Performance Overview
For the 12 months under review, Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund had cumulative total returns of +8.17% based on market price and +4.86% based on net asset value. The Fund underperformed U.S. dollar-denominated emerging market bonds, as measured by the J.P. Morgan (JPM) Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI) Global, which posted a +13.85% cumulative total return in U.S. dollar terms for the same period.1 You can find the Funds long-term performance data in the Performance Summary on page 6.
Economic and Market Overview
The global economic recovery was mixed during the period under review. Emerging markets continued to lead the recovery as several emerging economies returned to or exceeded their pre-crisis activity levels. Although some developed economies, such as those of Australia and some Scandinavian countries, also enjoyed relatively strong recoveries, growth in the G-3 (U.S., eurozone and Japan) was slow by the standards of previous recoveries. Nonetheless, economic reports from the largest economies proved inconsistent with some dire predictions of a severe global economic slowdown.
Fears of European sovereign debt default, the possibility of another U.S. recession, and Chinas potential hard landing dominated financial headlines early in the period. These concerns contributed to heightened market volatility as investors vacillated between risk assets and perceived safe-haven assets in response to the latest political developments. Despite ongoing uncertainty, eurozone leaders made meaningful progress and began to deploy policy solutions aimed at correcting long-unaddressed structural issues. Risk assets rallied in January and February, and overall, stock markets in the developed world generally ended the period higher than a year ago.
Globally, central bankers continued to pursue historically accommodative monetary policies. Among the G-3, the Bank of Japan and U.S. Federal Reserve Board (Fed) maintained their respective policy rates, while the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented three 25-basis-point (bps; 100 bps equal one percentage point) rate reductions. Elsewhere, many policymakers paused their tightening cycles or reduced rates in response to the risks to domestic activity from a potential deterioration in the global outlook.
1. Source: © 2012 Morningstar. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Country and regional bond market returns are based on subindexes of the JPM EMBI Global. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The index is unmanaged and includes reinvested interest. One cannot invest directly in an index, and an index is not representative of the Funds portfolio.
2 | Annual Report
In addition to rate adjustments, central bankers employed a variety of policy tools. Beginning in December, the ECBs Long-Term Refinancing Operation injected significant liquidity into the European banking system and helped reduce fears of a disorderly sovereign credit event and its potential fallout. The U.S. Fed increased the average maturity of its Treasury holdings in an effort to put downward pressure on longer term rates, and the Bank of England and Bank of Japan expanded their respective asset purchase programs. Similarly, Chinese officials signaled a desire to pursue fine tuning, which included three 50 bps reductions in the reserve requirement ratio.
Investment Strategy
We invest selectively in bonds from emerging markets around the world to generate income for the Fund, seeking opportunities while monitoring changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and credit risk. We seek to manage the Funds exposure to various currencies and may use currency forward contracts.
Managers Discussion
The Fund purchased investment-grade and subinvestment-grade hard currency-denominated sovereign debt that typically compensates for greater credit risk by offering higher yields relative to U.S. Treasury and European benchmark bonds. Heightened risk aversion early in the period led spreads to widen between yields on sovereign credits and their underlying risk-free assets, such as U.S. Treasuries. These spreads narrowed in the first quarter of 2012 before spiking in May 2012 amid renewed political uncertainty in the eurozone. Sovereign credit spreads narrowed late in the period and ended the year under review at lower levels than a year earlier as financial markets began recognizing the underlying strength of emerging economies. Overall, sovereign credit spreads narrowed 29 bps during the year.2 At the end of the reporting period, governments of many countries traditionally considered emerging markets could borrow more cheaply than some eurozone members and, in several cases, U.S. states. U.S. dollar-denominated emerging market debt posted a +13.85% total return during the year, as measured by the JPM Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI) Global.2 Regionally, Latin American sovereign debt posted a +17.08% total return, Asian debt a total return of +11.21%, and central and eastern European debt a total return +11.85%, as measured by subindexes of the JPM EMBI Global.2
As part of its investment strategy, the Fund used currency forward contracts to limit or add exposure to various currencies.
2. Source: J.P. Morgan.
Annual Report | 3
Latin America
The Funds Latin American interest rate strategies contributed to performance, while currency positions and sovereign credit exposures detracted. The year under review was favorable for the region as economic recovery continued. As market risk aversion led the U.S. dollar to strengthen during the year, several Latin American currencies depreciated against the U.S. dollar. Over the year, the Brazilian real declined 21.73%, the Mexican peso fell 6.82% and the Chilean peso depreciated 3.42% against the U.S. dollar.3 Although currency fluctuations detracted from performance, select regional duration exposures contributed to the Funds total return.
Europe-Middle East-Africa (EMEA)
The Funds sovereign credit exposures in the EMEA region contributed to performance as narrowing credit spreads led several holdings to appreciate. The continued recovery in global economic activity supported the region as a whole. The Funds currency positions and interest rate strategies in the region had a relatively limited effect.
Asia
Asian economies continued to lead the global recovery as fears of hard landings in the region subsided somewhat. Although strong growth in China helped support economic activity in the region as a whole, risk aversion led several regional currencies to depreciate against the U.S. dollar, and our exposures to Asian currencies hurt absolute performance overall. Malaysias central bank paused its tightening cycle while Philippine officials cut rates. The South Korean won, Indonesian rupiah, Malaysian ringgit, Indian rupee and Singapore dollar all depreciated against the U.S. dollar. Because the Fund maintained little duration exposure in Asia, the effects of interest rate strategies in the region were limited. The Funds regional sovereign credit exposures also had a limited effect.
With interest rates in the U.S. and Japan at historically low levels, significant central bank balance sheet expansion, and unprecedented fiscal expenditures that drove record funding needs, we remained cautious regarding U.S. Treasuries over the medium term. Because of the potentially detrimental effect of a steepening of the U.S. Treasury yield curve on the value of dollar-denominated emerging market debt, we maintained net-negative exposure to the Japanese yen, through the use of currency forward contracts. Given the yens historical tendency to depreciate against the dollar as yield spreads widen between U.S. and Japanese government bonds, net-negative yen positioning
3. Source: IDC/Exshare.
4 | Annual Report
has the potential to implicitly hedge against the interest rate risk of U.S. dollar-
denominated debt. This strategy had a limited effect on Fund performance as
the yen did not depreciate significantly against the U.S. dollar for the year and
U.S. Treasury yields remained at historical lows.
Thank you for your continued participation in Templeton Emerging Markets
Income Fund. We look forward to serving your future investment needs.
The foregoing information reflects our analysis, opinions and portfolio holdings as of August 31, 2012, the end of
the reporting period. The way we implement our main investment strategies and the resulting portfolio holdings
may change depending on factors such as market and economic conditions. These opinions may not be relied
upon as investment advice or an offer for a particular security. The information is not a complete analysis of
every aspect of any market, country, industry, security or the Fund. Statements of fact are from sources
considered reliable, but the investment manager makes no representation or warranty as to their completeness
or accuracy. Although historical performance is no guarantee of future results, these insights may help you
understand our investment management philosophy.
