	Balance			% of total	Balance			% of total
Real estate: ¹
Residential 1-4 family	$	2,069,665		44.8	$	2,044,205		46.0	$	2,006,007		48.2	$	1,866,450		49.2	$	1,926,774		52.2
Commercial real estate	690,561			14.9	531,917			12.0	440,443			10.6	375,677			9.9	331,931			9.0
Home equity line of credit	846,294			18.3	818,815			18.4	739,331			17.8	630,175			16.6	535,481			14.5
Residential land	18,229			0.4	16,240			0.4	16,176			0.4	25,815			0.7	45,392			1.2
Commercial construction	100,796			2.2	96,438			2.2	52,112			1.3	43,988			1.2	41,950			1.1
Residential construction	14,089			0.3	18,961			0.4	12,774			0.3	6,171			0.2	3,327			0.1
Total real estate	3,739,634			80.9	3,526,576			79.4	3,266,843			78.6	2,948,276			77.8	2,884,855			78.1
Commercial	758,659			16.4	791,757			17.8	783,388			18.8	721,349			19.0	716,427			19.4
Consumer	123,775			2.7	122,656			2.8	108,722			2.6	121,231			3.2	93,253			2.5
Total loans	4,622,068			100.0	4,440,989			100.0	4,158,953			100.0	3,790,856			100.0	3,694,535			100.0
Less: Deferred fees and discounts	(6,249		)		(6,338		)		(8,724		)		(11,638		)		(13,811		)
Allowance for loan losses	(50,038		)		(45,618		)		(40,116		)		(41,985		)		(37,906		)
Total loans, net	$	4,565,781			$	4,389,033			$	4,110,113			$	3,737,233			$	3,642,818


¹	Includes renegotiated loans.

The increase in the loans receivable balance in 2015 was primarily due to growth in commercial real estate, home equity lines of credit (HELOC) and residential 1-4 family loan portfolios, partly offset by a decrease in the commercial loan portfolio. The growth in the commercial real estate, HELOC and residential loan portfolios was driven by demand for this loan type and was consistent with ASB's loan growth strategy.

The increase in the loans receivable balance in 2014 was primarily due to growth in commercial real estate, HELOC, commercial construction and residential 1-4 family loan portfolios. The growth in the commercial real estate and commercial construction loan portfolios were driven by demand for these loan types as the Hawaii economy continues to improve. The growth in the HELOC and residential loan portfolios were consistent with ASB’s mix target and loan growth strategy.

The increase in the loans receivable balance in 2013 was primarily due to growth in the residential, HELOC, commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios. The growth in these portfolios was consistent with ASB’s mix target and loan growth strategy.

The increase in the loans receivable balance in 2012 and 2011 was primarily due to growth in commercial, commercial real estate, consumer and HELOC loans as ASB targeted these portfolios because of their shorter duration and/or variable rates. Offsetting these 2012 and 2011 loan portfolio increases was a decrease in the residential loan portfolio. Although ASB produced nearly $1.0 billion of new, long-term residential loans in 2012, nearly double the level for 2011, it sold more than half those loans to control interest rate risk and repayments were also higher than in 2011.

The following table summarizes our loans receivable held for investment based upon contractually scheduled principal payments allocated to the indicated maturity categories:



December 31	2015
Due	In 1 year or less		After 1 year through 5 years		After 5 years		Total
(in millions)
Commercial – Fixed	$	47	$	119	$	18	$	184
Commercial – Adjustable	216		306		53		575
Total commercial	263		425		71		759
Commercial construction – Fixed	6		—		—		6
Commercial construction – Adjustable	30		65		—		95
Total commercial construction	36		65		—		101
Residential construction – Fixed	14		—		—		14
Residential construction – Adjustable	—		—		—		—
Total residential construction	14		—		—		14
Total loans – Fixed	67		119		18		204
Total loans – Adjustable	246		371		53		670
Total loans	$	313	$	490	$	71	$	874

Origination, purchase and sale of loans. Generally, residential and commercial real estate loans originated by ASB are collateralized by real estate located in Hawaii. For additional information, including information concerning the geographic distribution of ASB’s mortgage-related securities portfolio and the geographic concentration of credit risk, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The demand for loans is primarily dependent on the Hawaii real estate market, business conditions, interest rates and loan refinancing activity.