*Holding is a negative percentage because of the Funds
holdings of currency forward contracts.
Annual Report | 5
Performance Summary as of 8/31/12
Your dividend income will vary depending on dividends or interest paid by securities in the Funds
portfolio, adjusted for operating expenses. Capital gain distributions are net profits realized from
the sale of portfolio securities. Total return reflects reinvestment of the Funds dividends and capital
gain distributions, if any, and any unrealized gains or losses. Total returns do not reflect any sales
charges paid at inception or brokerage commissions paid on secondary market purchases. The
performance table does not reflect any taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund dividends,
capital gain distributions, if any, or any realized gains on the sale of Fund shares.
Performance data represent past performance, which does not guarantee future results. Investment return and principal value
will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares. Current performance may differ from figures shown.
Endnotes
All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal. Changes in interest rates will affect the value of the Funds portfolio and its
share price and yield. Bond prices generally move in the opposite direction of interest rates. Thus, as prices of bonds in the Fund adjust to a rise
in interest rates, the Funds share price may decline. Currency rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, and can reduce
returns. Derivatives, including currency management strategies, involve costs and can create economic leverage in the portfolio that may result
in significant volatility and cause the Fund to participate in losses (as well as enable gains) on an amount that exceeds the Funds initial
investment. The Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits and may realize losses when a counterparty fails to perform as promised. Special
risks are associated with foreign investing, which may be heightened in developing markets, including currency rate fluctuations, economic
instability and political developments. The Fund is also nondiversified, which involves the risk of greater price fluctuation than a more diversified
portfolio. Changes in the financial strength of a bond issuer or in a bonds credit rating may affect its value. The Fund is actively managed but
there is no guarantee that the managers investment decisions will produce the desired results.
1. Total return calculations represent the cumulative and average annual changes in value of an investment over the periods indicated.
2. Assumes reinvestment of distributions based on net asset value.
3. Assumes reinvestment of distributions based on the dividend reinvestment and cash purchase plan.
6 | Annual Report
Important Notice to Shareholders
Share Repurchase Program
The Funds Board previously authorized management to implement an open-market share repurchase program pursuant to which the Fund may purchase Fund shares, from time to time, in open-market transactions, at the discretion of management. This authorization remains in effect.
Change to Certain Investment Strategies
The Funds Board of Trustees has authorized the Fund to increase use of currency forward contracts for hedging and investment purposes so that the Fund may maintain a significant exposure to these instruments when the investment manager believes it is advisable to do so. Currency forwards are used to manage and implement various currency exposures. A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific foreign currency at an agreed exchange rate (price) at a future date, which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. Through the use of currency derivatives, the Fund can hedge or decrease its exposure to one currency (which may include establishing or increasing a short position), while increasing exposure to another currency.
Investing in derivative instruments, including currency forward contracts, involves risk. The performance of derivative instruments (including currency related derivatives) depends largely on the performance of an underlying currency, security or index and such instruments often have risks similar to their underlying instrument, in addition to other risks. Derivatives involve costs and can create economic leverage in the portfolio which may result in significant volatility and cause the Fund to participate in losses (as well as enable gains) on an amount that exceeds the Funds initial investment. Other risks include illiquidity in the Fund, mispricing or improper valuation, and imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument so that the Fund may not realize the intended benefits. When used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the currency, security or other risk being hedged. The Fund is actively managed but there is no guarantee that the investment managers investment decisions will produce the desired results.
The Funds investment goals, as well as its other investment policies, restrictions and tax diversification requirements, remain the same as previously disclosed for the Fund.
Annual Report | 7
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Financial Highlights
8 | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
10 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
Rounds to less than 0.1% of net assets.
*The principal amount is stated in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.
aSecurity is linked to the Argentine GDP and does not pay principal over the life of the security or at expiration. The holder is entitled to receive only variable payments, subject to
certain conditions, which are based on growth of the Argentine GDP and the principal or notional value of this GDP linked security.
bThe coupon rate shown represents the rate at period end.
cPrincipal amount is stated in 1,000 Brazilian Real Units.
dRedemption price at maturity is adjusted for inflation. See Note 1(h).
eSecurity was purchased pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 and may be sold in transactions exempt from registration only to qualified institutional buyers or in
a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933. These securities have been deemed liquid under guidelines approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. At August 31,
2012, the aggregate value of these securities was $386,512,691, representing 50.92% of net assets.
Annual Report | 13
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
fSecurity was purchased pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, which exempts from registration securities offered and sold outside of the United States. Such a
security cannot be sold in the United States without either an effective registration statement filed pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, or pursuant to an exemption from registration.
These securities have been deemed liquid under guidelines approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. At August 31, 2012, the aggregate value of these securities was $43,621,551,
representing 5.75% of net assets.
gPrincipal amount is stated in 100 Mexican Peso Units.
hA supranational organization is an entity formed by two or more central governments through international treaties.
iSee Note 1(e) regarding loan participation notes.
jSee Note 1(f) regarding credit-linked notes.
kThe security is traded on a discount basis with no stated coupon rate.
lNon-income producing.
mSee Note 7 regarding investments in the Institutional Fiduciary Trust Money Market Portfolio.
At August 31, 2012, the Fund had the following forward exchange contracts outstanding. See Note 1(c).
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Statement of Investments, August 31, 2012 (continued)
At August 31, 2012, the Fund had the following interest rate swap contracts outstanding. See Note 1(c).
Annual Report | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | 15
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Financial Statements
Statement of Assets and Liabilities
August 31, 2012
16 | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Financial Statements (continued)
Statement of Operations
for the year ended August 31, 2012
Annual Report | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | 17
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Financial Statements (continued)
18 | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements
1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund (Fund) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (1940 Act) as a closed-end investment company.
The following summarizes the Funds significant accounting policies.
a. Financial Instrument Valuation
The Funds investments in financial instruments are carried at fair value daily. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Under procedures approved by the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board), the Funds administrator, investment manager and other affiliates have formed the Valuation and Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC). The VLOC provides administration and oversight of the Funds valuation policies and procedures, which are approved annually by the Board. Among other things, these procedures allow the Fund to utilize independent pricing services, quotations from securities and financial instrument dealers, and other market sources to determine fair value.
Debt securities generally trade in the over-the-counter (OTC) market rather than on a securities exchange. The Funds pricing services use multiple valuation techniques to determine fair value. In instances where sufficient market activity exists, the pricing services may utilize a market-based approach through which quotes from market makers are used to determine fair value. In instances where sufficient market activity may not exist or is limited, the pricing services also utilize proprietary valuation models which may consider market characteristics such as benchmark yield curves, credit spreads, estimated default rates, anticipated market interest rate volatility, coupon rates, anticipated timing of principal repayments, underlying collateral, and other unique security features in order to estimate the relevant cash flows, which are then discounted to calculate the fair value. Securities denominated in a foreign currency are converted into their U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE on the date that the values of the foreign debt securities are determined. Derivative financial instruments (derivatives) listed on an exchange are valued at the official closing price of the day. Investments in open-end mutual funds are valued at the closing net asset value.