Residential mortgage lending. ASB originates fixed rate and adjustable rate loans secured by single family residential property, including investor-owned properties, with maturities of up to 30 years. ASB’s general policy is to require private mortgage insurance when the loan-to-value ratio of the property exceeds 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination. For non-owner-occupied residential properties, the loan-to-value ratio may not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination.

Construction and development lending. ASB provides fixed rate loans for the construction of one-to-four unit residential and commercial properties. Construction loan projects are typically short term in nature. Construction and development financing generally involves a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Accordingly, construction and development loans are generally priced higher than loans collateralized by completed structures. ASB’s underwriting, monitoring and disbursement practices with respect to construction and development financing are designed to ensure sufficient funds are available to complete construction projects. See “Loan portfolio risk elements” and “Multifamily residential and commercial real estate lending” below.

Multifamily residential and commercial real estate lending. ASB provides permanent financing and construction and development financing collateralized by multifamily residential properties (including apartment buildings) and collateralized by commercial and industrial properties (including office buildings, shopping centers and warehouses) for its own portfolio as well as for participation with other lenders. Commercial real estate lending typically involves long lead times to originate and fund. As a result, production results can vary significantly from period to period.

Consumer lending. ASB offers a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loans. Loans collateralized by deposits are limited to 90% of the available account balance. ASB offers home equity lines of credit, clean energy loans, secured and unsecured VISA cards (through a third party issuer), checking account overdraft protection and other general purpose consumer loans.

Commercial lending. ASB provides both secured and unsecured commercial loans to business entities. This lending activity is designed to diversify ASB’s asset structure, shorten maturities, improve rate sensitivity of the loan portfolio and attract commercial checking deposits. ASB offers commercial loans with terms up to ten years.

Loan origination fee and servicing income. In addition to interest earned on residential mortgage loans, ASB receives income from servicing loans, for late payments and from other related services. Servicing fees are received on loans originated and subsequently sold by ASB where ASB acts as collection agent on behalf of third-party purchasers.

ASB charges the borrower at loan settlement a loan origination fee. See “Loans receivable” in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loan portfolio risk elements. When a borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan and does not cure the delinquency promptly, the loan is classified as delinquent. If delinquencies are not cured promptly, ASB normally commences a collection action, including foreclosure proceedings in the case of real estate secured loans. In a foreclosure action, the property collateralizing the delinquent debt is sold at a public auction in which ASB may participate as a bidder to protect its interest. If ASB is the successful bidder, the property is classified as real estate owned until it is sold. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, ASB had $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of real estate acquired in settlement of loans.

In addition to delinquent loans, other significant lending risk elements include: (1) loans which accrue interest and are 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, (2) loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis (nonaccrual loans), and (3) loans on which various concessions are made with respect to interest rate, maturity, or other terms due to the inability of the borrower to service the obligation under the original terms of the agreement (troubled debt restructured loans). ASB loans that were 90 days or more past due on which interest was being accrued as of December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were immaterial or nil. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to nonaccrual and troubled debt restructured loans:



December 31	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans—
Real estate
Residential 1-4 family	$	20,554	$	19,253	$	19,679	$	26,721	$	28,298
Commercial real estate	1,188		5,112		4,439		6,750		3,436
Home equity line of credit	2,254		1,087		2,060		2,349		2,258
Residential land	970		720		3,161		8,561		14,535
Residential construction	—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate	24,966		26,172		29,339		44,381		48,527
Commercial	20,174		10,053		18,781		20,222		17,946
Consumer	895		661		401		284		281
Total nonaccrual loans	$	46,035	$	36,886	$	48,521	$	64,887	$	66,754
Troubled debt restructured loans not included above—
Real estate
Residential 1-4 family	$	13,962	$	13,525	$	9,744	$	6,759	$	5,029
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—
Home equity line of credit	2,467		480		171		—		—
Residential land	4,713		7,130		7,476		11,090		24,828
Total real estate	21,142		21,135		17,391		17,849		29,857
Commercial	1,104		2,972		1,649		43		15,386
Total troubled debt restructured loans	$	22,246	$	24,107	$	19,040	$	17,892	$	45,243

Impact of nonperforming loans on interest income. The following table presents the gross interest income for both nonaccrual and restructured loans that would have been recognized if such loans had been current in accordance with their original contractual terms, and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination if held for only part of the period. The table also presents the interest income related to these loans that was actually recognized for the period.