Certain derivatives trade in the OTC market. The Funds pricing services use various techniques including industry standard option pricing models and proprietary discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of those instruments. The Funds net benefit or obligation under the derivative contract, as measured by the fair market value of the contract, is included in net assets.
The Fund has procedures to determine the fair value of financial instruments for which market prices are not reliable or readily available. Under these procedures, the VLOC convenes on a regular basis to review such financial instruments and considers a number of factors, including significant unobservable valuation inputs, when arriving at fair value. The VLOC primarily employs a market-based approach which may use related or comparable assets or liabilities, recent transactions, market multiples, book values, and other relevant information for the investment to determine the fair value of the investment. An income-based valuation approach
Annual Report | 19
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
a. | Financial Instrument Valuation (continued) |
may also be used in which the anticipated future cash flows of the investment are discounted to calculate fair value. Discounts may also be applied due to the nature or duration of any restrictions on the disposition of the investments. Due to the inherent uncertainty of valuations of such investments, the fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had an active market existed. The VLOC employs various methods for calibrating these valuation approaches including a regular review of key inputs and assumptions, transactional back-testing or disposition analysis, and reviews of any related market activity.
Trading in securities on foreign securities stock exchanges and OTC markets may be completed before the daily close of business on the NYSE. Occasionally, events occur between the time at which trading in a foreign security is completed and the close of the NYSE that might call into question the reliability of the value of a portfolio security held by the Fund. As a result, differences may arise between the value of the Funds portfolio securities as determined at the foreign market close and the latest indications of value at the close of the NYSE. In order to minimize the potential for these differences, the VLOC monitors price movements following the close of trading in foreign stock markets through a series of country specific market proxies (such as baskets of American Depositary Receipts, futures contracts and exchange traded funds). These price movements are measured against established trigger thresholds for each specific market proxy to assist in determining if an event has occurred that may call into question the reliability of the values of the foreign securities held by the Fund. If such an event occurs, the securities may be valued using fair value procedures, which may include the use of independent pricing services.
b. Foreign Currency Translation
Portfolio securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based on the exchange rate of such currencies against U.S. dollars on the date of valuation. The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to facilitate transactions denominated in a foreign currency. Purchases and sales of securities, income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date. Portfolio securities and assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies contain risks that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Occasionally, events may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the Board.
The Fund does not separately report the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates from changes in market prices on securities held. Such changes are included in net realized and unrealized gain or loss from investments on the Statement of Operations.
Realized foreign exchange gains or losses arise from sales of foreign currencies, currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions and the difference
20 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
b. | Foreign Currency Translation (continued) |
between the recorded amounts of dividends, interest, and foreign withholding taxes and the U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses arise from changes in foreign exchange rates on foreign denominated assets and liabilities other than investments in securities held at the end of the reporting period.
c. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Fund invested in derivatives in order to manage risk or gain exposure to various other investments or markets. Derivatives are financial contracts based on an underlying or notional amount, require no initial investment or an initial net investment that is smaller than would normally be required to have a similar response to changes in market factors, and require or permit net settlement. Derivatives contain various risks including the potential inability of the counterparty to fulfill their obligations under the terms of the contract, the potential for an illiquid secondary market, and/or the potential for market movements which expose the Fund to gains or losses in excess of the amounts shown on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Realized gain and loss and unrealized appreciation and depreciation on these contracts for the period are included in the Statement of Operations.
The Funds investments in OTC derivatives are subject to the terms of International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements and other related agreements between the Fund and certain derivative counterparties. These agreements contain various provisions, including but not limited to collateral requirements, events of default, requirements for the Fund to maintain certain net asset levels and/or limit the decline in net assets over various periods of time. Should the Fund fail to meet any of these provisions, the derivative counterparty has the right to terminate the derivative contract and require immediate payment by the Fund for those OTC derivatives with that particular counterparty that are in a net unrealized loss position. At August 31, 2012, the Fund had OTC derivatives in a net unrealized loss position of $1,337,779 and the aggregate value of collateral pledged for such contracts was $1,100,000.
The Fund entered into OTC forward exchange contracts primarily to manage and/or gain exposure to certain foreign currencies. A forward exchange contract is an agreement between the Fund and a counterparty to buy or sell a foreign currency for a specific exchange rate on a future date. Pursuant to the terms of the forward exchange contracts, cash or securities may be required to be deposited as collateral. Unrestricted cash may be invested according to the Funds investment objectives.
The Fund entered into OTC interest rate swap contracts primarily to manage interest rate risk. An interest rate swap is an agreement between the Fund and a counterparty to exchange cash flows based on the difference between two interest rates, applied to a notional principal amount. Over the term of the contract, contractually required payments to be paid and to be received are
Annual Report | 21
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
c. Derivative Financial Instruments (continued)
accrued daily and recorded as unrealized depreciation and appreciation until the payments are made, at which time they are realized. Pursuant to the terms of the interest rate swap contract, cash or securities may be required to be deposited as collateral. Unrestricted cash may be invested according to the Fund’s investment objectives.
At August 31, 2012, the Fund held $1,496,613 in United Kingdom Treasury Bonds and Notes and United States Treasury Bonds and Notes as collateral for derivatives.
See Note 10 regarding other derivative information.
d. Restricted Cash
At August 31, 2012, the Fund held restricted cash in connection with investments in certain derivative securities. Restricted cash is held in a segregated account with the counterparty broker and is reflected in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
e. Loan Participation Notes
The Fund invests in loan participation notes (“Participations”). Participations are loans originally issued to a borrower by one or more financial institutions (the “Lender”) and subsequently sold to other investors, such as the Fund. Participations typically result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with the Lender, and not with the borrower. The Fund has the right to receive from the Lender any payments of principal, interest and fees which the Lender received from the borrower. The Fund generally has no rights to either enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement or to any collateral relating to the original loan. As a result, the Fund assumes the credit risk of both the borrower and the Lender that is selling the Participation. The Participations may also involve interest rate risk and liquidity risk, including the potential default or insolvency of the borrower and/or the Lender.
f. Credit-Linked Notes
The Fund purchases credit-linked notes. Credit-linked notes are intended to replicate the economic effects that would apply had the Fund directly purchased the underlying reference asset. The risks of credit-linked notes include the potential default of the underlying reference asset, the potential inability of the Fund to dispose of the credit-linked note in the normal course of business, and the possible inability of the counterparties to fulfill their obligations under the contracts.
g. Income and Deferred Taxes
It is the Fund’s policy to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code. The Fund intends to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its taxable income and net realized gains to relieve it from federal income and excise taxes. As a result, no provision for U.S. federal income taxes is required.
22 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
g. | Income and Deferred Taxes (continued) |
The Fund may be subject to foreign taxation related to income received, capital gains on the sale of securities and certain foreign currency transactions in the foreign jurisdictions in which it invests. Foreign taxes, if any, are recorded based on the tax regulations and rates that exist in the foreign markets in which the Fund invests. When a capital gain tax is determined to apply the Fund records an estimated deferred tax liability in an amount that would be payable if the securities were disposed of on the valuation date.
The Fund recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities based on the technical merits of the tax position. As of August 31, 2012, and for all open tax years, the Fund has determined that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits is required in the Funds financial statements related to uncertain tax positions taken on a tax return (or expected to be taken on future tax returns). Open tax years are those that remain subject to examination and are based on each tax jurisdiction statute of limitation.
h. Security Transactions, Investment Income, Expenses and Distributions
Security transactions are accounted for on trade date. Realized gains and losses on security transactions are determined on a specific identification basis. Interest income and estimated expenses are accrued daily. Amortization of premium and accretion of discount on debt securities are included in interest income. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date and are determined according to income tax regulations (tax basis). Distributable earnings determined on a tax basis may differ from earnings recorded in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These differences may be permanent or temporary. Permanent differences are reclassified among capital accounts to reflect their tax character. These reclassifications have no impact on net assets or the results of operations. Temporary differences are not reclassified, as they may reverse in subsequent periods.
Inflation-indexed bonds are adjusted for inflation through periodic increases or decreases in the securitys interest accruals, face amount, or principal redemption value, by amounts corresponding to the rate of inflation as measured by an index. Any increase or decrease in the face amount or principal redemption value will be included as interest income on the Statement of Operations.
i. Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Annual Report | 23
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
j. | Guarantees and Indemnifications |
Under the Funds organizational documents, its officers and trustees are indemnified by the Fund
against certain liabilities arising out of the performance of their duties to the Fund. Additionally,
in the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts with service providers that contain
general indemnification clauses. The Funds maximum exposure under these arrangements is
unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet
occurred. Currently, the Fund expects the risk of loss to be remote.
2. SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
At August 31, 2012, there were an unlimited number of shares authorized (without par value).
Transactions in the Funds shares were as follows:
The Board previously authorized an open-market share repurchase program pursuant to which
the Fund may purchase, from time to time, Fund shares in open-market transactions, at the
discretion of management. This authorization remains in effect. Through August 31, 2012, the
Fund had repurchased a total of 610,500 shares. During the years ended August 31, 2012 and
August 31, 2011, there were no shares repurchased.
3. TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES
Franklin Resources, Inc. is the holding company for various subsidiaries that together are
referred to as Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers and trustees of the Fund are also
officers and/or directors of the following subsidiaries:
24 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
3. | TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES (continued) |
a. | Management Fees |
The Fund pays an investment management fee to Advisers based on the average daily net assets
of the Fund as follows:
b. Administrative Fees
The Fund pays an administrative fee to FT Services of 0.15% per year of the average daily net
assets of the Fund.
4. EXPENSE OFFSET ARRANGEMENT
The Fund has entered into an arrangement with its custodian whereby credits realized as a result
of uninvested cash balances are used to reduce a portion of the Funds custodian expenses.
During the year ended August 31, 2012, there were no credits earned.
5. INCOME TAXES
The tax character of distributions paid during the years ended August 31, 2012 and 2011, was
as follows:
Annual Report | 25
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
5. INCOME TAXES (continued)
At August 31, 2012, the cost of investments, net unrealized appreciation (depreciation),
undistributed ordinary income and undistributed long term capital gains for income tax
purposes were as follows:
Differences between income and/or capital gains as determined on a book basis and a tax basis
are primarily due to differing treatments of foreign currency transactions, tax straddles and
notional principal contracts.
6. INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Purchases and sales of investments (excluding short term securities) for the year ended
August 31, 2012, aggregated $125,601,779 and $115,301,869, respectively.
7. INVESTMENTS IN INSTITUTIONAL FIDUCIARY TRUST MONEY MARKET PORTFOLIO
The Fund invests in the Institutional Fiduciary Trust Money Market Portfolio (Sweep Money
Fund), an open-end investment company managed by Advisers. Management fees paid by the
Fund are reduced on assets invested in the Sweep Money Fund, in an amount not to exceed the
management and administrative fees paid by the Sweep Money Fund.
8. CREDIT RISK
At August 31, 2012, the Fund had 57.83% of its portfolio invested in high yield or other securities
rated below investment grade. These securities may be more sensitive to economic conditions
causing greater price volatility and are potentially subject to a greater risk of loss due to default
than higher rated securities.
9. CONCENTRATION OF RISK
Investing in foreign securities may include certain risks and considerations not typically
associated with investing in U.S. securities, such as fluctuating currency values and changing
local and regional economic, political and social conditions, which may result in greater market
volatility. In addition, certain foreign securities may not be as liquid as U.S. securities.
26 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Fund follows a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market data obtained from
independent sources (observable inputs) and the Funds own market assumptions (unobservable
inputs). These inputs are used in determining the value of the Funds financial instruments and
are summarized in the following fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 quoted prices in active markets for identical financial instruments
Level 2 other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar financial
instruments, interest rates, prepayment speed, credit risk, etc.)
Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (including the Funds own assumptions in
determining the fair value of financial instruments)
The inputs or methodology used for valuing financial instruments are not an indication of the risk
associated with investing in those financial instruments.
For movements between the levels within the fair value hierarchy, the Fund has adopted a policy
of recognizing the transfers as of the date of the underlying event which caused the movement.
A summary of inputs used as of August 31, 2012, in valuing the Funds assets and liabilities
carried at fair value, is as follows:
28 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
12. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards
Update (ASU) No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and
Liabilities. The amendments in the ASU enhance disclosures about offsetting of financial assets
and liabilities to enable investors to understand the effect of these arrangements on a funds
financial position. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or
after January 1, 2013. The Fund believes the adoption of this ASU will not have a material
impact on its financial statements.
13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Fund has evaluated subsequent events through the issuance of the financial statements and
determined that no events have occurred that require disclosure.
Annual Report | 29
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the statement of investments, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund (the Fund) at August 31, 2012, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as financial statements) are the responsibility of the Funds management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of securities at August 31, 2012 by correspondence with the custodian and brokers, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California
October 19, 2012
30 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Tax Information (unaudited)
Under Section 852(b)(3)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code), the Fund hereby reports the maximum amount allowable but no less than $3,148,602 as a long term capital gain dividend for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012.
Under Section 871(k)(2)(C) of the Code, the Fund hereby reports the maximum amount allowable but no less than $61,556 as a short term capital gain dividend for purposes of the tax imposed under Section 871(a)(1)(A) of the Code for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012.
At August 31, 2011, more than 50% of the Funds total assets were invested in securities of foreign issuers. In most instances, foreign taxes were withheld from income paid to the Fund on these investments. As shown in the table below, the Fund hereby reports to shareholders the foreign source income and foreign taxes paid, pursuant to Section 853 of the Code. This written statement will allow shareholders of record on September 29, 2011, to treat their proportionate share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund as having been paid directly by them. The shareholder shall consider these amounts as foreign taxes paid in the tax year in which they receive the Fund distribution.