(dollars in millions)	Year ended December 31, 2015
Gross amount of interest income that would have been recorded in accordance with original contractual terms, and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination, if held for only part of the period¹	$	3
Interest income actually recognized	1
Total interest income foregone	$	2


¹	Based on the contractual rate that was being charged at the time the loan was restructured or placed on nonaccrual status.

In 2015, nonaccrual loans increased $9.1 million primarily due to higher nonaccrual commercial loans of $10.1 million. ASB evaluates a restructured loan transaction to determine if the borrower is in financial difficulty and if the restructured terms are considered concessions—typically terms that are out of market, beyond normal or reasonable standards, or otherwise not available to a non-troubled borrower in the normal market place. A loan classified as TDR must meet both criteria of financial difficulty and concession. TDR loans decreased $1.9 million in 2015 primarily due to decreases of $2.4 million and $1.9 million of residential land and commercial loans, respectively, classified as TDR. HELOC loans classified as TDR increased by $2.0 million.

In 2014, nonaccrual loans decreased $11.6 million primarily due to the payoff of commercial loans that were on nonaccrual status and repayments in the residential land portfolio. TDR loans increased $5.1 million in 2014 primarily due to increases of $3.8 million and $1.3 million of residential 1-4 and commercial loans, respectively, classified as TDR.

In 2013, nonaccrual loans decreased $16.4 million due to improved credit quality in the residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate and commercial loans, and repayments in the residential land portfolio. The improvement is attributed to the continued stabilization or increase of property values, more financial flexibility of borrowers, and overall general economic improvement in the State of Hawaii. TDR loans increased $1.1 million in 2013 primarily due to increases of $3.0 million and $1.6 million of residential 1-4 and commercial loans, respectively, classified as TDR, partly offset by a $3.6 million decrease in residential land loans classified as TDR.

In 2012, nonaccrual loans decreased by $1.9 million due to improved credit quality in the residential 1-4 family and consumer portfolios (residential 1-4 family lower by $1.6 million and residential land loans lower by $5.9 million), partially offset by higher nonaccrual commercial real estate and commercial loans of $5.6 million. The improvement was attributed to stabilized or increasing property values, more financial flexibility of borrowers and overall general economic improvement in the State of Hawaii. TDR loans decreased by $27.4 million in 2012 due to decreases of $15.3 million and $13.7 million of commercial loans and residential land loans, respectively, classified as TDR.

Allowance for loan losses. See “Allowance for loan losses” in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for loan losses:



(dollars in thousands)	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
Allowance for loan losses, January 1	$	45,618	$	40,116	$	41,985	$	37,906	$	40,646
Provision for loan losses	6,275		6,126		1,507		12,883		15,009
Charge-offs
Residential 1-4 family	356		987		1,162		3,183		5,528
Home equity line of credit	205		196		782		716		1,439
Residential land	—		81		485		2,808		4,071
Total real estate	561		1,264		2,429		6,707		11,038
Commercial	1,074		1,872		3,056		3,606		5,335
Consumer	4,791		2,414		2,717		2,517		3,117
Total charge-offs	6,426		5,550		8,202		12,830		19,490
Recoveries
Residential 1-4 family	226		1,180		1,881		1,328		110
Home equity line of credit	80		752		358		108		25
Residential land	507		469		868		1,443		170
Total real estate	813		2,401		3,107		2,879		305
Commercial	2,773		1,636		1,089		649		869
Consumer	985		889		630		498		567
Total recoveries	4,571		4,926		4,826		4,026		1,741
Allowance for loan losses, December 31	$	50,038	$	45,618