The following table provides a detailed analysis of foreign tax paid, and foreign qualified dividends as reported by the Fund, to shareholders of record.
Foreign Tax Paid Per Share (Column 1) is the amount per share available to you, as a tax credit (assuming you held your shares in the Fund for a minimum of 16 days during the 31-day period beginning 15 days before the ex-dividend date of the Funds distribution to which the foreign taxes relate), or, as a tax deduction.
Foreign Source Income Per Share (Column 2) is the amount per share of income dividends attributable to foreign securities held by the Fund, plus any foreign taxes withheld on these dividends. The amounts reported include foreign source qualified dividends that have not been adjusted for the rate differential applicable to such dividend income.1
Foreign Qualified Dividends Per Share (Column 3) is the amount per share of foreign source qualified dividends, plus any foreign taxes withheld on these dividends. These amounts represent the portion of the Foreign Source Income reported to you in column 2 that were derived from qualified foreign securities held by the Fund.1
Annual Report | 31
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Tax Information (unaudited) (continued)
By mid-February 2012, shareholders received Form 1099-DIV which included their share of taxes paid and foreign source income distributed during the calendar year 2011. The Foreign Source Income reported on Form 1099-DIV has not been adjusted for the rate differential on foreign source qualified dividend income. Shareholders are advised to check with their tax advisors for information on the treatment of these amounts on their 2011 individual income tax returns.
1Qualified dividends are taxed at reduced long term capital gains tax rates. In determining the amount of foreign tax credit that may be applied against the U.S. tax liability of individuals receiving foreign source qualified dividends, adjustments may be required to the foreign tax credit limitation calculation to reflect the rate differential applicable to such dividend income. The rules however permit certain individuals to elect not to apply the rate differential adjustments for capital gains and/or dividends for any taxable year. Please consult your tax advisor and the instructions to Form 1116 for more information.
32 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, March 2, 2012 (unaudited)
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Fund was held at the Funds offices, 300 S.E. 2nd
Street, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on March 2, 2012. The purpose of the meeting was to elect four
Trustees of the Fund and to ratify the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent
registered public accounting firm for the Fund for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2012. At the
meeting, the following persons were elected by the shareholders to serve as Trustees of the Fund:
Ann Torre Bates, David W. Niemiec, Larry D. Thompson and Robert E. Wade.* Shareholders
also ratified the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered public
accounting firm for the Fund for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2012. No other business was
transacted at the meeting.
2. The ratification of the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the independent registered
public accounting firm for the Fund for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2012:
*Harris J. Ashton, Frank J. Crothers, Edith E. Holiday, Charles B. Johnson, Gregory E. Johnson, J. Michael Luttig, Frank A. Olson and Constantine D.
Tseretopoulos are Trustees of the Fund who are currently serving and whose terms of office continued after the Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Annual Report | 33
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan
The Fund offers a Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan (the Plan) with the following features:
If shares of the Fund are held in the shareholders name, the shareholder will automatically be a participant in the Plan unless he elects to withdraw. If the shares are registered in the name of a broker-dealer or other nominee (i.e., in street name), the broker-dealer or nominee will elect to participate in the Plan on the shareholders behalf unless the shareholder instructs them otherwise, or unless the reinvestment service is not provided by the broker-dealer or nominee.
Participants should contact Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC, P.O. Box 358015, Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8015, to receive the Plan brochure.
To receive dividends or distributions in cash, the shareholder must notify The Bank of New York Mellon (the Plan Administrator) at the address above or the institution in whose name the shares are held. The Plan Administrator must receive written notice ten business days before the record date for the distribution.
Whenever the Fund declares dividends in either cash or shares of the Fund, if the market price is equal to or exceeds net asset value at the valuation date, the participant will receive the dividends entirely in new shares at a price equal to the net asset value, but not less than 95% of the then current market price of the Funds shares. If the market price is lower than net asset value or if dividends and/or capital gains distributions are payable only in cash, the participant will receive shares purchased on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise on the open market.
A participant has the option of submitting additional cash payments to the Plan Administrator, in any amounts of at least $100, up to a maximum of $5,000 per month, for the purchase of Fund shares for his or her account. These payments can be made by check or money order payable to The Bank of New York Mellon and sent to Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC, P.O. Box 382009, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-8009, Attention: Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund. The Plan Administrator will apply such payments (less a $5.00 service charge and less a pro rata share of trading fees) to purchases of the Funds shares on the open market.
The automatic reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains does not relieve the participant of any income tax that may be payable on dividends or distributions.
Whenever shares are purchased on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise on the open market, each participant will pay a pro rata portion of trading fees. Trading fees will be deducted from amounts to be invested. The Plan Administrators fee for a sale of shares through the Plan is $15.00 per transaction plus a $0.12 per share trading fee.
34 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Plan (continued)
A participant may withdraw from the Plan without penalty at any time by written notice to the Plan Administrator sent to Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC, P. O. Box 358015, Pittsburgh, PA, 15252-8015. Upon withdrawal, the participant will receive, without charge, share certificates issued in the participants name for all full shares held by the Plan Administrator; or, if the participant wishes, the Plan Administrator will sell the shares and send the proceeds to the participant, less a service charge of $15.00 and less trading fees of $0.12 per share. The Plan Administrator will convert any fractional shares held at the time of withdrawal to cash at current market price and send a check to the participant for the net proceeds.
Direct Deposit Service for Registered Shareholders
Cash distributions can now be electronically credited to a checking or savings account at any financial institution that participates in the Automated Clearing House (ACH) system. The Direct Deposit service is provided for registered shareholders at no charge. To enroll in the service, access your account online by going to www.cpushareownerservices.com or dial (800) 416-5585 (toll free) and follow the instructions. Direct Deposit will begin with the next scheduled distribution payment date following enrollment in the service.
Annual Report | 35
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Transfer Agent
Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC
P.O. Box 358015
Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8015
(800) 416-5585
www.cpushareownerservices.com
Direct Registration
If you are a registered shareholder of the Fund, purchases of shares of the Fund can be electronically credited to your Fund account at Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC through Direct Registration. This service provides shareholders with a convenient way to keep track of shares through book entry transactions, electronically move book-entry shares between broker-dealers, transfer agents and DRS eligible issuers, and eliminate the possibility of lost certificates.
For additional information, please contact Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC at (800) 416-5585.
Shareholder Information
Shares of Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TEI. Information about the net asset value and the market price is published each Monday in the Wall Street Journal, weekly in Barrons and each Saturday in The New York Times and other newspapers. Daily market prices for the Funds shares are published in the New York Stock Exchange Composite Transactions section of newspapers.
For current information about dividends and shareholder accounts, call (800) 416-5585. Registered shareholders can access their Fund account on-line with the Investor Service DirectTM website. For information go to Computershare Shareowner Services, LLCs web site at www.cpushareownerservices.com and follow the instructions.
The daily closing net asset value as of the previous business day may be obtained when available by calling Franklin Templeton Fund Information after 7 a.m. Pacific time any business day at (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236. The Funds net asset value and dividends are also listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.s Mutual Fund Quotation Service (NASDAQ MFQS).
Shareholders not receiving copies of reports to shareholders because their shares are registered in the name of a broker or a custodian can request that they be added to the Funds mailing list, by writing Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund, 100 Fountain Parkway, P.O. Box 33030, St. Petersburg, FL 33733-8030.
36 | Annual Report
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission require the Fund to disclose whether the Funds Audit Committee
includes at least one member who is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of such Act and Rules. The Funds Board has determined that there is at least
one such financial expert on the Audit Committee and has designated each of Ann Torre Bates and David W. Niemiec as an audit committee financial expert. The Board
believes that Ms. Bates and Mr. Niemiec qualify as such an expert in view of their extensive business background and experience. Ms. Bates has served as a member of
the Fund Audit Committee since 2008. She currently serves as a director of SLM Corporation and Ares Capital Corporation and was formerly a director of Allied Capital
Corporation from 2003 to 2010, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of NHP Incorporated and Vice President and Treasurer of US Airways, Inc. Mr. Niemiec
has served as a member of the Fund Audit Committee since 2005, currently serves as an Advisor to Saratoga Partners and was formerly its Managing Director from 1998 to 2001.
Mr. Niemiec was formerly a director of Emeritus Corporation from 1999 to 2010 and OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from 2006 to 2010, Managing Director of SBC Warburg Dillon
Read from 1997 to 1998, and was Vice Chairman from 1991 to 1997 and Chief Financial Officer from 1982 to 1997 of Dillon, Read & Co. Inc. As a result of such
background and experience, the Board believes that Ms. Bates and Mr. Niemiec have each acquired an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and
financial statements, the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting estimates, accruals and reserves, and analyzing and evaluating financial
statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues generally comparable to those of the Fund, as well as an understanding of internal controls
and procedures for financial reporting and an understanding of audit committee functions. Ms. Bates and Mr. Niemiec are independent Board members as that term is
defined under the applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Rules and Releases or the listing standards applicable to the Fund.
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Shareholder Information
Board Review of Investment Management Agreement
At a meeting held May 22, 2012, the Board of Trustees (Board), including a majority of non-interested or independent Trustees, approved renewal of the investment management agreement for the Fund. In reaching this decision, the Board took into account information furnished throughout the year at regular Board meetings, as well as information prepared specifically in connection with the annual renewal review process. Information furnished and discussed throughout the year included investment performance reports on the Fund, information on its share price discount to net asset value, and other related financial information, as well as periodic reports on expenses, legal and compliance matters, pricing, brokerage commissions and execution and other services provided by the Investment Manager (Manager) and its affiliates. Information furnished specifically in connection with the renewal process included a report prepared by Lipper, Inc. (Lipper), an independent organization, as well as additional material, including a Fund profitability analysis prepared by management. The Lipper reports compared the Funds investment performance and expenses with those of other funds deemed comparable to the Fund as selected by Lipper. The Fund profitability analysis discussed the profitability to Franklin Templeton Investments from its overall U.S. fund operations, as well as on an individual fund-by-fund basis. Additional material accompanying such profitability analysis included information on a fund-by-fund basis listing portfolio managers and other accounts they manage, as well as information on management fees charged by the Manager and its affiliates to U.S. funds and other accounts, including managements explanation of differences where relevant. Such material also included a memorandum prepared by management describing project initiatives and capital investments relating to the services provided to the Fund by the Franklin Templeton Investments organization, as well as a memorandum relating to economies of scale.
In considering such materials, the independent Trustees received assistance and advice from and met separately with independent counsel. In approving continuance of the investment management agreement for the Fund, the Board, including a majority of independent Trustees, determined that the existing management fee structure was fair and reasonable and that continuance of the investment management agreement was in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. While attention was given to all information furnished, the following discusses some primary factors relevant to the Boards decision.
NATURE, EXTENT AND QUALITY OF SERVICE. The Board was satisfied with the nature and quality of the overall services provided by the Manager and its affiliates to the Fund and its shareholders. In addition to investment performance and expenses discussed later, the Boards opinion was based, in part, upon periodic reports furnished it showing that the investment policies and restrictions for the Fund were consistently complied with as well as other reports periodically furnished the Board covering matters such as the compliance of portfolio managers and other management personnel with the code of ethics adopted throughout the Franklin Templeton fund complex, the adherence to fair value pricing procedures established by the
42 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Shareholder Information (continued)
Board Review of Investment Management Agreement (continued)
Board, and the accuracy of net asset value calculations. Favorable consideration was given to managements continuous efforts and expenditures in establishing back-up systems and recovery procedures to function in the event of a natural disaster, it being noted that such systems and procedures had functioned smoothly during the Florida hurricanes and blackouts experienced in previous years. Consideration was also given to the experience of the Funds portfolio management team, the number of accounts managed and general method of compensation. In this latter respect, the Board noted that a primary factor in managements determination of the level of a portfolio managers bonus compensation was the relative investment performance of the funds he or she managed and that a portion of such bonus was required to be invested in a predesignated list of funds within such persons fund management area so as to be aligned with the interests of shareholders. Particular attention was given to managements conservative approach and diligent risk management procedures, including continuous monitoring of counterparty credit risk and attention given to derivatives and other complex instruments including expanded collateralization requirements. The Board also took into account, among other things, the strong financial position of the Managers parent company and its commitment to the fund business as evidenced by its subsidization of money market funds.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE. The Board placed significant emphasis on the investment performance of the Fund in view of its importance to shareholders. While consideration was given to performance reports and discussions with portfolio managers at Board meetings during the year, particular attention in assessing performance was given to the Lipper reports furnished for the agreement renewal. The Lipper report for the Fund showed its investment performance for the one-year period ended February 29, 2012, as well as the previous 10 years ended that date in respect to a performance universe consisting of the Fund and all other closed-end non-leveraged emerging market debt funds as selected by Lipper. Such report considered the Funds income return and total return on a net asset value basis without regard to market discounts or premiums to accurately reflect investment performance. The Lipper report showed the Funds income return to be in the highest or best performing quintile of its Lipper performance universe for the one-year period, and on an annualized basis to also be in the highest quintile of such universe for the previous three- and five-year periods, and to be the third highest of the five funds constituting such universe for the previous 10-year period. The Lipper report showed the Funds total return to be in the lowest quintile of such universe for the one-year period, but on an annualized basis to be in the highest quintile of such universe for the previous three- and five-year periods and the second highest of the five funds constituting such universe for the previous 10-year period. The Board was satisfied with such comparative investment performance, noting the Funds primary objective of seeking a high level of income and that the Funds actual total return for the one-year period as shown in the Lipper report exceeded 8%.
Annual Report | 43
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Shareholder Information (continued)
Board Review of Investment Management Agreement (continued)
COMPARATIVE EXPENSES. Consideration was given to a comparative analysis of the management fee and total expense ratio of the Fund within a group of four funds, including the Fund, selected by Lipper as constituting its appropriate Lipper expense group. Lipper expense data is based upon information taken from each funds most recent annual report, which reflects historical asset levels that may be quite different from those currently existing, particularly in a period of market volatility. While recognizing such inherent limitation and the fact that expense ratios generally increase as assets decline and decrease as assets grow, the Board believed the independent analysis conducted by Lipper to be an appropriate measure of comparative expenses. In reviewing comparative costs, Lipper provides information on the Funds contractual investment management fee in comparison with the effective management fee that would have been charged by the other funds within the Lipper expense group assuming they were similar in size to the Fund, as well as the actual total expenses of the Fund in comparison with those of the other funds. The Lipper contractual investment management fee analysis considers administrative fees to be part of management fees and the results of such expense comparison showed the Funds contractual investment management fee rate to be below the median of its Lipper expense group and the Funds actual total expense ratio to be within one basis point of its Lipper expense group median. The Board found the Funds expenses in comparison to those of its Lipper expense group to be acceptable.
MANAGEMENT PROFITABILITY. The Board also considered the level of profits realized by the Manager and its affiliates in connection with the operation of the Fund. In this respect, the Board reviewed the Fund profitability analysis that addresses the overall profitability of Franklin Templetons U.S. fund business, as well as its profits in providing management and other services to each of the individual funds during the 12-month period ended September 30, 2011, being the most recent fiscal year-end for Franklin Resources, Inc., the Managers parent. In reviewing the analysis, attention was given to the methodology followed in allocating costs to the Fund, it being recognized that allocation methodologies are inherently subjective and various allocation methodologies may each be reasonable while producing different results. In this respect, the Board noted that, while being continuously refined and reflecting changes in the Managers own cost accounting, the allocation methodology was consistent with that followed in profitability report presentations made in prior years and that the Funds independent registered public accounting firm had been engaged by the Manager to review the reasonableness of the allocation methodologies solely for use by the Funds Board in reference to the profitability analysis. In reviewing and discussing such analysis, management discussed with the Board its belief that costs incurred in establishing the infrastructure necessary for the type of fund operations conducted by the Manager and its affiliates may not be fully reflected in the expenses allocated to the Fund in determining its profitability, as well as the fact that the level of profits, to a certain extent, reflected operational cost savings and efficiencies initiated by management. In addition, the Board considered a third-party study comparing the profitability of the Managers parent on an overall basis to other publicly held managers broken down to show profitability from management operations exclusive of distribution expenses, as well as
44 | Annual Report
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Shareholder Information (continued)
Board Review of Investment Management Agreement (continued)
profitability including distribution expenses. The Board also considered the extent to which the Manager and its affiliates might derive ancillary benefits from fund operations. Based upon its consideration of all these factors, the Board determined that the level of profits realized by the Manager and its affiliates from providing services to the Fund was not excessive in view of the nature, quality and extent of services provided.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE. The Board also considered whether the Manager realizes economies of scale as the Fund grows larger and the extent to which any such benefit is shared with the Fund and its shareholders. The Board believed that a managers ability to realize economies of scale and the sharing of such benefit is a more relevant consideration in the case of an open-end fund whose size increases as a result of the continuous sale of its shares. A closed-end investment company such as the Fund does not continuously offer shares, and growth following its initial public offering will primarily result from market appreciation, which benefits its shareholders. The Funds investment advisory fee provides a rate of 0.85% on the first $1 billion of net assets, with breakpoints thereafter, and the Fund also pays a flat 0.15% fee at all asset levels for administrative services. At the end of 2011, the Funds net assets amounted to approximately $714 million, While believing economies of scale to be less of a factor in the context of a closed-end fund, the Board believes at some point an increase in size may lead to economies of scale that should be shared with the Fund and its shareholders and intends to monitor future growth of the Fund accordingly, noting the management fee breakpoints at the $1 billion net asset level.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Funds investment manager has established Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities. Shareholders may view the Funds complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Funds proxy voting records are also made available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions website at sec.gov and reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Quarterly Statement of Investments
The Fund files a complete statement of investments with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for the first and third quarters for each fiscal year on Form N-Q. Shareholders may view the filed Form N-Q by visiting the Commissions website at sec.gov. The filed form may also be viewed and copied at the Commissions Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information regarding the operations of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling (800) SEC-0330.
Annual Report | 45
Templeton Emerging Markets Income Fund
Shareholder Information (continued)
Certifications
The Funds Chief Executive Officer Finance and Administration is required by the New York Stock Exchanges Listing Standards to file annually with the Exchange a certification that she is not aware of any violation by the Fund of the Exchanges Corporate Governance Standards applicable to the Fund. The Fund has filed such certification.
In addition, the Funds Chief Executive Officer Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer are required by the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to provide certain certifications with respect to the Funds Form N-CSR and Form N-CSRS (which include the Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders) that are filed annually with the Commission. The Fund has filed such certifications with its Form N-CSRS for the six months ended February 29, 2012. Additionally, the Fund expects to file, on or about October 31, 2012, such certifications with its Form N-CSR for the year ended August 31, 2012.
46 | Annual Report
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Item 2. Code of Ethics.
(a) | The Registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officers and principal financial and accounting officer. |
(c) | N/A |
(d) | N/A |
(f) | Pursuant to Item 12(a)(1), the Registrant is attaching as an exhibit a copy of its code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officers and principal financial and accounting officer. |
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
(a)(1) The Registrant has an audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee.
(2) The audit committee financial expert is David W. Niemiec and he is "independent" as defined under the relevant Securities and Exchange Commission Rules and Releases.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
(a) Audit Fees
The aggregate fees paid to the principal accountant for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the registrants annual financial statements or for services that are normally provided by the principal accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements were $46,557 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and $50,422 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011.
(b) Audit-Related Fees
There were no fees paid to the principal accountant for assurance and related services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrant's financial statements and are not reported under paragraph (a) of Item 4.
There were no fees paid to the principal accountant for assurance and related services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrant's investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of their financial statements.
(c) Tax Fees
There were no fees paid to the principal accountant for professional services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrant for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
The aggregate fees paid to the principal accountant for professional services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrants investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were $54,600 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and $85,000 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011. The
services for which these fees were paid included technical tax consultation for capital gain tax reporting to foreign governments, application of local country tax laws to investments and licensing securities with local country offices.
(d) All Other Fees
The aggregate fees paid to the principal accountant for products and services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrant, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a)-(c) of Item 4 were $267 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and $290 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011. The services for which these fees were paid included review of materials provided to the fund Board in connection with the investment management contract renewal process.
The aggregate fees paid to the principal accountant for products and services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrants investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a)-(c) of Item 4 were $152,183 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and $144,510 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011. The services for which these fees were paid included review of materials provided to the fund Board in connection with the investment management contract renewal process.
(e) (1) The registrants audit committee is directly responsible for approving the services to be provided by the auditors, including:
(i) | pre-approval of all audit and audit related services; |
(ii) | pre-approval of all non-audit related services to be provided to |
the Fund by the auditors;
(iii) pre-approval of all non-audit related services to be provided to the registrant by the auditors to the registrants investment adviser or to any entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the registrants investment adviser and that provides ongoing services to the registrant where the non-audit services relate directly to the operations or financial reporting of the registrant; and (iv) establishment by the audit committee, if deemed necessary or appropriate, as an alternative to committee pre-approval of services to be provided by the auditors, as required by paragraphs (ii) and (iii) above, of policies and procedures to permit such services to be pre-approved by other means, such as through establishment of guidelines or by action of a designated member or members of the committee; provided the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service and the committee is informed of each service and such policies and procedures do not include delegation of audit committee responsibilities, as contemplated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to management; subject, in the case of (ii) through (iv), to any waivers, exceptions or exemptions that may be available under applicable law or rules.
(e) | (2) None of the services provided to the registrant described in paragraphs |
(b) | -(d) of Item 4 were approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph |
(c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of regulation S-X.
(f) | No disclosures are required by this Item 4(f). |
(g) The aggregate non-audit fees paid to the principal accountant for services rendered by the principal accountant to the registrant and the registrants investment adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant were $207,050 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and $229,800 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011.
(h) The registrants audit committee of the board has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to the registrants investment adviser (not including any sub-adviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser), and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant that were not pre-approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X is compatible with maintaining the principal accountants independence.
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
Members of the Audit Committee are: David W. Niemiec, Frank J. Crothers, Ann Torre Bates and Constantine D. Tseretopoulos.
Item 6. Schedule of Investments. N/A
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's investment manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the investment manager.
The investment manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the investment managers instructions and/or policies. The investment manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the investment manager subscribes to Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (ISS), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the investment manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies, as well as a limited subscription to its international research. Although ISS and/or Glass Lewis analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from ISS, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the investment manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside
sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the investment managers clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of ISS, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund's board or a committee of the board with the investment manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the investment managers vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, ISS, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues, (2) Other Business without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the investment manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuers management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the investment manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund's board or a board committee for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the investment manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, or pursuant to a U.S. SEC exemptive order thereunder; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to the rules under the 1940 Act or any exemptive orders thereunder (cash sweep arrangement); or (3) when required pursuant to the Funds governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Funds shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the investment manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the investment manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the investment managers ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the investment manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of managements position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that companys shares.
Investment managers proxy voting policies and principles The investment manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the investment manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors.
The investment manager supports an independent board of
directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The investment manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The investment manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have
attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the investment manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the companys corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance. The investment manager generally will support non-binding shareholder proposals to require a majority vote standard for the election of directors; however, if these proposals are binding, the investment manager will give careful review on a case-by-case basis of the potential ramifications of such implementation.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The investment manager will closely scrutinize the independence, role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the investment manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The investment manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of a lack of independence, accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A companys equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders long-term interests. The investment manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The investment manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the ISS quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The investment manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment evergreen feature. The investment manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the investment manager will generally oppose golden parachutes that are considered to be excessive. The investment manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
The investment manager will review non-binding say-on-pay proposals on a case-by-case basis, and will generally vote in favor of such proposals unless compensation is misaligned with performance and/or shareholders interests, the company has not provided reasonably clear disclosure regarding its compensation practices, or there are concerns with the companys remuneration practices.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The investment manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the investment manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the investment manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders interests. The investment manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights plans (poison pills) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the investment manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The investment manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of greenmail. The
investment manager generally supports fair price provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure.
The investment manager realizes that a
company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The investment manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The investment manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The investment manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable. The investment manager will review proposals seeking preemptive rights on a case-by-case basis.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The investment manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Environment, social and governance issues. The investment manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the investment manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders. The investment manager generally supports the right of shareholders to call special meetings and act by written consent. However, the investment manager will review such shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis in an effort to ensure that such proposals do not disrupt the course of business or waste company resources for the benefit of a small minority of shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the investment manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the investment manager must be flexible in these worldwide markets. Principles of good corporate governance may vary by country, given the constraints of a countrys laws and acceptable practices in the markets. As a result, it is on occasion difficult to apply a consistent set of governance practices to all issuers. As experienced money managers, the investment manager's analysts are skilled in understanding the complexities of the regions in which they specialize and are trained to analyze proxy issues germane to their regions.
The investment manager will generally attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign securities. However, there may be situations in which the investment manager may be unable to vote a proxy, or may choose not to vote a proxy, such as where: (i) the proxy ballot was not received from the custodian bank; (ii) a meeting notice was received too late; (iii) there are fees imposed upon the exercise of a vote and it is determined that such fees outweigh the benefit of voting; (iv) there are legal encumbrances to voting, including blocking restrictions in certain markets that preclude the ability to dispose of a security if the investment manager votes a proxy or where the investment manager is prohibited from voting by applicable law or other regulatory or market requirements, including but not limited to,
effective Powers of Attorney; (v) the investment manager held shares on the record date but has sold them prior to the meeting date; (vi) proxy voting service is not offered by the custodian in the market; (vii) the investment manager believes it is not in the best interest of the Fund or its shareholders to vote the proxy for any other reason not enumerated herein; or (viii) a security is subject to a securities lending or similar program that has transferred legal title to the security to another person. The investment manager or its affiliates may, on behalf of one or more of the proprietary registered investment companies advised by the investment manager or its affiliates, determine to use its best efforts to recall any security on loan where the investment manager or its affiliates (a) learn of a vote on a material event that may affect a security on loan and (b) determine that it is in the best interests of such proprietary registered investment companies to recall the security for voting purposes.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301-1923, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Funds proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
(a)(1) As of October 26, 2012, the portfolio manager of the Fund is as follows:
MICHAEL HASENSTAB Ph.D, Senior Vice President of Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Dr. Hasenstab has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2002. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He first joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1995, rejoining again in 2001 after a three-year leave to obtain his PH.D.
(a)(2) This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance-based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio managers compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio managers base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio managers marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the manager have adopted a code of ethics, which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The investment manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio managers level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following three elements: Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Funds shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the investment manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the investment manager and/or other officers of the investment manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation
Portfolio managers may also
be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The investment manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by the portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers. N/A
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
There have been no changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the Registrant's Board of Trustees that would require disclosure herein.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
The Registrant maintains
disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Registrants filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such information is accumulated and communicated to the Registrants management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Registrants management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
Within 90 days prior to the filing date of this Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR, the Registrant had carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Registrants management, including the
Registrants principal executive officer and the Registrants principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Registrants disclosure controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, the Registrants principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Registrants disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls. There have been no significant changes in the Registrants internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect the internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation in connection with the preparation of this Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR.
Item 12. Exhibits.
(a)(1) Code of Ethics
(a)(2) Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Laura F. Fergerson, Chief Executive Officer - Finance and Administration, and Mark H. Otani, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
(b) Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of Laura F. Fergerson, Chief Executive Officer - Finance and Administration, and Mark H. Otani, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer