M & T Bank 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
     
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
or
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 1-9861
 
 
M&T BANK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
New York
  16-0968385
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
One M&T Plaza, Buffalo, New York
(Address of principal executive offices)
  14203
(Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
716-842-5445
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
     
Title of Each Class
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
 
Common Stock, $.50 par value
  New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
8.234% Capital Securities of M&T Capital Trust I
(and the Guarantee of M&T Bank Corporation with respect thereto)
(Title of class)
8.234% Junior Subordinated Debentures of
M&T Bank Corporation
(Title of class)
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o     No þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):
 
Large accelerated filer þ     Accelerated filer o     Non-accelerated filer o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o     No þ
 
Aggregate market value of the Common Stock, $0.50 par value, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the close of business on June 30, 2006: $8,297,538,556.
 
Number of shares of the Common Stock, $0.50 par value, outstanding as of the close of business on January 31, 2007: 109,748,465 shares.
 
 
 
 
Documents Incorporated By Reference:
 
(1) Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of M&T Bank Corporation in Parts II and III.
 


Table of Contents

 
M&T BANK CORPORATION
 
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006
 
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
 
                     
            Form 10-K
            Page
 
  4
Statistical disclosure pursuant to Guide 3
   
    I.   Distribution of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity; interest rates and interest differential    
       
A. Average balance sheets
  36
       
B. Interest income/expense and resulting yield or rate on average interest-earning assets (including non-accrual loans) and interest-bearing liabilities
  36
       
C. Rate/volume variances
  22
    II.   Investment portfolio    
       
A. Year-end balances
  20
       
B. Maturity schedule and weighted average yield
  63
       
C. Aggregate carrying value of securities that exceed ten percent of stockholders’ equity
  90
    III.   Loan portfolio    
       
A. Year-end balances
  20, 93
       
B. Maturities and sensitivities to changes in interest rates
  61
       
C. Risk elements
   
             Nonaccrual, past due and renegotiated loans   48
             Actual and pro forma interest on certain loans   93-94
             Nonaccrual policy   86
             Loan concentrations   53
    IV.   Summary of loan loss experience    
       
A. Analysis of the allowance for loan losses
  47
       
     Factors influencing management’s judgment concerning the adequacy of the allowance and provision
  47-53, 86
       
B. Allocation of the allowance for loan losses
  52
    V.   Deposits    
       
A. Average balances and rates
  36
       
B. Maturity schedule of domestic time deposits with balances of $100,000 or more
  64
    VI.   Return on equity and assets   22, 31, 67
    VII.   Short-term borrowings   99
  22-24
  24
  24-25, 95-96
  25
  25
  25-26
 
  26-29
       
A. Principal market
  26
             Market prices   75
       
B. Approximate number of holders at year-end
  20
 
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            Form 10-K
            Page
 
       
C. Frequency and amount of dividends declared
  21-22, 75, 84
       
D. Restrictions on dividends
  6, 14-17, 102, 125, 127
       
E.  Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
  27-28
       
F.  Performance graph
  28
       
G. Repurchases of common stock
  28-29
  29
       
A. Selected consolidated year-end balances
  20
       
B. Consolidated earnings, etc
  21-22
  29-76
  77
  77
       
A. Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
  78
       
B. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
  79-80
       
C. Consolidated Balance Sheet — December 31, 2006 and 2005
  81
       
D. Consolidated Statement of Income — Years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
  82
       
E.  Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows — Years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
  83
       
F.  Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity — Years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
  84
       
G. Notes to Financial Statements
  85-130
       
H. Quarterly Trends
  75
  131
  131
       
A. Conclusions of principal executive officer and principal financial officer regarding disclosure controls and procedures
  131
       
B. Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting
  131
       
C. Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm
  131
       
D. Changes in internal control over financial reporting
  131
  131
 
  131
  132
  132
  132
  132
 
  132
  133-134
  135-139
 EX-23.1
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1
 EX-32.2
 
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PART I
 
Item 1.   Business.
 
M&T Bank Corporation (“Registrant” or “M&T”) is a New York business corporation which is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”) and under Article III-A of the New York Banking Law (“Banking Law”). The principal executive offices of the Registrant are located at One M&T Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203. The Registrant was incorporated in November 1969. The Registrant and its direct and indirect subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company.” As of December 31, 2006 the Company had consolidated total assets of $57.1 billion, deposits of $39.9 billion and stockholders’ equity of $6.3 billion. The Company had 11,904 full-time and 1,448 part-time employees as of December 31, 2006.
At December 31, 2006, the Registrant had two wholly owned bank subsidiaries: M&T Bank and M&T Bank, National Association (“M&T Bank, N.A.”). The banks collectively offer a wide range of commercial banking, trust and investment services to their customers. At December 31, 2006, M&T Bank represented 99% of consolidated assets of the Company. M&T Bank operates branch offices in New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia.
The Company from time to time considers acquiring banks, thrift institutions, branch offices of banks or thrift institutions, or other businesses within markets currently served by the Company or in other locations that would complement the Company’s business or its geographic reach. The Company has pursued acquisition opportunities in the past, continues to review different opportunities, including the possibility of major acquisitions, and intends to continue this practice.
 
Relationship With Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.
On April 1, 2003, M&T completed the acquisition of Allfirst Financial Inc. (“Allfirst”), a bank holding company headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland from Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”). Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated September 26, 2002 by and among AIB, Allfirst and M&T (the “Reorganization Agreement”), M&T combined with Allfirst through the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding Allfirst stock in exchange for 26,700,000 shares of M&T common stock and $886,107,000 in cash paid to AIB. In addition, there were several M&T corporate governance changes that resulted from the transaction. While it maintains a significant ownership in M&T, AIB will have representation on the M&T board, the M&T Bank board and key M&T board committees and will have certain protections of its rights as a substantial M&T shareholder. In addition, AIB will have rights that will facilitate its ability to maintain its proportionate ownership position in M&T. M&T will also have representation on the AIB board while AIB remains a significant shareholder. The following is a description of the ongoing relationship between M&T and AIB. The following description is qualified in its entirety by the terms of the Reorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement was filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on October 3, 2002 as Exhibit 2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of M&T dated September 26, 2002.
 
Board of Directors; Management
At December 31, 2006, AIB held approximately 24.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of M&T common stock. In defining their relationship after the acquisition, M&T and AIB negotiated certain agreements regarding share ownership and corporate governance issues such as board representation, with the number of AIB’s representatives on the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors being dependent upon the amount of M&T common stock held by AIB. M&T has the right to one seat on the AIB board of directors until AIB no longer holds at least 15% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock. Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, AIB has the right to name four members to serve on the Boards of Directors of M&T and M&T Bank, each of whom must be reasonably acceptable to M&T (collectively, the “AIB Designees”). Further, one of the AIB Designees will serve on each of the Executive Committee, Nomination, Compensation and Governance Committee, and Audit and Risk Committee (or any committee or committees performing comparable functions) of the M&T board of directors. In order to serve, the AIB Designees must meet the requisite independence and expertise requirements prescribed under applicable law or stock exchange rules. In addition, the Reorganization Agreement provides that the board of directors of M&T Bank will include four members designated by AIB, each of whom must be reasonably acceptable to M&T.
 
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As long as AIB remains a significant shareholder of M&T, AIB will have representation on the boards of directors of both M&T and M&T Bank as follows:
    As long as AIB holds at least 15% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, AIB will be entitled to designate four persons on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors and representation on the committees of the M&T board described above.
    If AIB holds at least 10%, but less than 15%, of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, AIB will be entitled to designate at least two people on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors.
    If AIB’s ownership interest in M&T is at least 5%, but less than 10%, of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, AIB will be entitled to designate at least one person on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors.
    As long as AIB holds at least 15% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, neither M&T’s board of directors nor M&T Bank’s board of directors will consist of more than twenty-eight directors without the consent of the AIB Designees.
    If AIB’s holdings of M&T common stock fall below 15%, but not lower than 12% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, AIB will continue to have the same rights that it would have had if it owned 15% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, as long as AIB restores its ownership percentage to 15% within one year. Additionally, as described in more detail below, M&T has agreed to repurchase shares of M&T common stock in order to offset dilution to AIB’s ownership interests that may otherwise be caused by issuances of M&T common stock under M&T employee and director benefit or stock purchase plans. Dilution of AIB’s ownership position caused by such issuances will not be counted in determining whether the “Sunset Date” has occurred or whether any of AIB’s other rights under the Reorganization Agreement have terminated. The “Sunset Date” is the date on which AIB no longer holds at least 15% of the M&T common stock, calculated as described in this paragraph.
 
The AIB Designees at December 31, 2006 were Michael D. Buckley, Colm E. Doherty, Richard G. King and Eugene J. Sheehy. Mr. Buckley serves as a member of the Executive Committee and the Nomination, Compensation and Governance Committee, and Mr. King serves as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee. Robert G. Wilmers, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of M&T, is a member of the AIB board of directors.
 
Amendments to M&T’s Bylaws
Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, M&T amended and restated its bylaws. The following is a description of the amended bylaws:
The amended bylaws provide that until the Sunset Date, the M&T board of directors may not take or make any recommendation to M&T’s shareholders regarding the following actions without the approval of the Executive Committee, including the approval of the AIB Designee serving on the committee:
    Any amendment of M&T’s Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws that would be inconsistent with the rights described herein or that would otherwise have an adverse effect on the board representation, committee representation or other rights of AIB contemplated by the Reorganization Agreement;
    Any activity not permissible for a U.S. bank holding company;
    The adoption of any shareholder rights plan or other measures having the purpose or effect of preventing or materially delaying completion of any transaction involving a change in control of M&T; and
    Any public announcement disclosing M&T’s desire or intention to take any of the foregoing actions.
 
The amended bylaws also provide that until the Sunset Date, the M&T board of directors may only take or make any recommendation to M&T’s shareholders regarding the following actions if the action has been approved by the Executive Committee (in the case of the first four items and sixth item below) or Nomination, Compensation and Governance Committee (in the case of the fifth item below)
 
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and the members of such committee not voting in favor of the action do not include the AIB Designee serving on such committee and at least one other member of the committee who is not an AIB Designee:
    Any reduction in M&T’s cash dividend policy such that the ratio of cash dividends to net income is less than 15%, or any extraordinary dividends or distributions to holders of M&T common stock;
    Any acquisition of any assets or businesses, (1) if the consideration is in M&T common stock, where the stock consideration paid by M&T exceeds 10% of the aggregate voting power of M&T common stock and (2) if the consideration is cash, M&T stock or other consideration, where the fair market value of the consideration paid by M&T exceeds 10% of the market capitalization of M&T, as determined under the Reorganization Agreement;
    Any sale of any assets or businesses in which the value of the aggregate consideration to be received exceeds 10% of the market capitalization of M&T, as determined under the Reorganization Agreement;
    Any liquidation or dissolution of M&T;
    The appointment or election of the Chairman of the board of directors or the Chief Executive Officer of M&T; and
    Any public announcement disclosing M&T’s desire or intention to take any of the foregoing actions prior to obtaining the requisite committee approval.
 
The provisions of the bylaws described above may not be amended or repealed without the unanimous approval of the entire M&T board of directors or the approval of the holders of not less than 80% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock. The provisions of the bylaws described above will automatically terminate when AIB holds less than 5% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock.
 
Investment Parameters
The Reorganization Agreement provides that through the second anniversary of the Sunset Date, without prior written consent of the M&T board of directors, AIB will not, directly or indirectly, acquire or offer to acquire (except by way of stock dividends, offerings made available to M&T shareholders generally, or pursuant to compensation plans) more than 25% of the then outstanding shares of M&T common stock. Further, during this period, AIB and AIB’s subsidiaries have agreed not to participate in any proxy solicitation or to otherwise seek to influence any M&T shareholder with respect to the voting of any shares of M&T common stock for the approval of any shareholder proposals.
The Reorganization Agreement also provides that, during this period, AIB will not make any public announcement with respect to any proposal or offer by AIB or any AIB subsidiary with respect to certain transactions (such as mergers, business combinations, tender or exchange offers, the sale or purchase of securities or similar transactions) involving M&T or any of the M&T subsidiaries. The Reorganization Agreement also provides that, during this period, AIB may not subject any shares of M&T common stock to any voting trust or voting arrangement or agreement and will not execute any written consent as a shareholder with respect to the M&T common stock.
The Reorganization Agreement also provides that, during this period, AIB will not seek to control or influence the management, the board of directors or policies of M&T, including through communications with shareholders of M&T or otherwise, except through non-public communications with the directors of M&T, including the AIB Designees.
These restrictions on AIB will no longer apply if a third party commences or announces its intention to commence a tender offer or an exchange offer and, within a reasonable time, the M&T board of directors either does not recommend that shareholders not accept the offer or fails to adopt a shareholders rights plan, or if M&T or M&T Bank becomes subject to any regulatory capital directive or becomes an institution in “troubled” condition under applicable banking regulations. However, in the event the tender offer or exchange offer is not commenced or consummated in accordance with its terms, the restrictions on AIB described above will thereafter continue to apply.
 
Anti-Dilution Protections
M&T has agreed that until the Sunset Date, in the event M&T issues shares of M&T stock (other than certain issuances to employees pursuant to option and benefit plans), subject to applicable law and
 
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regulatory requirements, AIB will have the right to purchase at fair market value up to the number of shares of M&T common stock required to increase or maintain its equity interest in M&T to 22.5% of the then outstanding M&T common stock.
M&T has also agreed that until the Sunset Date, in connection with any issuance of M&T stock pursuant to employee option or benefit plans, M&T will as soon as reasonably practicable, taking into account applicable law, regulatory capital requirements, capital planning and risk management, take such necessary actions so that AIB’s proportionate ownership of M&T common stock is not reduced as a result of such issuances, including by funding such issuances through purchases of M&T common stock in the open market or by undertaking share repurchase programs.
 
Sale of M&T Common Stock; Right of First Refusal in Certain Circumstances
The M&T common stock issued to AIB was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and may only be disposed of by AIB pursuant to an effective registration statement or pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act and subject to the provisions of the Reorganization Agreement.
M&T and AIB have entered into a registration rights agreement that provides that upon AIB’s request, M&T will file a registration statement relating to all or a portion of AIB’s shares of M&T common stock providing for the sale of such shares by AIB from time to time on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, provided that M&T need only effect one such “shelf registration” in any 12-month period. In addition, the registration rights agreement provides that AIB is entitled to demand registration under the Securities Act of all or part of its shares of M&T stock, provided that M&T is not obligated to effect two such “demand registrations” in any 12-month period. Any demand or shelf registration must cover no less than one million shares.
The registration rights agreement further provides that in the event M&T proposes to file a registration statement other than pursuant to a shelf registration or demand registration or Forms S-8 or S-4, for an offering and sale of shares by M&T in an underwritten offering or an offering and sale of shares on behalf of one or more selling shareholders, M&T must give AIB notice at least 15 days prior to the anticipated filing date, and AIB may request that all or a portion of its M&T common shares be included in the registration statement. M&T will honor the request, unless the managing underwriter advises M&T in writing that in its opinion the inclusion of all shares requested to be included by M&T, the other selling shareholders, if any, and AIB would materially and adversely affect the offering, in which case M&T may limit the number of shares included in the offering to a number that would not reasonably be expected to have such an effect. In such event, the number of shares to be included in the registration statement shall first include the number of shares requested to be included by M&T and then the shares requested by other selling shareholders, including AIB, on a pro rata basis according to the number of shares requested to be included in the registration statement by each shareholder.
As long as AIB holds 5% or more of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, AIB will not dispose of any of its shares of M&T common stock except, subject to the terms and conditions of the Reorganization Agreement and applicable law, in a widely dispersed public distribution; a private placement in which no one party acquires the right to purchase more than 2% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock; an assignment to a single party (such as a broker or investment banker) for the purpose of conducting a widely dispersed public distribution on AIB’s behalf; pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act; pursuant to a tender or exchange offer to M&T’s shareholders not opposed by M&T’s board of directors, or open market purchase programs made by M&T; with the consent of M&T, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, to a controlled subsidiary of AIB; or pursuant to M&T’s right of first refusal as described below.
The Reorganization Agreement provides that until AIB no longer holds at least 5% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, if AIB wishes to sell or otherwise transfer any of its shares of M&T common stock other than as described in the preceding paragraph, AIB must first submit an offer notice to M&T identifying the proposed transferee and setting forth the proposed terms of the transaction, which shall be limited to sales for cash, cash equivalents or marketable securities. M&T will have the right, for 20 days following receipt of an offer notice from AIB, to purchase all (but not less than all) of the shares of M&T common stock that AIB wishes to sell, on the proposed terms specified in
 
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the offer notice. If M&T declines or fails to respond to the offer notice within 20 days, AIB may sell all or a portion of the M&T shares specified in the offer notice to the proposed transferee at a purchase price equal to or greater than the price specified in the offer notice, at any time during the three months following the date of the offer notice, or, if prior notification to or approval of the sale by the Federal Reserve Board or another regulatory agency is required, AIB shall pursue regulatory approval expeditiously and the sale may occur on the first date permitted under applicable law.
 
Certain Post-Closing Bank Regulatory Matters
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve Board”) deems AIB to be M&T’s bank holding company for purposes of the BHCA. In addition, the New York Banking Superintendent (“Banking Superintendent”) deems AIB to be M&T’s bank holding company for purposes of Article III-A of the Banking Law. Among other things, this means that, should M&T propose to make an acquisition or engage in a new type of activity that requires the submission of an application or notice to the Federal Reserve Board or the Banking Superintendent, AIB, as well as M&T, may also be required to file an application or notice. The Reorganization Agreement generally provides that AIB will make any applications, notices or filings that M&T determines to be necessary or desirable. The Reorganization Agreement also requires AIB not to take any action that would have a material adverse effect on M&T and to advise M&T prior to entering into any material transaction or activity. These provisions of the Reorganization Agreement would no longer apply if AIB ceased to be M&T’s bank holding company and also was not otherwise considered to control M&T for purposes of the BHCA.
Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, if, as a result of any administrative enforcement action under Section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDI Act”), memorandum of understanding, written agreement, supervisory letter or any other action or determination of any regulatory agency relating to the status of AIB (but not relating to the conduct of M&T or any subsidiary of M&T), M&T or M&T Bank also becomes subject to such an action, memorandum, agreement or letter that relates to M&T or any M&T subsidiary, or experiences any fact, event or circumstance that affects M&T’s regulatory status or compliance, and that in either case would be reasonably likely to create a material burden on M&T or to cause any material adverse economic or operating consequences to M&T or an M&T subsidiary (a “Material Regulatory Event”), then M&T will notify AIB thereof in writing as promptly as practicable. Should AIB fail to cure the Material Regulatory Event within 90 days following the receipt of such notice, AIB will, as promptly as practicable but in no event later than 30 days from the end of the cure period, take any and all such actions (with the reasonable cooperation of M&T as requested by AIB) as may be necessary or advisable in order that it no longer has “control” of M&T for purposes of the BHCA, including, if necessary, by selling some or all of its shares of M&T common stock (subject to the right of first refusal provisions of the Reorganization Agreement) and divesting itself as required of its board and committee representation and governance rights as set forth in the Reorganization Agreement. If, at the end of such 30-day period, the Material Regulatory Event is continuing and AIB has not terminated its control of M&T, then M&T will have the right to repurchase, at fair market value, such amount of the M&T common stock owned by AIB as would result in AIB holding no less than 4.9% of the outstanding shares of M&T common stock, pursuant to the procedures detailed in the Reorganization Agreement.
As long as AIB is considered to “control” M&T for purposes of the BHCA or the federal Change in Bank Control Act, if AIB acquires any insured depository institution with total assets greater than 25% of the assets of M&T’s largest insured depository institution subsidiary, then within two years AIB must terminate its affiliation with the insured depository institution or take such steps as may be necessary so that none of M&T’s bank subsidiaries would be subject to “cross guarantee” liability for losses incurred if the institution AIB acquired potentially were to fail. This liability applies under the FDI Act to insured depository institutions that are commonly controlled. The actions AIB would take could include disposing of shares of M&T common stock and/or surrendering its representation or governance rights. Also, if such an insured depository institution that is controlled by AIB and of the size described in the first sentence of this paragraph that would be considered to be commonly controlled with M&T’s insured depository institution subsidiaries fails to meet applicable requirements to be “adequately capitalized” under applicable U.S. banking laws, then AIB will have to take the actions described in the previous
 
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sentence no later than 180 days after the date that the institution failed to meet those requirements, unless the institution is sooner returned to “adequately capitalized” status.
 
Subsidiaries
M&T Bank is a banking corporation that is incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. M&T Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Home Loan Bank System, and its deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to applicable limits. M&T acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of M&T Bank in December 1969. The stock of M&T Bank represents a major asset of M&T. M&T Bank operates under a charter granted by the State of New York in 1892, and the continuity of its banking business is traced to the organization of the Manufacturers and Traders Bank in 1856. The principal executive offices of M&T Bank are located at One M&T Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Bank had 671 banking offices located throughout New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia, plus a branch in George Town, Cayman Islands. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Bank had consolidated total assets of $56.4 billion, deposits of $39.9 billion and stockholder’s equity of $6.5 billion. The deposit liabilities of M&T Bank are insured by the FDIC through its Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of which, at December 31, 2006, $35.2 billion were assessable. As a commercial bank, M&T Bank offers a broad range of financial services to a diverse base of consumers, businesses, professional clients, governmental entities and financial institutions located in its markets. Lending is largely focused on consumers residing in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland, northern Virginia and Washington, D.C., and on small and medium-size businesses based in those areas, although residential real estate loans are originated through lending offices in 22 states. In addition, the Company conducts lending activities in various states through other subsidiaries. M&T Bank and certain of its subsidiaries also offer commercial mortgage loans secured by income producing properties or properties used by borrowers in a trade or business. Additional financial services are provided through other operating subsidiaries of the Company.
M&T Bank, N.A., a national banking association and a member of the Federal Reserve System and the FDIC, commenced operations on October 2, 1995. The deposit liabilities of M&T Bank, N.A. are insured by the FDIC through the DIF. The main office of M&T Bank, N.A. is located at 48 Main Street, Oakfield, New York 14125. M&T Bank, N.A. offers selected deposit and loan products on a nationwide basis, primarily through direct mail and telephone marketing techniques. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Bank, N.A. had total assets of $511 million, deposits of $405 million and stockholder’s equity of $95 million.
M&T Life Insurance Company (“M&T Life Insurance”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T, was incorporated as an Arizona business corporation in January 1984. M&T Life Insurance is a captive credit reinsurer which reinsures credit life and accident and health insurance purchased by the Company’s consumer loan customers. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Life Insurance had assets of $33 million and stockholder’s equity of $27 million. M&T Life Insurance recorded revenues of $2 million during 2006. Headquarters of M&T Life Insurance are located at 101 North First Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85003.
M&T Credit Services, LLC (“M&T Credit”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, is a New York limited liability company formed in June 2004, but its operations can be traced to a predecessor company that was a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank formed in 1994. M&T Credit is a credit and leasing company offering consumer loans and commercial loans and leases. Its headquarters are located at M&T Center, One Fountain Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203, and it has offices in Delaware, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Credit had assets of $3.5 billion and stockholder’s equity of $477 million. M&T Credit recorded $193 million of revenue during 2006.
M&T Investment Company of Delaware, Inc. (“M&T Investment”), is a subsidiary of M&T Bank that was formed on November 17, 2004. M&T Investment owns all of the outstanding common stock and 88% of the preferred stock of M&T Real Estate Trust. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Investment had assets and stockholder’s equity of approximately $13.8 billion. Excluding dividends from M&T Real Estate Trust, M&T Investment realized $17 million of revenue in 2006. The headquarters of M&T Investment are located at 501 Silverside Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19809. Prior to January 17, 2007, M&T Investment had been a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Investment Company, Inc., which had
 
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been a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank. M&T Investment Company, Inc. owned 100% of the common stock of M&T Investment at December 31, 2006. Except for that investment holding, M&T Investment Company, Inc. was largely inactive during 2006. Effective January 17, 2007, M&T Investment Company, Inc. was dissolved. As a result, M&T Investment became a direct subsidiary of M&T Bank on that date.
M&T Lease, LLC (“M&T Lease”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, is a Delaware limited liability company formed in June 2004, but its operations can be traced to a predecessor company that was a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank formed in 1994. M&T Lease is a consumer leasing company with headquarters at One M&T Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Lease had assets of $68 million and stockholder’s equity of $44 million. M&T Lease recorded $7 million of revenue during 2006.
M&T Mortgage Corporation (“M&T Mortgage”) was a wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary of M&T Bank that was incorporated as a New York business corporation in November 1991. M&T Mortgage was merged into M&T Bank effective January 1, 2007. M&T Mortgage’s principal activities were comprised of the origination of residential mortgage loans and providing residential mortgage loan servicing to M&T Bank, M&T Bank, N.A. and others. M&T Mortgage operated throughout New York State, Maryland and Pennsylvania, and maintained offices in 19 other states. M&T Mortgage had assets of $2.8 billion and stockholder’s equity of $388 million as of December 31, 2006, and recorded approximately $347 million of revenue during 2006. Mortgage loans serviced by M&T Mortgage for non-affiliates totaled $16.7 billion at December 31, 2006.
M&T Mortgage Reinsurance Company, Inc. (“M&T Reinsurance”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, was incorporated as a Vermont business corporation in July 1999. M&T Reinsurance enters into reinsurance contracts with insurance companies who insure against the risk of a mortgage borrower’s payment default in connection with M&T Mortgage-related mortgage loans. M&T Reinsurance receives a share of the premium for those policies in exchange for accepting a portion of the insurer’s risk of borrower default. M&T Reinsurance had assets of approximately $21 million and stockholder’s equity of approximately $20 million as of December 31, 2006, and recorded approximately $4 million of revenue during 2006. M&T Reinsurance’s principal and registered office is at 148 College Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401.
M&T Real Estate Trust (“M&T Real Estate”) is a Maryland Real Estate Investment Trust and is a subsidiary of M&T Investment. M&T Real Estate was formed through the merger of two separate subsidiaries, but traces its origin to M&T Real Estate, Inc., a New York business corporation incorporated in July 1995. M&T Real Estate engages in commercial real estate lending and provides loan servicing to M&T Bank. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Real Estate had assets of $13.5 billion, common stockholder’s equity of $13.2 billion, and preferred stockholders’ equity, consisting of 9% fixed-rate preferred stock (par value $1,000), of $1 million. All of the outstanding common stock and 88% of the preferred stock of M&T Real Estate is owned by M&T Investment. The remaining 12% of M&T Real Estate’s outstanding preferred stock is owned by officers or former officers of the Company. M&T Real Estate recorded $864 million of revenue in 2006. The headquarters of M&T Real Estate are located at M&T Center, One Fountain Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203.
M&T Realty Capital Corporation (“M&T Realty Capital”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, was incorporated as a Maryland corporation in October 1973. M&T Realty Capital engages in multi-family commercial real estate lending and provides loan servicing to purchasers of the loans it originates. As of December 31, 2006 M&T Realty Capital serviced $4.9 billion of commercial mortgage loans for non-affiliates and had assets of $111 million and stockholder’s equity of $37 million. M&T Realty Capital recorded revenues of $35 million in 2006. The headquarters of M&T Realty Capital are located at 25 South Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
M&T Securities, Inc. (“M&T Securities”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank that was incorporated as a New York business corporation in November 1985. M&T Securities is registered as a broker/dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended. M&T Securities is licensed as a life insurance agent in each state where M&T Bank operates branch offices and in a number of other states. It provides securities brokerage, investment advisory and insurance services. As of December 31, 2006, M&T
 
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Securities had assets of $43 million and stockholder’s equity of $28 million. M&T Securities recorded $83 million of revenue during 2006. The headquarters of M&T Securities are located at One M&T Plaza, Buffalo, New York 14203.
M&T Insurance Agency, Inc. (“M&T Insurance Agency”), a wholly owned insurance agency subsidiary of M&T Bank, was incorporated as a New York corporation in March 1955. M&T Insurance Agency provides insurance agency services principally to the commercial market. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Insurance Agency had assets of $28 million and stockholder’s equity of $22 million. M&T Insurance Agency recorded revenues of $10 million during 2006. The headquarters of M&T Insurance Agency are located at 334 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, New York 14202. On February 1, 2006, M&T Insurance Agency acquired Hess Egan Hagerty & L’Hommedieu, Inc. (“Hess Egan”), a commercial insurance and surety brokerage agency based in Chevy Chase, Maryland with additional offices in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. As of December 31, 2006, Hess Egan had assets of $26 million, stockholder’s equity of $13 million, and recorded revenues of $8 million during the eleven months ended December 31, 2006. Hess Egan was merged into M&T Insurance Agency effective January 1, 2007.
M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC (“M&T Auto Receivables”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in May 2002. M&T Auto Receivables is a special purpose entity whose activities are generally restricted to purchasing and owning automobile loans for the purpose of securing a revolving asset-backed structured borrowing. M&T Auto Receivables had assets of $565 million and stockholder’s equity of $64 million as of December 31, 2006, and recorded approximately $32 million of revenue during 2006. M&T Auto Receivables’ registered office is at 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.
MTB Investment Advisors, Inc. (“MTB Investment Advisors”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T Bank, was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on June 30, 1995. MTB Investment Advisors serves as investment advisor to the MTB Group of Funds, a family of proprietary mutual funds, and institutional clients. As of December 31, 2006, MTB Investment Advisors had assets of $33 million and stockholder’s equity of $29 million. MTB Investment Advisors recorded revenues of $43 million in 2006. The headquarters of MTB Investment Advisors are located at 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
The Registrant and its banking subsidiaries have a number of other special-purpose or inactive subsidiaries. These other subsidiaries did not represent, individually and collectively, a significant portion of the Company’s consolidated assets, net income and stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2006.
 
Segment Information, Principal Products/Services and Foreign Operations
Information about the Registrant’s business segments is included in note 21 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and is further discussed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The Registrant’s reportable segments have been determined based upon its internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business unit. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The reportable segments are Commercial Banking, Commercial Real Estate, Discretionary Portfolio, Residential Mortgage Banking and Retail Banking. The Company’s international activities are discussed in note 16 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
The only activities that, as a class, contributed 10% or more of the sum of consolidated interest income and other income in any of the last three years were lending transactions and service charges on deposit accounts. The amount of income from such sources during those years is set forth on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
 
Supervision and Regulation of the Company
The banking industry is subject to extensive state and federal regulation and continues to undergo significant change. The following discussion summarizes certain aspects of the banking laws and
 
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regulations that affect the Company. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry are frequently raised in Congress, in state legislatures, and before the various bank regulatory agencies. The likelihood and timing of any changes and the impact such changes might have on the Company are impossible to determine with any certainty. A change in applicable laws or regulations, or a change in the way such laws or regulations are interpreted by regulatory agencies or courts, may have a material impact on the business, operations and earnings of the Company. To the extent that the following information describes statutory or regulatory provisions, it is qualified entirely by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provision.
 
Financial Services Modernization
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“Gramm-Leach”) enables combinations among banks, securities firms and insurance companies. Under Gramm-Leach, bank holding companies are permitted to offer their customers virtually any type of financial service that is financial in nature or incidental thereto, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both underwriting and agency), and merchant banking.
In order to engage in these financial activities, a bank holding company must qualify and register with the Federal Reserve Board as a “financial holding company” by demonstrating that each of its bank subsidiaries is “well capitalized,” “well managed,” and has at least a “satisfactory” rating under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”). M&T currently satisfies the qualifications for registering as a financial holding company, but has not elected to do so to date. For as long as AIB owns at least 15% of M&T’s outstanding common stock, M&T may not become a financial holding company without the approval of the Executive Committee of the M&T board of directors, which must also include the affirmative approval of the AIB Designee on such committee, as described above under the caption “Amendments to M&T’s Bylaws.”
The financial activities authorized by Gramm-Leach may also be engaged in by a “financial subsidiary” of a national or state bank, except for insurance or annuity underwriting, insurance company portfolio investments, real estate investment and development, and merchant banking, which must be conducted in a financial holding company. In order for these financial activities to be engaged in by a financial subsidiary of a national or state bank, Gramm-Leach requires each of the parent bank (and its sister-bank affiliates) to be well capitalized and well managed; the aggregate consolidated assets of all of that bank’s financial subsidiaries may not exceed the lesser of 45% of its consolidated total assets or $50 billion; the bank must have at least a satisfactory CRA rating; and, if that bank is one of the 100 largest national banks, it must meet certain financial rating or other comparable requirements. M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. currently satisfy the qualifications for engaging in financial activities through financial subsidiaries, but neither has elected to do so to date. Gramm-Leach also establishes a system of functional regulation under which the federal banking agencies will regulate the banking activities of financial holding companies and banks’ financial subsidiaries, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission will regulate their securities activities, and state insurance regulators will regulate their insurance activities. Rules developed by the federal financial institutions regulators under Gramm-Leach require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent the disclosure of certain personal information to nonaffiliated third parties. The foregoing discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the statutory provisions of Gramm-Leach and the implementing regulations which have been adopted by various government agencies pursuant to Gramm-Leach.
 
Bank Holding Company Regulation
As a registered bank holding company, the Registrant and its nonbank subsidiaries are subject to supervision and regulation under the BHCA by the Federal Reserve Board and under the Banking Law by the Banking Superintendent. The Federal Reserve Board requires regular reports from the Registrant and is authorized by the BHCA to make regular examinations of the Registrant and its subsidiaries.
The Registrant may not acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company, including a bank, without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board, except as specifically authorized under the BHCA. The Registrant is also subject to regulation under the
 
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Banking Law with respect to certain acquisitions of domestic banks. Under the BHCA, the Registrant, subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve Board, may acquire shares of non-banking corporations the activities of which are deemed by the Federal Reserve Board to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.
The Federal Reserve Board has enforcement powers over bank holding companies and their non-banking subsidiaries, among other things, to interdict activities that represent unsafe or unsound practices or constitute violations of law, rule, regulation, administrative orders or written agreements with a federal bank regulator. These powers may be exercised through the issuance of cease-and-desist orders, civil money penalties or other actions.
Under the Federal Reserve Board’s statement of policy with respect to bank holding company operations, a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions and to commit all available resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so absent such policy. Although this “source of strength” policy has been challenged in litigation, the Federal Reserve Board continues to take the position that it has authority to enforce it. For a discussion of circumstances under which a bank holding company may be required to guarantee the capital levels or performance of its subsidiary banks, see “Capital Adequacy,” below. Consistent with this “source of strength” policy, the Federal Reserve Board takes the position that a bank holding company generally should not maintain a rate of cash dividends unless its net income available to common shareholders has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve also has the authority to terminate any activity of a bank holding company that constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness or stability of any subsidiary depository institution or to terminate its control of any bank or nonbank subsidiaries.
The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, as amended (the “Interstate Banking Act”) generally permits bank holding companies to acquire banks in any state, and preempts all state laws restricting the ownership by a bank holding company of banks in more than one state. The Interstate Banking Act also permits a bank to merge with an out-of-state bank and convert any offices into branches of the resulting bank if both states have not opted out of interstate branching; permits a bank to acquire branches from an out-of-state bank if the law of the state where the branches are located permits the interstate branch acquisition; and permits banks to establish and operate de novo interstate branches whenever the host state opts-in to de novo branching. Bank holding companies and banks seeking to engage in transactions authorized by the Interstate Banking Act must be adequately capitalized and managed.
The Banking Law authorizes interstate branching by merger or acquisition on a reciprocal basis, and permits the acquisition of a single branch without restriction, but does not provide for de novo interstate branching.
Bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks are also subject to the provisions of the CRA. Under the terms of the CRA, the Federal Reserve Board (or other appropriate bank regulatory agency) is required, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess such bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of the communities served by that bank, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. During these examinations, the Federal Reserve Board (or other appropriate bank regulatory agency) rates such bank’s compliance with the CRA as “Outstanding,” “Satisfactory,” “Needs to Improve” or “Substantial Noncompliance.” The failure of a bank to receive at least a “Satisfactory” rating could inhibit such bank or its bank holding company from undertaking certain activities, including acquisitions of other financial institutions or opening or relocating a branch office, as further discussed below. M&T Bank has a CRA rating of “Outstanding” and M&T Bank, N.A. has a CRA rating of “Satisfactory.” Furthermore, such assessment is also required of any bank that has applied, among other things, to merge or consolidate with or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of a federally-regulated financial institution, or to open or relocate a branch office. In the case of a bank holding company applying for approval to acquire a bank or bank holding company, the Federal Reserve Board will assess the record of each subsidiary bank of the applicant bank holding company in considering the application. The Banking Law contains provisions similar to the CRA which are applicable to New York-chartered banks. M&T Bank has a CRA rating of “Outstanding” as determined by the New York State Banking Department.
 
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Supervision and Regulation of Bank Subsidiaries
The Registrant’s bank subsidiaries are subject to supervision and regulation, and are examined regularly, by various bank regulatory agencies: M&T Bank by the Federal Reserve Board and the Banking Superintendent; and M&T Bank, N.A. by the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). The Registrant and its direct non-banking subsidiaries are affiliates, within the meaning of the Federal Reserve Act, of the Registrant’s subsidiary banks and their subsidiaries. As a result, the Registrant’s subsidiary banks and their subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on loans or extensions of credit to, purchases of assets from, investments in, and transactions with the Registrant and its direct non-banking subsidiaries and on certain other transactions with them or involving their securities. Gramm-Leach places similar restrictions on the Registrant’s subsidiary banks making loans or extending credit to, purchasing assets from, investing in, or entering into transactions with, their financial subsidiaries.
Under the “cross-guarantee” provisions of the FDI Act, insured depository institutions under common control are required to reimburse the FDIC for any loss suffered by the DIF of the FDIC as a result of the default of a commonly controlled insured depository institution or for any assistance provided by the FDIC to a commonly controlled insured depository institution in danger of default. Thus, any insured depository institution subsidiary of M&T could incur liability to the FDIC in the event of a default of another insured depository institution owned or controlled by M&T. The FDIC’s claim under the cross-guarantee provisions is superior to claims of stockholders of the insured depository institution or its holding company and to most claims arising out of obligations or liabilities owed to affiliates of the institution, but is subordinate to claims of depositors, secured creditors and holders of subordinated debt (other than affiliates) of the commonly controlled insured depository institution. The FDIC may decline to enforce the cross-guarantee provisions if it determines that a waiver is in the best interest of the DIF.
 
Dividends from Bank Subsidiaries
The Registrant is a legal entity separate and distinct from its banking and other subsidiaries. The majority of the Registrant’s revenue is from dividends paid to the Registrant by its subsidiary banks. M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. are subject, under one or more of the banking laws, to restrictions on the amount and frequency (no more often than quarterly) of dividend declarations. Future dividend payments to the Registrant by its subsidiary banks will be dependent on a number of factors, including the earnings and financial condition of each such bank, and are subject to the limitations referred to in note 22 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and to other statutory powers of bank regulatory agencies.
An insured depository institution is prohibited from making any capital distribution to its owner, including any dividend, if, after making such distribution, the depository institution fails to meet the required minimum level for any relevant capital measure, including the risk-based capital adequacy and leverage standards discussed herein.
 
Supervision and Regulation of M&T Bank’s Subsidiaries
M&T Bank has a number of subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are subject to the laws and regulations of both the federal government and the various states in which they conduct business. For example, M&T Securities is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and state securities regulators.
 
Capital Adequacy
The Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC and the OCC have adopted risk-based capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies and banks under their supervision. Under these guidelines, the so-called “Tier 1 capital” and “Total capital” as a percentage of risk-weighted assets and certain off-balance sheet instruments must be at least 4% and 8%, respectively.
The Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC and the OCC have also imposed a leverage standard to supplement their risk-based ratios. This leverage standard focuses on a banking institution’s ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total assets, adjusted for goodwill and certain other items. Under these guidelines, banking institutions that meet certain criteria, including excellent asset quality, high liquidity, low interest
 
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rate exposure and good earnings, and that have received the highest regulatory rating must maintain a ratio of Tier 1 capital to total adjusted average assets of at least 3%. Institutions not meeting these criteria, as well as institutions with supervisory, financial or operational weaknesses, along with those experiencing or anticipating significant growth are expected to maintain a Tier 1 capital to total adjusted average assets ratio equal to at least 4% to 5%. As reflected in the table in note 22 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” the risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratios of the Registrant, M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. as of December 31, 2006 exceeded the required capital ratios for classification as “well capitalized,” the highest classification under the regulatory capital guidelines.
The federal banking agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board and the OCC, maintain risk-based capital standards in order to ensure that those standards take adequate account of interest rate risk, concentration of credit risk, the risk of nontraditional activities and equity investments in nonfinancial companies, as well as reflect the actual performance and expected risk of loss on certain multifamily housing loans. Bank regulators periodically propose amendments to the risk-based capital guidelines and related regulatory framework, and consider changes to the risk-based capital standards that could significantly increase the amount of capital needed to meet the requirements for the capital tiers described below. While the Company’s management studies such proposals, the timing of adoption, ultimate form and effect of any such proposed amendments on M&T’s capital requirements and operations cannot be predicted.
The federal banking agencies are required to take “prompt corrective action” in respect of depository institutions and their bank holding companies that do not meet minimum capital requirements. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act established five capital tiers: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” A depository institution’s capital tier, or that of its bank holding company, depends upon where its capital levels are in relation to various relevant capital measures, including a risk-based capital measure and a leverage ratio capital measure, and certain other factors.
Under the implementing regulations adopted by the federal banking agencies, a bank holding company or bank is considered “well capitalized” if it has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater, (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% or greater, (iii) a leverage ratio of 5% or greater and (iv) is not subject to any order or written directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. An “adequately capitalized” bank holding company or bank is defined as one that has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 8% or greater, (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4% or greater and (iii) a leverage ratio of 4% or greater (or 3% or greater in the case of a bank with a composite CAMELS rating of 1). A bank holding company or bank is considered (A) “undercapitalized” if it has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8%, (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4% or (iii) a leverage ratio of less than 4% (or 3% in the case of a bank with a composite CAMELS rating of 1); (B) “significantly undercapitalized” if the bank has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6%, or (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 3% or (iii) a leverage ratio of less than 3% and (C) “critically undercapitalized” if the bank has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets equal to or less than 2%. The Federal Reserve Board may reclassify a “well capitalized” bank holding company or bank as “adequately capitalized” or subject an “adequately capitalized” or “undercapitalized” institution to the supervisory actions applicable to the next lower capital category if it determines that the bank holding company or bank is in an unsafe or unsound condition or deems the bank holding company or bank to be engaged in an unsafe or unsound practice and not to have corrected the deficiency. M&T, M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. currently meet the definition of “well capitalized” institutions.
“Undercapitalized” depository institutions, among other things, are subject to growth limitations, are prohibited, with certain exceptions, from making capital distributions, are limited in their ability to obtain funding from a Federal Reserve Bank and are required to submit a capital restoration plan. The federal banking agencies may not accept a capital plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institution’s capital. In addition, for a capital restoration plan to be acceptable, the depository institution’s parent holding company must guarantee that the institution will comply with such capital restoration plan and provide appropriate assurances of performance. If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable
 
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plan, including if the holding company refuses or is unable to make the guarantee described in the previous sentence, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.” Failure to submit or implement an acceptable capital plan also is grounds for the appointment of a conservator or a receiver. “Significantly undercapitalized” depository institutions may be subject to a number of additional requirements and restrictions, including orders to sell sufficient voting stock to become “adequately capitalized,” requirements to reduce total assets and cessation of receipt of deposits from correspondent banks. Moreover, the parent holding company of a “significantly undercapitalized” depository institution may be ordered to divest itself of the institution or of nonbank subsidiaries of the holding company. “Critically undercapitalized” institutions, among other things, are prohibited from making any payments of principal and interest on subordinated debt, and are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.
Each federal banking agency prescribes standards for depository institutions and depository institution holding companies relating to internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, a maximum ratio of classified assets to capital, minimum earnings sufficient to absorb losses, a minimum ratio of market value to book value for publicly traded shares and other standards as they deem appropriate. The Federal Reserve Board and OCC have adopted such standards.
Depository institutions that are not “well capitalized” or “adequately capitalized” and have not received a waiver from the FDIC are prohibited from accepting or renewing brokered deposits. As of December 31, 2006, M&T Bank had approximately $2.8 billion of brokered deposits, while M&T Bank, N.A. did not have any brokered deposits at that date.
Although M&T has issued shares of common stock in connection with acquisitions or at other times, the Company has generally maintained capital ratios in excess of minimum regulatory guidelines largely through internal capital generation (i.e. net income less dividends paid). Historically, M&T’s dividend payout ratio and dividend yield, when compared with other bank holding companies, has been relatively low, thereby allowing for capital retention to support growth or to facilitate purchases of M&T’s common stock to be held as treasury stock. Management’s policy of reinvestment of earnings and repurchase of shares of common stock is intended to enhance M&T’s earnings per share prospects and thereby reward stockholders over time with capital gains in the form of increased stock price rather than high dividend income.
 
FDIC Deposit Insurance Assessments
In February 2006, The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 and The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 (collectively the “Reform Act”) were signed into law. The Reform Act provided for the merging of the Bank Insurance Fund and Savings Association Insurance Fund into the new DIF, effective March 31, 2006.
As institutions with deposits insured by the DIF, M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. are subject to FDIC deposit insurance assessments. Under the provisions of the Reform Act, the regular insurance assessments to be paid by insured institutions are specified in schedules issued by the FDIC that specify a target reserve ratio designed to maintain the reserve ratio of between 1.15% and 1.50% of estimated insured deposits.
Under the Reform Act, the FDIC has modified its risk-based deposit premium assessment system under which each depository institution is placed in one of four assessment categories based on the institution’s capital classification under the prompt corrective action provisions described above, and an institution’s long-term debt issuer ratings. Effective January 1, 2007, the adjusted assessment rates for insured institutions under the modified system range from .05% to .43% depending upon the assessment category into which the insured institution is placed. Under the previous assessment system, the adjusted assessment rates ranged from .00% to .27%. Neither of the Company’s bank subsidiaries paid regular insurance assessments to the FDIC in 2006.
The Reform Act provides for a one-time assessment credit for eligible insured depository institutions (those institutions that were in existence on December 31, 1996 and paid a deposit insurance assessment prior to that date, or are a successor to any such institution). The credit is determined based on the assessment base of the institution as of December 31, 1996 as compared with the combined
 
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aggregate assessment base of all eligible institutions as of that date. The credit may be used to offset up to 100% of the 2007 DIF assessment, and if not completely used in 2007, may be applied to not more than 90% of each of the aggregate 2008, 2009 and 2010 DIF assessments.
In addition to insurance fund assessments, beginning in 1997 the FDIC assessed deposits to fund the repayment of debt obligations of the Financing Corporation (“FICO”). FICO is a government agency-sponsored entity that was formed to borrow the money necessary to carry out the closing and ultimate disposition of failed thrift institutions by the Resolution Trust Corporation. The current annualized rate established by the FDIC is 1.22 basis points (hundredths of one percent).
The insurance assessments under the Reform Act are not expected to have a significant adverse impact on the results of operations and capital of M&T Bank or M&T Bank, N.A. in 2007 or 2008. However, any significant increases in assessment rates or additional special assessments by the FDIC could have an adverse impact on the results of operations and capital of M&T Bank or M&T Bank, N.A.
 
Consumer Protection Laws
In connection with their respective lending and leasing activities, M&T Bank, certain of its subsidiaries, and M&T Bank, N.A. are each subject to a number of federal and state laws designed to protect borrowers and promote lending to various sectors of the economy population. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, and various state law counterparts.
In addition, federal law currently contains extensive customer privacy protection provisions. Under these provisions, a financial institution must provide to its customers, at the inception of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institution’s policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers’ nonpublic personal financial information. These provisions also provide that, except for certain limited exceptions, a financial institution may not provide such personal information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that such information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. Federal law makes it a criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by fraudulent or deceptive means.
 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 implemented a broad range of corporate governance, accounting and reporting measures for companies that have securities registered under the Exchange Act, including publicly-held bank holding companies such as M&T. Specifically, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the various regulations promulgated thereunder, established, among other things: (i) new requirements for audit committees, including independence, expertise, and responsibilities; (ii) additional responsibilities regarding financial statements for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the reporting company; (iii) the forfeiture of bonuses or other incentive-based compensation and profits from the sale of the reporting company’s securities by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in the twelve-month period following the initial publication of any financial statements that later require restatement; (iv) the creation of an independent accounting oversight board; (v) new standards for auditors and regulation of audits, including independence provisions that restrict non-audit services that accountants may provide to their audit clients; (vi) increased disclosure and reporting obligations for the reporting company and their directors and executive officers, including accelerated reporting of stock transactions and a prohibition on trading during pension blackout periods; (vii) a prohibition on personal loans to directors and officers, except certain loans made by insured financial institutions on nonpreferential terms and in compliance with other bank regulatory requirements; and (viii) a range of new and increased civil and criminal penalties for fraud and other violations of the securities laws.
 
USA Patriot Act
The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”) imposes additional obligations on U.S. financial institutions, including banks and broker dealer subsidiaries, to implement policies, procedures and
 
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controls which are reasonably designed to detect and report instances of money laundering and the financing of terrorism. In addition, provisions of the USA Patriot Act require the federal financial institution regulatory agencies to consider the effectiveness of a financial institution’s anti-money laundering activities when reviewing bank mergers and bank holding company acquisitions. The Registrant and its impacted subsidiaries have approved policies and procedures that are believed to be compliant with the USA Patriot Act.
 
Regulatory Impact of M&T’s Relationship With AIB
As described above under the caption “Relationship With Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.,” AIB owns approximately 24.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of M&T common stock and has representation on the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors. As a result, AIB has become M&T’s bank holding company under the BHCA and the Banking Law and AIB’s relationship with M&T is subject to the statutes and regulations governing bank holding companies described above. Among other things, AIB will have to join M&T in applications by M&T for acquisitions and new activities. The Reorganization Agreement requires AIB to join in such applications at M&T’s request, subject to certain limitations. In addition, because AIB is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland (the “CBI”), the CBI may assert jurisdiction over M&T as a company controlled by AIB. Additional discussion of the regulatory implications of the Allfirst acquisition for M&T is set forth above under the caption “Certain Post-Closing Bank Regulatory Matters.”
 
Governmental Policies
The earnings of the Company are significantly affected by the monetary and fiscal policies of governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve Board. Among the instruments of monetary policy used by the Federal Reserve Board to implement these objectives are open-market operations in U.S. Government securities and federal funds, changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowings and changes in reserve requirements against member bank deposits. These instruments of monetary policy are used in varying combinations to influence the overall level of bank loans, investments and deposits, and the interest rates charged on loans and paid for deposits. The Federal Reserve Board frequently uses these instruments of monetary policy, especially its open-market operations and the discount rate, to influence the level of interest rates and to affect the strength of the economy, the level of inflation or the price of the dollar in foreign exchange markets. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board have had a significant effect on the operating results of banking institutions in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. It is not possible to predict the nature of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies, or the effect which they may have on the Company’s business and earnings.
 
Competition
The Company competes in offering commercial and personal financial services with other banking institutions and with firms in a number of other industries, such as thrift institutions, credit unions, personal loan companies, sales finance companies, leasing companies, securities firms and insurance companies. Furthermore, diversified financial services companies are able to offer a combination of these services to their customers on a nationwide basis. The Company’s operations are significantly impacted by state and federal regulations applicable to the banking industry. Moreover, the provisions of Gramm-Leach have allowed for increased competition among diversified financial services providers, and the Interstate Banking Act and the Banking Law may be considered to have eased entry into New York State by out-of-state banking institutions. As a result, the number of financial services providers and banking institutions with which the Company competes may grow in the future.
 
Other Legislative Initiatives
Proposals may be introduced in the United States Congress and in the New York State Legislature and before various bank regulatory authorities which would alter the powers of, and restrictions on, different types of banking organizations and which would restructure part or all of the existing regulatory framework for banks, bank holding companies and other providers of financial services. Moreover, other bills may be introduced in Congress which would further regulate, deregulate or restructure the financial
 
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services industry. It is not possible to predict whether these or any other proposals will be enacted into law or, even if enacted, the effect which they may have on the Company’s business and earnings.
 
Other Information
Through a link on the Investor Relations section of M&T’s website at www.mandtbank.com, copies of M&T’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are made available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of such reports and other information are also available at no charge to any person who requests them or at www.sec.gov. Such requests may be directed to M&T Bank Corporation, Shareholder Relations Department, One M&T Plaza, 13th Floor, Buffalo, NY 14203-2399 (Telephone: (716) 842-5445).
 
Corporate Governance
M&T’s Corporate Governance Standards and the following corporate governance documents are also available on M&T’s website at the Investor Relations link: Disclosure Policy; Executive Committee Charter; Nomination, Compensation and Governance Committee Charter; Audit Committee Charter; Financial Reporting and Disclosure Controls and Procedures Policy; Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers; Code of Business Conduct and Ethics; and Employee Complaint Procedures for Accounting and Auditing Matters. Copies of such governance documents are also available, free of charge, to any person who requests them. Such requests may be directed to M&T Bank Corporation, Shareholder Relations Department, One M&T Plaza, 13th Floor, Buffalo, NY 14203-2399 (Telephone: (716) 842-5445).
 
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Statistical Disclosure Pursuant to Guide 3
See cross-reference sheet for disclosures incorporated elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional information is included in the following tables.
 
Table 1
 
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED YEAR-END BALANCES
 
                                         
    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    (In thousands)  
 
Interest-bearing deposits at banks
  $ 6,639     $ 8,408     $ 10,242     $ 13,194     $ 7,856  
Federal funds sold
    19,458       11,220       28,150       21,220       9,290  
Resell agreements
    100,000             1,026       1,068       311,069  
Trading account
    136,752       191,617       159,946       214,833       51,628  
Investment securities
                                       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
    2,381,584       3,016,374       3,965,110       3,398,547       1,209,180  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    130,207       181,938       204,792       249,193       256,023  
Other
    4,739,807       5,201,852       4,304,717       3,611,410       2,489,947  
                                         
Total investment securities
    7,251,598       8,400,164       8,474,619       7,259,150       3,955,150  
Loans and leases
                                       
Commercial, financial, leasing, etc. 
    11,896,556       11,105,827       10,169,695       9,406,399       5,399,738  
Real estate — construction
    3,453,981       2,335,498       1,797,106       1,537,880       1,001,553  
Real estate — mortgage
    17,940,083       16,636,557       15,538,227       13,932,731       12,010,464  
Consumer
    9,916,334       10,475,809       11,139,594       11,160,588       7,525,187  
                                         
Total loans and leases
    43,206,954       40,553,691       38,644,622       36,037,598       25,936,942  
Unearned discount
    (259,657 )     (223,046 )     (246,145 )     (265,163 )     (209,158 )
Allowance for credit losses
    (649,948 )     (637,663 )     (626,864 )     (614,058 )     (436,472 )
                                         
Loans and leases, net
    42,297,349       39,692,982       37,771,613       35,158,377       25,291,312  
Goodwill
    2,908,849       2,904,081       2,904,081       2,904,081       1,097,553  
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    250,233       108,260       165,507       240,830       118,790  
Real estate and other assets owned
    12,141       9,486       12,504       19,629       17,380  
Total assets
    57,064,905       55,146,406       52,938,721       49,826,081       33,201,181  
Noninterest-bearing deposits
    7,879,977       8,141,928       8,417,365       8,411,296       4,072,085  
NOW accounts
    940,439       901,938       828,999       1,738,427       1,029,060  
Savings deposits
    14,169,790       13,839,150       14,721,663       14,118,521       9,156,678  
Time deposits
    11,490,629       11,407,626       7,228,514       6,637,249       6,246,384  
Deposits at foreign office
    5,429,668       2,809,532       4,232,932       2,209,451       1,160,716  
                                         
Total deposits
    39,910,503       37,100,174       35,429,473       33,114,944       21,664,923  
Short-term borrowings
    3,094,214       5,152,872       4,703,664       4,442,246       3,429,414  
Long-term borrowings
    6,890,741       6,196,994       6,348,559       5,535,425       4,497,374  
Total liabilities
    50,783,810       49,270,020       47,209,107       44,108,871       29,992,702  
Stockholders’ equity
    6,281,095       5,876,386       5,729,614       5,717,210       3,208,479  
 
Table 2
 
STOCKHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES AND OFFICES
 
                                         
Number at Year-End
  2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
 
Stockholders
    10,084       10,437       10,857       11,258       11,587  
Employees
    13,352       13,525       13,371       14,000       9,197  
Offices
    736       724       713       735       493  
 
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Table 3
 
CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS
 
                                         
    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    (In thousands)  
 
Interest income
                                       
Loans and leases, including fees
  $ 2,927,411     $ 2,420,660     $ 1,974,469     $ 1,897,701     $ 1,670,412  
Deposits at banks
    372       169       65       147       76  
Federal funds sold
    1,670       807       123       122       81  
Resell agreements
    3,927       1       11       1,753       4,374  
Trading account
    2,446       1,544       375       592       202  
Investment securities
                                       
Fully taxable
    363,401       351,423       309,141       210,968       148,221  
Exempt from federal taxes
    14,866       14,090       14,548       15,282       18,733  
                                         
Total interest income
    3,314,093       2,788,694       2,298,732       2,126,565       1,842,099  
                                         
Interest expense
                                       
NOW accounts
    3,461       2,182       1,802       3,613       3,900  
Savings deposits
    201,543       139,445       92,064       102,190       107,281  
Time deposits
    551,514       294,782       154,722       159,700       237,001  
Deposits at foreign office
    178,348       120,122       43,034       14,991       8,460  
Short-term borrowings
    227,850       157,853       71,172       49,064       52,723  
Long-term borrowings
    333,836       279,967       201,366       198,252       185,149  
                                         
Total interest expense
    1,496,552       994,351       564,160       527,810       594,514  
                                         
Net interest income
    1,817,541       1,794,343       1,734,572       1,598,755       1,247,585  
Provision for credit losses
    80,000       88,000       95,000       131,000       122,000  
                                         
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
    1,737,541       1,706,343       1,639,572       1,467,755       1,125,585  
                                         
Other income
                                       
Mortgage banking revenues
    143,181       136,114       124,353       149,105       116,408  
Service charges on deposit accounts
    380,950       369,918       366,301       309,749       167,531  
Trust income
    140,781       134,679       136,296       114,620       60,030  
Brokerage services income
    60,295       55,572       53,740       51,184       43,261  
Trading account and foreign exchange gains
    24,761       22,857       19,435       15,989       2,860  
Gain (loss) on bank investment securities
    2,566       (28,133 )     2,874       2,487       (608 )
Other revenues from operations
    293,318       258,711       239,970       187,961       122,449  
                                         
Total other income
    1,045,852       949,718       942,969       831,095       511,931  
                                         
Other expense
                                       
Salaries and employee benefits
    873,353       822,239       806,552       740,324       496,990  
Equipment and net occupancy
    168,776       173,689       179,595       170,623       107,822  
Printing, postage and supplies
    33,956       33,743       34,476       36,985       25,378  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
    63,008       56,805       75,410       78,152       51,484  
Other costs of operations
    412,658       398,666       419,985       422,096       279,937  
                                         
Total other expense
    1,551,751       1,485,142       1,516,018       1,448,180       961,611  
                                         
Income before income taxes
    1,231,642       1,170,919       1,066,523       850,670       675,905  
Income taxes
    392,453       388,736       344,002       276,728       219,153  
                                         
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521     $ 573,942     $ 456,752  
                                         
Dividends declared — Common
  $ 249,817     $ 198,619     $ 187,669     $ 135,423     $ 96,858  
 
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Table 4
 
COMMON SHAREHOLDER DATA
 
                                         
    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
 
Per share
                                       
Net income
                                       
Basic
  $ 7.55     $ 6.88     $ 6.14     $ 5.08     $ 4.94  
Diluted
    7.37       6.73       6.00       4.95       4.78  
Cash dividends declared
    2.25       1.75       1.60       1.20       1.05  
Stockholders’ equity at year-end
    56.94       52.39       49.68       47.55       34.82  
Tangible stockholders’ equity at year-end
    28.57       25.91       23.62       21.97       22.04  
Dividend payout ratio
    29.79 %     25.42 %     26.00 %     23.62 %     21.24 %
 
Table 5
 
CHANGES IN INTEREST INCOME AND EXPENSE(a)
 
                                                 
    2006 Compared with 2005     2005 Compared with 2004  
    Total
    Resulting from Changes in:     Total
    Resulting from Changes in:  
    Change     Volume     Rate     Change     Volume     Rate  
    (Increase (decrease) in thousands)  
 
Interest income
                                               
Loans and leases, including fees
  $ 508,777       121,931       386,846     $ 446,762       133,491       313,271  
Deposits at banks
    203       39       164       104       (15 )     119  
Federal funds sold and agreements to resell securities
    4,789       3,495       1,294       674       392       282  
Trading account
    902       204       698       1,126       301       825  
Investment securities
                                               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
    (12,859 )     (24,339 )     11,480       (24,425 )     (26,869 )     2,444  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    (637 )     (1,479 )     842       (4,157 )     (2,415 )     (1,742 )
Other
    26,580       8,545       18,035       69,859       56,376       13,483  
                                                 
Total interest income
  $ 527,755                     $ 489,943                  
                                                 
Interest expense
                                               
Interest-bearing deposits
                                               
NOW accounts
  $ 1,279       216       1,063     $ 380       (594 )     974  
Savings deposits
    62,098       (4,684 )     66,782       47,381       (2,601 )     49,982  
Time deposits
    256,732       124,211       132,521       140,060       58,514       81,546  
Deposits at foreign office
    58,226       (6,908 )     65,134       77,088       11,031       66,057  
Short-term borrowings
    69,997       (12,406 )     82,403       86,681       (3,668 )     90,349  
Long-term borrowings
    53,869       (18,229 )     72,098       78,601       21,319       57,282  
                                                 
Total interest expense
  $ 502,201                     $ 430,191                  
                                                 
 
 
(a) Interest income data are on a taxable-equivalent basis. The apportionment of changes resulting from the combined effect of both volume and rate was based on the separately determined volume and rate changes.
 
Item 1A.   Risk Factors.
 
M&T and its subsidiaries could be adversely impacted by various risks and uncertainties which are difficult to predict. As a financial institution, the Company has significant exposure to market risk, including interest-rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk, among others. Adverse experience with these or other risks could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, as well as on the value of the Company’s financial instruments in general, and M&T’s common stock, in particular.
 
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Interest Rate Risk — The Company is exposed to interest rate risk in its core banking activities of lending and deposit-taking since assets and liabilities reprice at different times and by different amounts as interest rates change. As a result, net interest income, which represents the largest revenue source for the Company, is subject to the effects of changing interest rates. The Company closely monitors the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in interest rates and attempts to limit the variability of net interest income as interest rates change. The Company makes use of both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments to mitigate exposure to interest rate risk. Possible actions to mitigate such risk include, but are not limited to, changes in the pricing of loan and deposit products, modifying the composition of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and adding to, modifying or terminating interest rate swap agreements or other financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes.
Liquidity Risk — Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to ensure that sufficient cash flow and liquid assets are available to satisfy current and future financial obligations, including demands for loans and deposit withdrawals, funding operating costs, and for other corporate purposes. Liquidity risk arises whenever the maturities of financial instruments included in assets and liabilities differ. The Company obtains funding through deposits and various short-term and long-term wholesale borrowings, including federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, brokered certificates of deposit, offshore branch deposits and borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York and others. Should the Company experience a substantial deterioration in its financial condition or its debt ratings, or should the availability of funding become restricted due to disruption in the financial markets, the Company’s ability to obtain funding from these or other sources could be negatively impacted. The Company attempts to quantify such credit-event risk by modeling scenarios that estimate the liquidity impact resulting from a short-term ratings downgrade over various grading levels. The Company estimates such impact by attempting to measure the effect on available unsecured lines of credit, available capacity from secured borrowing sources and securitizable assets. To mitigate such risk, the Company maintains available lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York that are secured by loans and investment securities. On an ongoing basis, management closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position for compliance with internal policies and believes that available sources of liquidity are adequate to meet funding needs in the normal course of business.
Credit Risk — Factors that influence the Company’s credit loss experience include overall economic conditions affecting businesses and consumers, in general, and, due to the size of the Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio, real estate valuations, in particular. Other factors that can influence the Company’s credit loss experience, in addition to general economic conditions and borrowers’ specific abilities to repay loans, include: (i) the concentration of commercial real estate loans in the Company’s loan portfolio, particularly the large concentration of loans secured by properties in New York State, in general, and in the New York City metropolitan area, in particular; (ii) the amount of commercial and industrial loans to businesses in areas of New York State outside of the New York City metropolitan area and in central Pennsylvania that have historically experienced less economic growth and vitality than the vast majority of other regions of the country; and (iii) the size of the Company’s portfolio of loans to individual consumers, which historically have experienced higher net charge-offs as a percentage of loans outstanding than other loan types. Although the national economy experienced moderate growth in 2006 with inflation being reasonably well contained, concerns exist about the level and volatility of energy prices; a weakening housing market, particularly concerns about over-valued real estate; Federal Reserve positioning of monetary policy; the underlying impact on businesses’ operations and abilities to repay loans resulting from a higher level of interest rates; sluggish job creation, which could cause consumer spending to slow; continued stagnant population growth in the upstate New York and central Pennsylvania regions; continued slowing of domestic automobile sales; and modest loan demand in many market areas served by the Company. All of these factors can affect the Company’s credit loss experience. To help manage credit risk, the Company maintains a detailed credit policy and utilizes various committees that include members of senior management to approve significant extensions of credit. The Company also maintains a credit review department that regularly reviews the Company’s loan and lease portfolios to ensure compliance with established credit policy. The Company maintains an allowance for
 
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credit losses that in management’s judgment is adequate to absorb losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio.
Supervision and Regulation — The Company is subject to extensive state and federal laws and regulations governing the banking industry, in particular, and public companies, in general. Many of those laws and regulations are described in Part I, Item 1 “Business.” Changes in those laws and regulations, or the degree of the Company’s compliance with those laws and regulations as judged by any of several regulators that oversee the Company, could have a significant effect on the Company’s operations and its financial results.
Detailed discussions of the specific risks outlined above and other risks facing the Company are included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part  I, Item 1 “Business,” and Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Furthermore, in Part II, Item 7 under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” is included a description of certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified by management that are difficult to predict and that could materially affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, as well as the value of the Company’s financial instruments in general, and M&T common stock, in particular.
In addition, the market price of M&T common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of other factors, including changes in securities analysts’ estimates of financial performance, volatility of stock market prices and volumes, rumors or erroneous information, changes in market valuations of similar companies and changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other regulatory agencies.
 
Item 1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments.
 
None
 
Item 2.   Properties.
 
Both M&T and M&T Bank maintain their executive offices at One M&T Plaza in Buffalo, New York. This twenty-one story headquarters building, containing approximately 278,000 rentable square feet of space, is owned in fee by M&T Bank and was completed in 1967. M&T, M&T Bank and their subsidiaries occupy approximately 78% of the building and the remainder is leased to non-affiliated tenants. At December 31, 2006, the cost of this property (including improvements subsequent to the initial construction), net of accumulated depreciation, was $5.2 million.
In September 1992, M&T Bank acquired an additional facility in Buffalo, New York with approximately 365,000 rentable square feet of space at a cost of approximately $12 million. Approximately 89% of this facility, known as M&T Center, is occupied by M&T Bank and its subsidiaries, with the remainder leased to non-affiliated tenants. At December 31, 2006, the cost of this building (including improvements subsequent to acquisition), net of accumulated depreciation, was $12.0 million.
M&T Bank also owns and occupies two separate facilities in the Buffalo area which support certain back-office and operations functions of the Company. The total square footage of these facilities approximates 215,000 square feet and their combined cost (including improvements subsequent to acquisition), net of accumulated depreciation, was $17.6 million at December 31, 2006.
M&T Bank also owns a facility in Syracuse, New York with approximately 150,000 rentable square feet of space. Approximately 41% of this facility is occupied by M&T Bank. At December 31, 2006, the cost of this building (including improvements subsequent to acquisition), net of accumulated depreciation, was $7.7 million.
M&T Bank also owns facilities in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and Millsboro, Delaware with approximately 206,000 and 322,000 rentable square feet of space, respectively. M&T Bank occupies approximately 38% and 84% of these respective facilities. At December 31, 2006, the cost of these buildings (including improvements subsequent to acquisition), net of accumulated depreciation, was $13.0 million and $7.9 million, respectively.
No other properties owned by M&T Bank have more than 100,000 square feet of space. The cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, of the Company’s premises and equipment is detailed in note 6 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and
 
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Supplementary Data.” Of the 672 domestic banking offices of the Registrant’s subsidiary banks at December 31, 2006, 281 are owned in fee and 391 are leased.
 
Item 3.   Legal Proceedings.
 
M&T and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability, if any, arising out of litigation pending against M&T or its subsidiaries will be material to M&T’s consolidated financial position, but at the present time is not in a position to determine whether such litigation will have a material adverse effect on M&T’s consolidated results of operations in any future reporting period.
 
Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
 
No matters were submitted to a vote of M&T’s security holders during the fourth quarter of 2006.
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Information concerning the Registrant’s executive officers is presented below as of February 20, 2007. The year the officer was first appointed to the indicated position with the Registrant or its subsidiaries is shown parenthetically. In the case of each corporation noted below, officers’ terms run until the first meeting of the board of directors after such corporation’s annual meeting, which in the case of the Registrant takes place immediately following the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and until their successors are elected and qualified.
Robert G. Wilmers, age 72, is chief executive officer (2007), chairman of the board (2000) and a director (1982) of the Registrant. From April 1998 until July 2000, he served as president and chief executive officer of the Registrant, and from July 2000 until June 2005, he served as chairman, president (1988) and chief executive officer (1983) of the Registrant. He is chief executive officer (2007), chairman of the board (2005) and a director (1982) of M&T Bank, and previously served as chairman of the board of M&T Bank from March 1983 to July 2003 and as president of M&T Bank from March 1984 to June 1996.
Michael P. Pinto, age 51, is a vice chairman (2007) and a director (2003) of the Registrant. Previously, he was an executive vice president of the Registrant (1997). He is a vice chairman and a director (2003) of M&T Bank and is the chairman and chief executive officer of M&T Bank’s Mid-Atlantic Division (2005). Prior to April 2005, Mr. Pinto was the chief financial officer of the Registrant (1997) and M&T Bank (1996), and he oversaw the Company’s Finance Division, Technology and Banking Operations Division, Corporate Services Group, Treasury Division and General Counsel’s Office. Mr. Pinto is a director of M&T Investment (2004) and a trustee of M&T Real Estate (1996). He is an executive vice president (1996) and a director (1998) of M&T Bank, N.A. Mr. Pinto is also responsible for managing the operations of MTB Investment Advisors and the MTB Group of Funds.
Mark J. Czarnecki, age 51, is president and a director (2007) of the Registrant and president and a director (2007) of M&T Bank. Previously, he was an executive vice president of the Registrant (1999) and M&T Bank (1997). He is in charge of the M&T Investment Group, which is comprised of M&T Securities, M&T Insurance Agency and the Trust and Investment Services Division of M&T Bank. He is also in charge of the Company’s Retail Banking network which includes branches, automated teller machines, web-banking and telephone banking systems. Mr. Czarnecki is a director of M&T Securities (1999) and an executive vice president (1997) and a director (2005) of M&T Bank, N.A. He is chairman of the board and a director of M&T Insurance Agency (2000) and MTB Investment Advisors (2003).
James J. Beardi, age 60, is an executive vice president (2003) of the Registrant and M&T Bank, and is responsible for managing the Company’s Residential Mortgage business and the General Counsel’s Office. He was president and a director of M&T Mortgage (1991) until its merger into M&T Bank on January 1, 2007. Mr. Beardi served as senior vice president of M&T Bank from 1989 to 2003.
Robert J. Bojdak, age 51, is an executive vice president and chief credit officer (2004) of the Registrant and M&T Bank. From April 2002 to April 2004, Mr. Bojdak served as senior vice president and credit deputy for M&T Bank. Previous to joining M&T Bank in 2002, Mr. Bojdak served in several
 
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senior management positions at KeyCorp., most recently as executive vice president and regional credit executive. He is an executive vice president and a director of M&T Bank, N.A. (2004) and M&T Credit (2004).
Stephen J. Braunscheidel, age 50, is an executive vice president (2004) of the Registrant and M&T Bank, and is in charge of the Company’s Human Resources Division. Previously, he was a senior vice president in the M&T Investment Services Group, where he managed the Private Client Services and Employee Benefits departments. Mr. Braunscheidel has held a number of management positions with M&T Bank since 1978.
Atwood Collins, III, age 60, is an executive vice president of the Registrant (1997) and M&T Bank (1996), and is the president and chief operating officer of M&T Bank’s Mid-Atlantic Division. Mr. Collins is a trustee of M&T Real Estate (1995) and a director of M&T Realty Capital (2003).
Gregory L. Ford, age 47, is an executive vice president of the Registrant (2006) and M&T Bank (2004), and is responsible for managing the Company’s Consumer Lending department, as well as its Automobile Floor Plan department. He is president and a director of M&T Credit (1999) and is an executive vice president of M&T Bank, N.A. (2004). Mr. Ford served as a senior vice president of M&T Bank from 1998 to 2004.
Brian E. Hickey, age 54, is an executive vice president of the Registrant (1997) and M&T Bank (1996). He is a member of the Directors Advisory Council (1994) of the Rochester Division of M&T Bank. Mr. Hickey is responsible for managing all of the non-retail segments in the Albany, Hudson Valley, Rochester, Syracuse and Southern Divisions of M&T Bank, and he also has responsibility for managing the Company’s middle market commercial banking, health care and government banking businesses.
René F. Jones, age 42, is an executive vice president (2006) and chief financial officer (2005) of the Registrant and M&T Bank. Previously, Mr. Jones was a senior vice president in charge of the Financial Performance Measurement department within M&T Bank’s Finance Division. Mr. Jones has held a number of management positions within M&T Bank’s Finance Division since 1992. Mr. Jones is an executive vice president and chief financial officer of M&T Bank, N.A. (2005), and he is a trustee of M&T Real Estate (2005). He is a director of M&T Investment (2005).
Adam C. Kugler, age 49, is an executive vice president and treasurer (1997) of the Registrant and M&T Bank, and is in charge of the Company’s Treasury Division. Mr. Kugler is chairman of the board and a director of M&T Investment (2004), a director of M&T Securities (1997) and M&T Realty Capital (2003), and is an executive vice president, treasurer and a director of M&T Bank, N.A. (1997).
Kevin J. Pearson, age 45, is an executive vice president (2002) of the Registrant and M&T Bank. He is responsible for managing all of the non-retail segments in the New York City and Philadelphia Divisions of M&T Bank, as well as the Company’s commercial real estate business. Mr. Pearson is an executive vice president of M&T Real Estate (2003) and a director of M&T Realty Capital (2003). He served as senior vice president of M&T Bank from 2000 to 2002.
Michele D. Trolli, age 45, is an executive vice president (2005) of the Registrant and M&T Bank. She is chief information officer and is in charge of the Technology and Banking Operations Division and the Corporate Services Group of M&T Bank. Ms. Trolli served as senior director, global systems support, with Franklin Resources, Inc., a worldwide investment management company, from May 2000 through December 2004.
 
PART II
 
Item 5.   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
 
The Registrant’s common stock is traded under the symbol MTB on the New York Stock Exchange. See cross-reference sheet for disclosures incorporated elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for market prices of the Registrant’s common stock, approximate number of common stockholders at year-end, frequency and amounts of dividends on common stock and restrictions on the payment of dividends.
 
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During the fourth quarter of 2006, M&T did not issue any shares of its common stock that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2006 with respect to shares of common stock that may be issued under M&T Bank Corporation’s existing equity compensation plans. M&T Bank Corporation’s existing equity compensation plans are the M&T Bank Corporation 1983 Stock Option Plan (the “1983 Stock Option Plan”); the M&T Bank Corporation 2001 Stock Option Plan (the “2001 Stock Option Plan”); the M&T Bank Corporation 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2005 Incentive Compensation Plan”), which replaced the 2001 Stock Option Plan; and the M&T Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Employee Stock Purchase Plan”), each of which has been previously approved by stockholders, and the M&T Bank Corporation Directors’ Stock Plan (the “Directors’ Stock Plan”) and the M&T Bank Corporation Deferred Bonus Plan (the “Deferred Bonus Plan”), each of which did not require stockholder approval.
The table does not include information with respect to shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and rights assumed by M&T Bank Corporation in connection with mergers and acquisitions of the companies that originally granted those options and rights. Footnote (1) to the table sets forth the total number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such assumed options and rights as of December 31, 2006, and their weighted-average exercise price.
 
                         
                Number of Securities
 
    Number of
          Remaining Available
 
    Securities
          for Future Issuance
 
    to be Issued Upon
    Weighted-Average
    Under Equity
 
    Exercise of
    Exercise Price of
    Compensation Plans
 
    Outstanding
    Outstanding
    (Excluding Securities
 
Plan Category
  Options or Rights     Options or Rights     Reflected in Column A)  
    (A)     (B)     (C)  
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
                       
1983 Stock Option Plan
    2,809,613     $ 52.01        
2001 Stock Option Plan
    5,996,070       88.24        
2005 Incentive Compensation Plan
    1,695,366       109.01       7,199,903  
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
    105,218       110.26       501,827  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders:
                       
Directors’ Stock Plan
    2,678       122.16       15,719  
Deferred Bonus Plan
    61,757       58.90        
                         
Total
    10,670,702     $ 81.64       7,717,449  
                         
 
 
(1) As of December 31, 2006, a total of 185,603 shares of M&T common stock were issuable upon exercise of outstanding options or rights assumed by M&T Bank Corporation in connection with merger and acquisition transactions. The weighted-average exercise price of those outstanding options or rights is $65.42 per share.
 
Equity compensation plans adopted without the approval of stockholders are described below:
 
Directors’ Stock Plan.  M&T Bank Corporation maintains a plan for non-employee members of the Board of Directors of M&T Bank Corporation and the members of its Directors Advisory Council, and the non-employee members of the Board of Directors of M&T Bank and the members of its regional Directors Advisory Councils, which allows such directors, advisory directors and members of regional Directors Advisory Councils to receive all or a portion of their directorial compensation in shares of M&T common stock.
Deferred Bonus Plan.  M&T Bank Corporation maintains a deferred bonus plan pursuant to which its eligible officers and those of its subsidiaries may elect to defer all or a portion of their current annual incentive compensation awards and allocate such awards to several investment options, including
 
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M&T common stock. Participants may elect the timing of distributions from the plan. Such distributions are payable in cash, with the exception of balances allocated to M&T common stock, which are distributable in the form of shares of common stock.
 
Performance Graph
The following graph contains a comparison of the cumulative stockholder return on M&T common stock against the cumulative total returns of the KBW 50 Index, compiled by Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Inc. and the S&P 500 Index, compiled by Standard & Poor’s Corporation, for the five-year period beginning on December 31, 2001 and ending on December 31, 2006. The KBW 50 Index is comprised of the top fifty American banking companies, including all money-center and most major regional banks.
 
Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Return*
 
 
Stockholder Value at Year End*
 
                                                             
      2001     2002     2003     2004     2005     2006
M&T Bank Corporation
    $ 100         110         139         155         159         181  
KBW 50 Index
    $ 100         93         125         137         139         166  
S&P 500 Index
    $ 100         78         100         111         117         135  
                                                             
 
 
* Assumes a $100 investment on December 31, 2001 and reinvestment of all dividends.
 
In accordance with and to the extent permitted by applicable law or regulation, the information set forth above under the heading “Performance Graph” shall not be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In November 2005, M&T announced that it had been authorized by its Board of Directors to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its common stock. Pursuant to such plan, M&T repurchased 3,259,000 shares during 2006 at an average per share cost of $114.72. Through December 31, 2006, M&T had repurchased 3,303,700 shares of common stock pursuant to the repurchase plan at an average cost of $114.66 per share.
 
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During the fourth quarter of 2006, M&T purchased shares of its common stock as follows:
 
                                 
                      (d)Maximum
 
                (c)Total
    Number (or
 
                Number
    Approximate
 
                of Shares
    Dollar Value)
 
                (or Units)
    of Shares
 
                Purchased
    (or Units)
 
    (a)Total
          as Part of
    that may yet
 
    Number
    (b)Average
    Publicly
    be Purchased
 
    of Shares
    Price Paid
    Announced
    Under the
 
    (or Units)
    per Share
    Plans or
    Plans or
 
Period
  Purchased(1)     (or Unit)     Programs     Programs(2)  
 
October 1 - October 31, 2006
    3,660     $ 121.46             2,318,600  
November 1 - November 30, 2006
    51,445       117.90             2,318,600  
December 1 - December 31, 2006
    623,038       120.46       622,300       1,696,300  
                                 
Total
    678,143     $ 120.27       622,300          
                                 
 
 
(1) The total number of shares purchased during the periods indicated includes shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs and shares deemed to have been received from employees who exercised stock options by attesting to previously acquired common shares in satisfaction of the exercise price, as is permitted under M&T’s stock option plans.
(2) On November 21, 2005, M&T announced a program to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its common stock.
 
Item 6.   Selected Financial Data.
 
See cross-reference sheet for disclosures incorporated elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
Corporate Profile and Significant Developments
M&T Bank Corporation (“M&T”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Buffalo, New York with consolidated assets of $57.1 billion at December 31, 2006. The consolidated financial information presented herein reflects M&T and all of its subsidiaries, which are referred to collectively as “the Company.” M&T’s wholly owned bank subsidiaries are M&T Bank and M&T Bank, National Association (“M&T Bank, N.A.”).
M&T Bank, with total assets of $56.4 billion at December 31, 2006, is a New York-chartered commercial bank with 671 banking offices in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia, and an office in the Cayman Islands. On January 2, 2007, M&T Bank opened its first banking office in New Jersey. M&T Bank and its subsidiaries offer a broad range of financial services to a diverse base of consumers, businesses, professional clients, governmental entities and financial institutions located in its markets. Lending is largely focused on consumers residing in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland, northern Virginia and Washington, D.C., and on small and medium size businesses based in those areas, although residential real estate loans are originated through lending offices in 22 states. Certain lending activities are also conducted in other states through various subsidiaries. M&T Bank’s subsidiaries include: M&T Credit Services, LLC, a consumer lending and commercial leasing and lending company; M&T Real Estate Trust, a commercial mortgage lender; M&T Realty Capital Corporation, a multi-family commercial mortgage lender; M&T Securities, Inc., which provides brokerage, investment advisory and insurance services; MTB Investment Advisors, Inc., which serves as investment advisor to the MTB Group of Funds, a family of proprietary mutual funds, and other funds and institutional clients; and M&T Insurance Agency, Inc., an insurance agency. Effective January 1, 2007, M&T Mortgage Corporation, a residential mortgage banking company wholly owned by M&T Bank, was merged into M&T Bank.
M&T Bank, N.A., with total assets of $511 million at December 31, 2006, is a national bank with an office in Oakfield, New York. M&T Bank, N.A. offers selected deposit and loan products on a nationwide basis, largely through telephone and direct mail marketing techniques.
 
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On June 30, 2006, M&T Bank completed the acquisition of 21 branch offices in Buffalo and Rochester, New York from Citibank, N.A., including approximately $269 million in loans, mostly to consumers, small businesses and middle market customers, and approximately $1.0 billion of deposits. M&T’s financial results for 2006 reflect the impact of that transaction from the acquisition date through December 31, 2006. Expenses associated with integrating the acquired branches into M&T Bank and introducing the customers associated with those branches to M&T Bank’s products and services aggregated $3 million, after applicable tax effect, or $.03 of diluted earnings per share during the year ended December 31, 2006. The Company does not expect that any significant additional acquisition and integration-related expenses will be incurred. Including the impact of acquisition-related expenses and the amortization of core deposit intangible resulting from the transaction, net income and diluted earnings per share of the Company in 2006 were reduced by approximately $10 million and $.09, respectively, as a result of the transaction. As of December 31, 2006, there were no significant amounts of unpaid acquisition-related expenses.
 
Critical Accounting Estimates
The Company’s significant accounting policies conform with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and are described in note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements. In applying those accounting policies, management of the Company is required to exercise judgment in determining many of the methodologies, assumptions and estimates to be utilized. Certain of the critical accounting estimates are more dependent on such judgment and in some cases may contribute to volatility in the Company’s reported financial performance should the assumptions and estimates used change over time due to changes in circumstances. Some of the more significant areas in which management of the Company applies critical assumptions and estimates include the following:
    Allowance for credit losses — The allowance for credit losses represents the amount which, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. A provision for credit losses is recorded to adjust the level of the allowance as deemed necessary by management. In estimating losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio, assumptions and judgment are applied to measure amounts and timing of expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors used to determine the borrowers’ abilities to repay obligations. Historical loss trends are also considered, as are economic conditions, industry trends, portfolio trends and borrower-specific financial data. Changes in the circumstances considered when determining management’s estimates and assumptions could result in changes in those estimates and assumptions, which may result in adjustment of the allowance. A detailed discussion of facts and circumstances considered by management in assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is included herein under the heading “Provision for Credit Losses.”
    Valuation methodologies — Management of the Company applies various valuation methodologies to assets and liabilities which often involve a significant degree of judgment, particularly when liquid markets do not exist for the particular items being valued. Quoted market prices are referred to when estimating fair values for certain assets, such as trading assets, most investment securities, and residential real estate loans held for sale and related commitments. However, for those items for which an observable liquid market does not exist, management utilizes significant estimates and assumptions to value such items. Examples of these items include capitalized servicing assets, goodwill, core deposit and other intangible assets, pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, value ascribed to stock-based compensation, estimated residual values of property associated with commercial and consumer leases, and certain derivative and other financial instruments. These valuations require the use of various assumptions, including, among others, discount rates, rates of return on assets, repayment rates, cash flows, default rates, costs of servicing and liquidation values. The use of different assumptions could produce significantly different results, which could have material positive or negative effects on the Company’s results of operations. Specific assumptions and estimates utilized by management are discussed in detail herein in management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and in notes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18 and 19 of Notes to Financial Statements.
 
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    Commitments, contingencies and off-balance sheet arrangements — Information regarding the Company’s commitments and contingencies, including guarantees and contingent liabilities arising from litigation, and their potential effects on the Company’s results of operations is included in note 20 of Notes to Financial Statements. In addition, the Company is routinely subject to examinations from various governmental taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in challenges to the tax return treatment applied by the Company to specific transactions. Management believes that the assumptions and judgment used to record tax-related assets or liabilities have been appropriate. Should tax laws change or the tax authorities determine that management’s assumptions were inappropriate, the result and adjustments required could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations. Information regarding permanent and temporary income tax differences is presented in note 12 of Notes to Financial Statements. The recognition or de-recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements of assets and liabilities held by so-called variable interest entities is subject to the interpretation and application of complex accounting pronouncements or interpretations that require management to estimate and assess the probability of financial outcomes in future periods. Information relating to the Company’s involvement in such entities and the accounting treatment afforded each such involvement is included in note 18 of Notes to Financial Statements.
 
Overview
Net income for the Company in 2006 was $839 million or $7.37 of diluted earnings per common share, up 7% and 10%, respectively, from $782 million or $6.73 of diluted earnings per share in 2005. Basic earnings per common share rose 10% to $7.55 in 2006 from $6.88 in 2005. Net income in 2004 totaled $723 million, while diluted and basic earnings per share were $6.00 and $6.14, respectively. The after-tax impact of acquisition and integration-related expenses (included herein as merger-related expenses) associated with the June 30 branch acquisition already discussed was $3 million ($5 million pre-tax) or $.03 of basic and diluted earnings per share in 2006. There were no similar expenses in either 2005 or 2004. Net income expressed as a rate of return on average assets in 2006 was 1.50%, compared with 1.44% in 2005 and 1.40% in 2004. The return on average common stockholders’ equity was 13.89% in 2006, 13.49% in 2005 and 12.67% in 2004.
Net interest income recorded on a taxable-equivalent basis increased 1% to $1.84 billion in 2006 from $1.81 billion in 2005. The impact of a higher level of average earning assets was largely offset by a decline in the Company’s net interest margin, or taxable-equivalent net interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets. Average earning assets rose 3% to $49.7 billion in 2006 from $48.1 billion in 2005, the result of increased balances of loans and leases, offset, in part, by a decline in average outstanding balances of investment securities. Average loans and leases of $41.4 billion in 2006 were $1.9 billion or 5% higher than $39.5 billion in 2005, due to growth in commercial loans and leases of $863 million, or 8%, commercial real estate loans of $755 million, or 5%, and consumer real estate loans of $1.1 billion, or 28%, partially offset by an $804 million, or 7% decline in consumer loans and leases. Average balances of investment securities decreased 5% to $8.0 billion in 2006 from $8.5 billion in 2005. The net interest margin declined 7 basis points (hundredths of one percent) to 3.70% in 2006 from 3.77% in 2005, largely due to higher short-term interest rates resulting from the Federal Reserve raising its benchmark overnight federal funds target rate 100 basis points during the first six months of 2006, continuing a trend of rate increases that began in June 2004. Such interest rate increases had the effect of increasing rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities more rapidly than yields on earning assets during 2005 and the first half of 2006. During the last six months of 2006, the Company’s net interest margin stabilized as compared to the first half of the year. As a result of higher average earning assets, taxable-equivalent net interest income in 2005 was 3% higher than $1.75 billion in 2004. Average earning assets in 2005 rose 6% from $45.2 billion in 2004. Average loans and leases outstanding in 2005 were up $2.4 billion, or 6%, from $37.1 billion in 2004, largely due to growth in commercial loans and leases, commercial real estate loans and consumer real estate loans, partially offset by a decline in consumer loans and leases. Net interest margin in 2005 declined 11 basis points from 3.88% in 2004, largely due to the rising interest rate environment which resulted in the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities rising more rapidly than yields on earning assets.
 
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The provision for credit losses declined to $80 million in 2006 from $88 million in 2005 and $95 million in 2004. The reduced levels of the provision during the past two years as compared with 2004 were reflective of generally favorable credit quality. Net charge-offs were $68 million in 2006, down from $77 million in 2005 and $82 million in 2004. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding decreased to .16% in 2006 from .19% in 2005 and .22% in 2004. The provision in each year represents the result of management’s analysis of the composition of the loan and lease portfolio and other factors, including concern regarding uncertainty about economic conditions, both nationally and in many of the markets served by the Company, and the impact of such conditions and prospects on the abilities of borrowers to repay loans. While most credit quality measures improved from 2004 to 2005, the Company did experience an increase in nonperforming loans during the second half of 2006, due largely to the addition of four relationships with automobile dealers.
Noninterest income rose 10% to $1.05 billion in 2006 from $950 million in 2005. Higher mortgage banking revenues, service charges on deposit accounts, trust income, brokerage services income, and other revenues contributed to that improvement. Included in noninterest income in 2006 was a $13 million gain resulting from the accelerated recognition of a purchase accounting premium related to the call of a $200 million Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Atlanta borrowing assumed in a previous acquisition. Losses from bank investment securities in 2005 included a $29 million non-cash, other-than-temporary impairment charge in the third quarter related to preferred stock issuances of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). Excluding the impact of securities gains and losses in both years and the $13 million gain on the called borrowing in 2006, noninterest income rose 5% from 2005 to 2006. Noninterest income totaled $943 million in 2004. Comparing 2005 with 2004, higher mortgage banking revenues, corporate financing advisory fees, gains on sales of commercial lease equipment and other property, and other revenues were largely offset by the $29 million impairment charge in 2005. Excluding gains and losses from investment securities, noninterest income in 2005 rose $38 million or 4% from 2004.
Noninterest expense in 2006 aggregated $1.55 billion, up 4% from $1.49 billion in 2005. Noninterest expense in 2004 was $1.52 billion. Included in such amounts are expenses considered by M&T to be “nonoperating” in nature, consisting of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets of $63 million, $57 million and $75 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and merger-related expenses of $5 million in 2006. As already noted, there were no merger-related expenses in 2005 or 2004. Exclusive of these nonoperating expenses, noninterest operating expenses aggregated $1.48 billion in 2006, $1.43 billion in 2005 and $1.44 billion in 2004. Included in operating expenses in 2006 and 2004 were tax-deductible contributions made to The M&T Charitable Foundation, a tax-exempt private charitable foundation, of $18 million and $25 million, respectively. There was no similar contribution made in 2005. Excluding the impact of the charitable contribution, operating expenses in 2006 increased $37 million, or 3%, from 2005. The most significant contributor to that increase was a higher level of salaries expense, reflecting the impact of merit pay increases and higher stock-based compensation costs and other incentive pay. Excluding the impact of the $25 million charitable contribution in 2004, noninterest operating expenses in 2005 increased $13 million, or less than 1%, from 2004. That slight increase reflects higher costs of providing health care and retirement benefits to employees and higher professional services expenses offset, in part, by a reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance for the impairment of capitalized residential mortgage servicing rights, due to higher residential mortgage loan interest rates.
The efficiency ratio expresses the relationship of operating expenses to revenues. The Company’s efficiency ratio, or noninterest operating expenses divided by the sum of taxable-equivalent net interest income and noninterest income (exclusive of gains and losses from bank investment securities), was 51.5% in 2006, compared with 51.2% in 2005 and 53.5% in 2004.
 
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Table 1
 
EARNINGS SUMMARY
Dollars in millions
 
                                                                                 
                                                          Compound
Increase (Decrease)(a)                                       Growth Rate
2005 to 2006     2004 to 2005                                       5 Years
Amount
    %     Amount     %         2006     2005     2004     2003     2002     2001 to 2006
 
                                                                                 
$ 527.8       19     $ 489.9       21    
Interest income(b)
  $ 3,333.8       2,806.0       2,316.1       2,142.9       1,856.1       9 %
  502.2       51       430.2       76    
Interest expense
    1,496.6       994.4       564.2       527.8       594.5       10  
                                                                                 
  25.6       1       59.7       3    
Net interest income(b)
    1,837.2       1,811.6       1,751.9       1,615.1       1,261.6       9  
  (8.0 )     (9 )     (7.0 )     (7 )  
Less: provision for credit losses
    80.0       88.0       95.0       131.0       122.0       (5 )
  30.7             (31.0 )        
Gain (loss) on bank investment securities
    2.6       (28.1 )     2.9       2.5       (.6 )      
  65.4       7       37.7       4    
Other income
    1,043.2       977.8       940.1       828.6       512.5       17  
                               
Less:
                                               
  51.1       6       15.6       2    
  Salaries and employee benefits
    873.3       822.2       806.6       740.3       497.0       13  
  15.5       2       (46.6 )     (7 )  
  Other expense
    678.4       662.9       709.5       708.0       464.6       6  
                                                                                 
  63.1       5       104.4       10    
Income before income taxes
    1,251.3       1,188.2       1,083.8       866.9       689.9       17  
                               
Less:
                                               
  2.4       14                
  Taxable-equivalent adjustment(b)
    19.7       17.3       17.3       16.3       14.0       2  
  3.7       1       44.7       13    
  Income taxes
    392.4       388.7       344.0       276.7       219.1       15  
                                                                                 
$ 57.0       7     $ 59.7       8    
Net income
  $ 839.2       782.2       722.5       573.9       456.8       19 %
                                                                                 
 
 
(a) Changes were calculated from unrounded amounts.
(b) Interest income data are on a taxable-equivalent basis. The taxable-equivalent adjustment represents additional income taxes that would be due if all interest income were subject to income taxes. This adjustment, which is related to interest received on qualified municipal securities, industrial revenue financings and preferred equity securities, is based on a composite income tax rate of approximately 39% for 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2002, and 36% for 2003.
 
Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Results of Operations
As a result of business combinations and other acquisitions, the Company had intangible assets consisting of goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets totaling $3.2 billion at December 31, 2006, $3.0 billion at December 31, 2005 and $3.1 billion at December 31, 2004. Included in such intangible assets was goodwill of $2.9 billion at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets, after tax effect, totaled $38 million, $35 million and $46 million during 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Since 1998, M&T has consistently provided supplemental reporting of its results on a “net operating” or “tangible” basis, in which M&T excludes the after-tax effect of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets (and the related goodwill, core deposit intangible and other intangible asset balances, net of applicable deferred tax amounts, when calculating certain performance ratios) and expenses associated with integrating acquired operations into the Company, since such expenses are considered by management to be “nonoperating” in nature. Although “net operating income” as defined by M&T is not a GAAP measure, M&T’s management believes that this information helps investors understand the effect of acquisition activity in reported results.
Net operating income increased 8% to $881 million in 2006 from $817 million in 2005. Diluted net operating earnings per share in 2006 rose 10% to $7.73 from $7.03 in 2005. Net operating income and diluted net operating earnings per share were $769 million and $6.38, respectively, during 2004.
Reconciliations of net income and diluted earnings per share with net operating income and diluted net operating earnings per share are presented in table 2.
Net operating income expressed as a rate of return on average tangible assets was 1.67% in 2006, compared with 1.60% in 2005 and 1.59% in 2004. Net operating return on average tangible common equity was 29.55% in 2006, improved from 29.06% and 28.76% in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
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Reconciliations of average assets and equity with average tangible assets and average tangible equity are also presented in table 2.
 
Table 2
 
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP MEASURES
 
                         
    2006     2005     2004  
 
Income statement data
                       
In thousands, except per share
                       
Net income
                       
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets(a)
    38,418       34,682       46,097  
Merger-related expenses(a)
    3,048              
                         
Net operating income
  $ 880,655     $ 816,865     $ 768,618  
                         
Earnings per share
                       
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 7.37     $ 6.73     $ 6.00  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets(a)
    .33       .30       .38  
Merger-related expenses(a)
    .03              
                         
Diluted net operating earnings per share
  $ 7.73     $ 7.03     $ 6.38  
                         
Other expense
                       
Other expense
  $ 1,551,751     $ 1,485,142     $ 1,516,018  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
    (63,008 )     (56,805 )     (75,410 )
Merger-related expenses
    (4,997 )            
                         
Noninterest operating expense
  $ 1,483,746     $ 1,428,337     $ 1,440,608  
                         
Merger-related expenses
                       
Salaries and employee benefits
  $ 815     $     $  
Equipment and net occupancy
    224              
Printing, postage and supplies
    155              
Other costs of operations
    3,803              
                         
Total
  $ 4,997     $     $  
                         
Balance sheet data
                       
In millions
                       
Average assets
                       
Average assets
  $ 55,839     $ 54,135     $ 51,517  
Goodwill
    (2,908 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (191 )     (135 )     (201 )
Deferred taxes
    38       52        
                         
Average tangible assets
  $ 52,778     $ 51,148     $ 48,412  
                         
Average equity
                       
Average equity
  $ 6,041     $ 5,798     $ 5,701  
Goodwill
    (2,908 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (191 )     (135 )     (201 )
Deferred taxes
    38       52       76  
                         
Average tangible equity
  $ 2,980     $ 2,811     $ 2,672  
                         
At end of year
                       
Total assets
                       
Total assets
  $ 57,065     $ 55,146     $ 52,939  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (250 )     (108 )     (166 )
Deferred taxes
    30       42        
                         
Total tangible assets
  $ 53,936     $ 52,176     $ 49,869  
                         
Total equity
                       
Total equity
  $ 6,281     $ 5,876     $ 5,730  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (250 )     (108 )     (166 )
Deferred taxes
    30       42       64  
                         
Total tangible equity
  $ 3,152     $ 2,906     $ 2,724  
                         
 
 
(a) After any related tax effect.
 
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Net Interest Income/Lending and Funding Activities
Reflecting growth in average earning assets that was largely offset by a narrowing of the net interest margin, taxable-equivalent net interest income increased 1% to $1.84 billion in 2006 from $1.81 billion in 2005. Average earning assets increased 3% to $49.7 billion in 2006 from $48.1 billion in 2005. That growth resulted from a 5% increase in average outstanding balances of loans and leases of $1.9 billion, offset in part by a 5% decline in average outstanding balances of investment securities of $441 million. The positive impact of higher average earning assets on taxable-equivalent net interest income was largely offset by a narrowing of the Company’s net interest margin, which declined to 3.70% in 2006 from 3.77% in 2005.
Average loans and leases outstanding aggregated $41.4 billion in 2006, up 5% from $39.5 billion in 2005. The higher average outstanding loan balances were the result of growth in commercial loans and leases, commercial real estate loans and residential real estate loans. Average commercial loans and leases rose 8% to $11.3 billion in 2006 from $10.5 billion in 2005. Commercial real estate loans averaged $15.1 billion during 2006, 5% higher than $14.3 billion in 2005, reflecting a $336 million rise in construction loans to developers of residential real estate properties. The Company’s residential real estate loan portfolio averaged $5.0 billion in 2006, up 28% from $3.9 billion in 2005. Included in that portfolio were loans held for sale, which averaged $1.5 billion in 2006, 19% above the $1.2 billion averaged in 2005. Excluding such loans, average residential real estate loans increased $861 million from 2005 to 2006. That increase was largely the result of the Company’s decision to retain higher levels of residential real estate loans having certain characteristics, due to narrowing margins available in the marketplace when selling such loans and the lack of availability of investment securities to acquire that met the Company’s desired characteristics and provided suitable returns. Consumer loans and leases averaged $10.0 billion in 2006, down 7% from $10.8 billion in 2005. That decline was the result of lower average balances of automobile loans and leases, which decreased 22% to $2.9 billion in 2006 from $3.7 billion in 2005, reflecting the Company’s decision to allow such balances to decline rather than matching interest rates offered by competitors. During late 2006, the interest rate environment relating to the Company’s automobile lending business improved and from September 30 to December 31, outstanding balances of such loans increased slightly.
 
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Table 3
 
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT RATES
 
                                                                                                                         
    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    Average
          Average
    Average
          Average
    Average
          Average
    Average
          Average
    Average
          Average
 
    Balance     Interest     Rate     Balance     Interest     Rate     Balance     Interest     Rate     Balance     Interest     Rate     Balance     Interest     Rate  
    (Average balance in millions; interest in thousands)  
 
Assets
                                                                                                                       
Earning assets
                                                                                                                       
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount(a)
                                                                                                                       
Commercial, financial, etc. 
  $ 11,319     $ 802,451       7.09 %     10,455       589,644       5.64 %     9,534       410,258       4.30 %     8,523       358,629       4.21 %     5,146       261,867       5.09 %
Real estate — commercial
    15,096       1,104,518       7.32       14,341       941,017       6.56       13,264       763,134       5.75       11,573       706,022       6.10       9,498       661,382       6.96  
Real estate — consumer
    5,015       319,858       6.38       3,925       235,364       6.00       3,111       184,125       5.92       3,777       232,454       6.15       4,087       285,055       6.98  
Consumer
    10,003       712,484       7.12       10,808       664,509       6.15       11,220       626,255       5.58       10,098       607,909       6.02       6,776       467,167       6.89  
                                                                                                                         
Total loans and leases, net
    41,433       2,939,311       7.09       39,529       2,430,534       6.15       37,129       1,983,772       5.34       33,971       1,905,014       5.61       25,507       1,675,471       6.57  
                                                                                                                         
Interest-bearing deposits at banks
    12       372       3.01       10       169       1.64       13       65       .51       14       147       1.03       6       76       1.32  
Federal funds sold and agreements to resell securities
    81       5,597       6.91       23       808       3.55       8       134       1.60       147       1,875       1.28       272       4,455       1.63  
Trading account
    90       2,446       2.71       80       1,544       1.92       53       418       .79       55       647       1.18       13       247       1.86  
Investment securities(b)
                                                                                                                       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
    2,884       121,669       4.22       3,479       134,528       3.87       4,169       158,953       3.81       2,599       106,209       4.09       1,292       81,412       6.30  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    157       10,223       6.53       180       10,860       6.04       218       15,017       6.90       251       15,827       6.30       279       17,828       6.40  
Other
    4,995       254,142       5.09       4,817       227,562       4.72       3,610       157,703       4.37       2,494       113,159       4.54       1,552       76,659       4.94  
                                                                                                                         
Total investment securities
    8,036       386,034       4.80       8,476       372,950       4.40       7,997       331,673       4.15       5,344       235,195       4.40       3,123       175,899       5.63  
                                                                                                                         
Total earning assets
    49,652       3,333,760       6.71       48,118       2,806,005       5.83       45,200       2,316,062       5.13       39,531       2,142,878       5.42       28,921       1,856,148       6.42  
                                                                                                                         
Allowance for credit losses
    (646 )                     (638 )                     (626 )                     (574 )                     (438 )                
Cash and due from banks
    1,346                       1,400                       1,599                       1,542                       732                  
Other assets
    5,487                       5,255                       5,344                       4,850                       2,720                  
                                                                                                                         
Total assets
  $ 55,839                       54,135                       51,517                       45,349                       31,935                  
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
                                                                                                                       
Interest-bearing liabilities
                                                                                                                       
Interest-bearing deposits
                                                                                                                       
NOW accounts
  $ 435       3,461       .79       400       2,182       .55       550       1,802       .33       1,021       3,613       .35       761       3,900       .51  
Savings deposits
    14,401       201,543       1.40       14,889       139,445       .94       15,305       92,064       .60       13,278       102,190       .77       8,899       107,281       1.21  
Time deposits
    12,420       551,514       4.44       9,158       294,782       3.22       6,948       154,722       2.23       6,638       159,700       2.41       7,398       237,001       3.20  
Deposits at foreign office
    3,610       178,348       4.94       3,819       120,122       3.15       3,136       43,034       1.37       1,445       14,991       1.04       569       8,460       1.49  
                                                                                                                         
Total interest-bearing deposits
    30,866       934,866       3.03       28,266       556,531       1.97       25,939       291,622       1.12       22,382       280,494       1.25       17,627       356,642       2.02  
                                                                                                                         
Short-term borrowings
    4,530       227,850       5.03       4,890       157,853       3.23       5,142       71,172       1.38       4,331       49,064       1.13       3,125       52,723       1.69  
Long-term borrowings
    6,013       333,836       5.55       6,411       279,967       4.37       5,832       201,366       3.45       6,018       198,252       3.29       4,162       185,149       4.45  
                                                                                                                         
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    41,409       1,496,552       3.61       39,567       994,351       2.51       36,913       564,160       1.53       32,731       527,810       1.61       24,914       594,514       2.39  
                                                                                                                         
Noninterest-bearing deposits
    7,555                       8,050                       8,039                       6,801                       3,618                  
Other liabilities
    834                       720                       864                       876                       377                  
                                                                                                                         
Total liabilities
    49,798                       48,337                       45,816                       40,408                       28,909                  
                                                                                                                         
Stockholders’ equity
    6,041                       5,798                       5,701                       4,941                       3,026                  
                                                                                                                         
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 55,839                       54,135                       51,517                       45,349                       31,935                  
                                                                                                                         
Net interest spread
                    3.10                       3.32                       3.60                       3.81                       4.03  
Contribution of interest-free funds
                    .60                       .45                       .28                       .28                       .33  
                                                                                                                         
Net interest income/margin on earning assets
          $ 1,837,208       3.70 %             1,811,654       3.77 %             1,751,902       3.88 %             1,615,068       4.09 %             1,261,634       4.36 %
                                                                                                                         
 
 
(a) Includes nonaccrual loans.
(b) Includes available for sale securities at amortized cost.

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Taxable-equivalent net interest income rose 3% to $1.81 billion in 2005 from $1.75 billion in 2004. That improvement reflected a 6% increase in average earning assets to $48.1 billion in 2005 from $45.2 billion in 2004, partially offset by a narrowing of the Company’s net interest margin, which declined to 3.77% in 2005 from 3.88% in 2004. The growth in average earning assets reflects higher average loans and leases outstanding, which rose 6% to $39.5 billion in 2005 from 2004’s average of $37.1 billion, and higher average investment securities balances, which also increased 6% to $8.5 billion in 2005 from $8.0 billion in 2004. The Company experienced growth in most major loan categories during 2005 as compared with 2004. Average commercial loans and leases rose 10% to $10.5 billion in 2005 from $9.5 billion in 2004, reflecting, in part, a $212 million rise in average automobile floor plan loans outstanding. Commercial real estate loans averaged $14.3 billion during 2005, 8% higher than $13.3 billion in 2004. Contributing to that increase were $467 million of higher average balances of construction loans to developers of residential real estate properties. Average residential real estate loan balances rose 26% to $3.9 billion in 2005 from $3.1 billion in 2004. A higher level of loans held for sale was the most significant contributor to that increase. Consumer loans and leases averaged $10.8 billion during 2005, down 4% from $11.2 billion in 2004. Average balances of automobile loans and leases decreased 16% to $3.7 billion in 2005 from $4.4 billion in 2004, largely due to unfavorable rates being offered by competitors. Partially offsetting the drop in automobile loan and lease balances was a 13% rise in average outstanding balances of home equity lines of credit to $4.0 billion in 2005 from $3.5 billion in 2004.
Table 4 summarizes average loans and leases outstanding in 2006 and percentage changes in the major components of the portfolio over the past two years.
 
Table 4
 
AVERAGE LOANS AND LEASES
(Net of unearned discount)
 
                         
          Percent Increase
 
          (Decrease) from  
    2006     2005 to 2006     2004 to 2005  
    (Dollars in millions)              
 
Commercial, financial, etc
  $ 11,319       8 %     10 %
Real estate — commercial
    15,096       5       8  
Real estate — consumer
    5,015       28       26  
Consumer
                       
Automobile
    2,885       (22 )     (16 )
Home equity lines
    4,202       5       13  
Home equity loans
    1,208       (5 )     (17 )
Other
    1,708       (6 )     6  
                         
Total consumer
    10,003       (7 )     (4 )
                         
Total
  $ 41,433       5 %     6 %
                         
 
Commercial loans and leases, excluding loans secured by real estate, were $11.7 billion at December 31, 2006, representing 27% of total loans and leases. Table 5 presents information on such commercial loans and leases as of December 31, 2006 relating to geographic area, size, and whether the loans are secured by collateral or unsecured. Of the $11.7 billion of commercial loans and leases outstanding at the end of 2006, approximately $9.7 billion, or 83%, were secured, while 49%, 26% and 13% were granted to businesses in New York State, Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively. The Company provides financing for leases to commercial customers, primarily for equipment. Commercial leases included in total commercial loans and leases at December 31, 2006 aggregated $1.2 billion, of which 41% were secured by collateral located in New York State, 13% were secured by collateral in Maryland and another 13% were secured by collateral in Pennsylvania.

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International loans included in commercial loans and leases totaled $176 million and $217 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company participates in the insurance and guarantee programs of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. These programs provide U.S. government repayment coverage of 90% to 100% on loans supporting foreign borrowers’ purchases of U.S. goods and services. The loans generally range from $500 thousand to $10 million. The outstanding balances of loans under these programs at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were $143 million and $200 million, respectively.
 
Table 5
 
COMMERCIAL LOANS AND LEASES, NET OF UNEARNED DISCOUNT
(Excluding Loans Secured by Real Estate)
 
December 31, 2006
 
                                                 
          Percent of Dollars Outstanding by Loan Size  
    Outstandings     $0-1     $1-5     $5-10     $10-15     $15+  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
New York State
                                               
Secured
  $ 4,250       23 %     25 %     12 %     6 %     8 %
Unsecured
    956       5       6       3       1       2  
Leases
    494       4       3       1       1        
                                                 
Total New York State
    5,700       32 %     34 %     16 %     8 %     10 %
                                                 
Pennsylvania
                                               
Secured
    2,443       25 %     26 %     15 %     5 %     8 %
Unsecured
    486       5       6       2       1       2  
Leases
    161       3       1                   1  
                                                 
Total Pennsylvania
    3,090       33 %     33 %     17 %     6 %     11 %
                                                 
Maryland
                                               
Secured
    999       30 %     21 %     7 %     3 %     7 %
Unsecured
    325       4       5       3             10  
Leases
    153       5       3       1             1  
                                                 
Total Maryland
    1,477       39 %     29 %     11 %     3 %     18 %
                                                 
Other
                                               
Secured
    839       12 %     19 %     16 %     3 %     10 %
Unsecured
    167       5       3       2       2        
Leases
    393       6       9       7       4       2  
                                                 
Total other
    1,399       23 %     31 %     25 %     9 %     12 %
                                                 
Total commercial loans and leases
  $ 11,666       32 %     33 %     17 %     7 %     11 %
                                                 
 
Loans secured by real estate, including outstanding balances of home equity loans and lines of credit which the Company classifies as consumer loans, represented approximately 62% of the loan and lease portfolio during 2006, compared with 60% in 2005 and 58% in 2004. At December 31, 2006, the Company held approximately $15.4 billion of commercial real estate loans, $6.0 billion of consumer real estate loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties (including $1.9 billion of loans held for sale) and $5.4 billion of outstanding balances of home equity loans and lines of credit, compared with $14.5 billion, $4.4 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2005.
A significant portion of commercial real estate loans originated by the Company are secured by properties in the New York City metropolitan area, including areas in neighboring states generally
 
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considered to be within commuting distance of New York City, and other areas of New York State where the Company operates. Commercial real estate loans are also originated through the Company’s offices in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Oregon and West Virginia. Commercial real estate loans originated by the Company include fixed-rate instruments with monthly payments and a balloon payment of the remaining unpaid principal at maturity, in many cases five years after origination. For borrowers in good standing, the terms of such loans may be extended by the customer for an additional five years at the then current market rate of interest. The Company also originates fixed-rate commercial real estate loans with maturities of greater than five years, generally having original maturity terms of approximately ten years, and adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans. Excluding construction loans, adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans represented approximately 41% of the commercial real estate loan portfolio as of December 31, 2006. Table 6 presents commercial real estate loans by geographic area, type of collateral and size of the loans outstanding at December 31, 2006. Of the $5.1 billion of commercial real estate loans in the New York City metropolitan area, approximately 31% were secured by multifamily residential properties, 40% by retail space and 8% by office space. The Company’s experience has been that office space and retail properties tend to demonstrate more volatile fluctuations in value through economic cycles and changing economic conditions than do multifamily residential properties. Approximately 45% of the aggregate dollar amount of New York City-area loans were for loans with outstanding balances of $5 million or less, while loans of more than $15 million made up approximately 24% of the total.
 
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Table 6
 
COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS
(Net of unearned discount)
 
December 31, 2006
 
                                                 
            Percent of Dollars Outstanding by Loan Size  
    Outstandings     $0-1     $1-5     $5-10     $10-15     $15+  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Metropolitan New York City
                                               
Apartments/Multifamily
  $ 1,602       3 %     14 %     6 %     3 %     5 %
Office
    402       1       2       2       1       2  
Retail/Services
    2,020       3       14       8       4       11  
Construction
    315             2       1       1       2  
Industrial
    213       1       1       1             1  
Other
    561       1       3       3       1       3  
                                                 
Total Metropolitan New York City
    5,113       9 %     36 %     21 %     10 %     24 %
                                                 
Other New York State
                                               
Apartments/Multifamily
    281       2 %     3 %     1 %     1 %     %
Office
    893       7       9       4       1       3  
Retail/Services
    935       9       10       4       1       1  
Construction
    614       2       5       3       1       5  
Industrial
    408       5       5       1              
Other
    651       6       6       2       2       1  
                                                 
Total other New York State
    3,782       31 %     38 %     15 %     6 %     10 %
                                                 
Pennsylvania
                                               
Apartments/Multifamily
    265       3 %     3 %     1 %     2 %     1 %
Office
    397       6       5       2       2        
Retail/Services
    547       7       9       2       2       1  
Construction
    286       1       5       3       1       1  
Industrial
    366       4       6       2             2  
Other
    746       16       11       2              
                                                 
Total Pennsylvania
    2,607       37 %     39 %     12 %     7 %     5 %
                                                 
Maryland
                                               
Apartments/Multifamily
    31       1 %     1 %     %     %     %
Office
    390       8       7       4             3  
Retail/Services
    219       4       3       3       1       1  
Construction
    585       1       8       10       3       10  
Industrial
    190       3       5       1       1        
Other
    401       9       7       2       1       3  
                                                 
Total Maryland
    1,816       26 %     31 %     20 %     6 %     17 %
                                                 
Other
                                               
Apartments/Multifamily
    141       1 %     3 %     2 %     1 %     %
Office
    122       1       1       2       1       1  
Retail/Services
    503       2       6       7       4       5  
Construction
    956       10       11       8       4       12  
Industrial
    149       1       3       1       2        
Other
    228       2       4       4       1        
                                                 
Total other
    2,099       17 %     28 %     24 %     13 %     18 %
                                                 
Total commercial real estate loans
  $ 15,417       22 %     35 %     18 %     9 %     16 %
                                                 
 
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Commercial real estate loans secured by properties located in other parts of New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland and other areas tend to have a greater diversity of collateral types and include a significant amount of lending to customers who use the mortgaged property in their trade or business. Approximately 69% of the aggregate dollar amount of commercial real estate loans in New York State secured by properties located outside of the metropolitan New York City area were for loans with outstanding balances of $5 million or less. Of the outstanding balances of commercial real estate loans in Pennsylvania and Maryland, approximately 76% and 57%, respectively, were for loans with outstanding balances of $5 million or less.
Commercial real estate loans secured by properties located outside of Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York State and areas of states neighboring New York considered to be part of the New York City metropolitan area, comprised 14% of total commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2006.
Commercial real estate construction loans presented in table 6 totaled $2.8 billion at December 31, 2006, or 6% of total loans and leases. Approximately 97% of those construction loans had adjustable interest rates. Included in such loans at December 31, 2006 were $1.1 billion of loans to developers of residential real estate properties. The remainder of the commercial real estate construction loan portfolio was comprised of loans made for various purposes, including the construction of office buildings, multi-family residential housing, retail space and other commercial development.
M&T Realty Capital Corporation, one of the Company’s commercial real estate lending subsidiaries, participates in the FNMA Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program, pursuant to which commercial real estate loans are originated in accordance with terms and conditions specified by FNMA and sold. Under this program, loans are sold with partial credit recourse to M&T Realty Capital Corporation. The amount of recourse is generally limited to one-third of any credit loss incurred by the purchaser on an individual loan, although in some cases the recourse amount is less than one-third of the outstanding principal balance. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, approximately $939 million and $941 million, respectively, of commercial real estate loan balances serviced for others had been sold with recourse. There have been no material losses incurred as a result of those recourse arrangements. Commercial real estate loans held for sale at December 31, 2006 and 2005 aggregated $49 million and $199 million, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, commercial real estate loans serviced for other investors by the Company were $4.9 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively. Those serviced loans are not included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
Real estate loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties were $6.0 billion at December 31, 2006, including approximately 31% secured by properties located in New York State, 13% secured by properties located in Pennsylvania and 9% secured by properties located in Maryland. At December 31, 2006, $1.9 billion of residential real estate loans were held for sale, compared with $1.2 billion at December 31, 2005. Loans to finance the construction of one-to-four family residential properties totaled $693 million at December 31, 2006, or approximately 2% of total loans and leases, compared with $583 million or 1% at December 31, 2005.
Consumer loans and leases comprised approximately 24% of the average loan portfolio during 2006, down from 27% in 2005 and 30% in 2004. The two largest components of the consumer loan portfolio are outstanding balances of home equity lines of credit and automobile loans and leases. Average balances of home equity lines of credit outstanding represented approximately 10% of average loans outstanding in 2006 and 2005. Automobile loans and leases represented approximately 7% of the Company’s average loan portfolio during 2006, down from 9% in 2005. No other consumer loan product represented more than 4% of average loans outstanding in 2006. Approximately 54% of home equity lines of credit outstanding at December 31, 2006 were secured by properties in New York State, and 18% and 22% were secured by properties in Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively. Average outstanding balances on home equity lines of credit were $4.2 billion in 2006, up 5% from $4.0 billion in 2005. The Company continues to pursue growing the home equity portfolio, which has historically experienced a lower level of credit losses than other types of consumer loans. However, the rate of growth from 2005 to 2006 slowed, reflecting the impact of rising interest rates on this portfolio of predominantly variable interest rate loans. At December 31, 2006, 30% and 32% of the automobile loan and lease portfolio were to customers residing in New York State and Pennsylvania, respectively. Although automobile loans and leases have generally been originated through dealers, all applications submitted through dealers are
 
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subject to the Company’s normal underwriting and loan approval procedures. Since mid-2004, the Company has experienced a general slowdown in its automobile loan origination business, resulting from increased competition from other lenders, including financing incentives offered by automobile manufacturers. Throughout that period, the Company chose not to match the pricing being offered by many competitors. During late 2006 the interest rate environment as it relates to these loans improved such that the outstanding balances in this portfolio increased by $42 million to $2.7 billion at December 31, 2006 from September 30, 2006.
Automobile leases outstanding averaged approximately $53 million in 2006, compared with $137 million in 2005 and $308 million in 2004. The Company ceased origination of automobile leases during 2003. That decision did not have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, outstanding automobile leases totaled $29 million and $85 million, respectively.
Table 7 presents the composition of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio at the end of 2006, including outstanding balances to businesses and consumers in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland and other states. Approximately 48% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2006 were to New York State customers, while 21% and 12% were to Pennsylvania and Maryland customers, respectively.
 
Table 7
 
LOANS AND LEASES, NET OF UNEARNED DISCOUNT
 
December 31, 2006
 
                                         
          Percent of Dollars Outstanding  
          New York
                   
    Outstandings     State     Pennsylvania     Maryland     Other  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Real estate
                                       
Residential
  $ 5,956       31 %     13 %     9 %     47 %
Commercial
    15,417       58 (a)     17       12       13  
                                         
Total real estate
    21,373       50 %     16 %     11 %     23 %
                                         
Commercial, financial, etc
    10,465       50 %     28 %     13 %     9 %
Consumer
                                       
Secured or guaranteed
    9,636       41 %     26 %     15 %     18 %
Unsecured
    243       45       26       24       5  
                                         
Total consumer
    9,879       41 %     26 %     15 %     18 %
                                         
Total loans
    41,717       48 %     21 %     13 %     18 %
                                         
Leases
                                       
Commercial
    1,201       41 %     13 %     13 %     33 %
Consumer
    29       18       50       1       31  
                                         
Total leases
    1,230       41 %     14 %     12 %     33 %
                                         
Total loans and leases
  $ 42,947       48 %     21 %     12 %     19 %
                                         
 
 
(a) Includes loans secured by properties located in neighboring states generally considered to be within commuting distance of New York City.
 
Balances of investment securities averaged $8.0 billion in 2006 and 2004, compared with $8.5 billion in 2005. The decline in such securities from 2005 to 2006 reflects net paydowns of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. The Company has allowed the investment securities portfolio to decline as the opportunity to purchase securities at favorable spreads, that is, the difference
 
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between the yield earned on a security and the rate paid on funds used to purchase it, has been limited. The increase in average balances of investment securities from 2004 to 2005 was the result of net purchases in late 2004 and in 2005 consisting largely of collateralized residential mortgage obligations. The investment securities portfolio is largely comprised of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, debt securities issued by municipalities, debt and preferred equity securities issued by government-sponsored agencies and certain financial institutions, and shorter-term U.S. Treasury notes. When purchasing investment securities, the Company considers its overall interest-rate risk profile as well as the adequacy of expected returns relative to risks assumed, including prepayments. In managing its investment securities portfolio, the Company occasionally sells investment securities as a result of changes in interest rates and spreads, actual or anticipated prepayments, or credit risk associated with a particular security, or as a result of restructuring its investment securities portfolio following completion of a business combination. The Company regularly reviews its investment securities for declines in value below amortized cost that might be characterized as “other than temporary.” As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company concluded that such declines were temporary in nature. Events occurring during 2005’s third quarter resulted in the Company recognizing an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $29 million related to preferred securities of FNMA and FHLMC. Additional information about the investment securities portfolio is included in note 3 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Other earning assets include deposits at banks, trading account assets, federal funds sold and agreements to resell securities. Those other earning assets in the aggregate averaged $183 million in 2006, $113 million in 2005 and $74 million in 2004. The amounts of investment securities and other earning assets held by the Company are influenced by such factors as demand for loans, which generally yield more than investment securities and other earning assets, ongoing repayments, the level of deposits, and management of balance sheet size and resulting capital ratios.
The most significant source of funding for the Company is core deposits, which are comprised of noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, nonbrokered savings deposits and nonbrokered domestic time deposits under $100,000. The Company’s branch network is its principal source of core deposits, which generally carry lower interest rates than wholesale funds of comparable maturities. Also included in core deposits are certificates of deposit under $100,000 generated on a nationwide basis by M&T Bank, N.A. Core deposits averaged $28.3 billion in 2006, $27.9 billion in 2005 and $28.1 billion in 2004. The previously discussed June 30, 2006 branch acquisition added approximately $880 million to average core deposits during the second half of 2006, or approximately $443 million for the full year. The rise in average balances of time deposits less than $100,000 in 2006 compared with 2005 and in 2005 as compared with 2004 was partially due to customer response to higher interest rates offered on those products, resulting in a shift of funds from savings and non-interest bearing deposit accounts to time deposits. Average core deposits of M&T Bank, N.A. were $387 million in 2006, $216 million in 2005 and $223 million in 2004. Funding provided by core deposits represented 57% of average earning assets in 2006, compared with 58% in 2005 and 62% in 2004. Table 8 summarizes average core deposits in 2006 and percentage changes in the components of such deposits over the past two years.
 
Table 8
 
AVERAGE CORE DEPOSITS
 
                         
          Percentage Increase
 
          (Decrease) from  
    2006     2005 to 2006     2004 to 2005  
    (Dollars in millions)              
 
NOW accounts
  $ 435       9 %     (27 )%
Savings deposits
    14,332       (3 )     (3 )
Time deposits under $100,000
    5,983       29       8  
Noninterest-bearing deposits
    7,555       (6 )      
                         
Total
  $ 28,305       1 %     (1 )%
                         
 
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Additional sources of funding for the Company include domestic time deposits of $100,000 or more, deposits originated through the Company’s offshore branch office, and brokered deposits. Domestic time deposits over $100,000, excluding brokered certificates of deposit, averaged $2.9 billion in 2006, $1.8 billion in 2005 and $1.2 billion in 2004. Offshore branch deposits, primarily comprised of accounts with balances of $100,000 or more, averaged $3.6 billion in 2006, $3.8 billion in 2005 and $3.1 billion in 2004. Average brokered time deposits totaled $3.5 billion in 2006, compared with $2.7 billion in 2005 and $1.4 billion in 2004, and at December 31, 2006 and 2005 totaled $2.7 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2006, the weighted-average remaining term to maturity of brokered time deposits was 11 months. Certain of these brokered deposits have provisions that allow for early redemption. In connection with the Company’s management of interest rate risk, interest rate swap agreements have been entered into under which the Company receives a fixed rate of interest and pays a variable rate and that have notional amounts and terms substantially similar to the amounts and terms of $390 million of brokered time deposits. The Company also had brokered money-market deposit accounts, which averaged $69 million, $62 million and $57 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Offshore branch deposits and brokered deposits have been used by the Company as an alternative to short-term borrowings. Additional amounts of offshore branch deposits or brokered deposits may be solicited in the future depending on market conditions, including demand by customers and other investors for such deposits, and the cost of funds available from alternative sources at the time.
The Company also uses borrowings from banks, securities dealers, various Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), and others as sources of funding. Short-term borrowings averaged $4.5 billion in 2006, $4.9 billion in 2005 and $5.1 billion in 2004. Included in short-term borrowings were unsecured federal funds borrowings, which generally mature daily, and averaged $3.7 billion, $4.1 billion and $4.3 billion in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Overnight federal funds borrowings represent the largest component of short-term borrowings and are obtained daily from a wide variety of banks and other financial institutions. Also included in short-term borrowings is a $500 million revolving asset-backed structured borrowing secured by automobile loans that were transferred to M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC, a special purpose subsidiary of M&T Bank. The subsidiary, the loans and the borrowings are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. Additional information about M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC and the revolving borrowing agreement is included in note 18 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The average balance of long-term borrowings was $6.0 billion in 2006, $6.4 billion in 2005 and $5.8 billion in 2004. Included in average long-term borrowings were amounts borrowed from the FHLBs of $3.8 billion in each of 2006 and 2005, and $3.3 billion in 2004, and subordinated capital notes of $1.2 billion in 2006 and $1.3 billion in 2005 and 2004. M&T Bank issued $500 million of subordinated notes in December 2006, in part to maintain appropriate regulatory capital ratios. The notes bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.629% until December 2016 and a floating rate thereafter until maturity in December 2021, at a rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus .64%. Beginning December 2016, M&T Bank may, at its option and subject to prior regulatory approval, redeem some or all of the notes on any interest payment date. In December 2005, M&T Bank exchanged $363 million of 8.0% subordinated notes due 2010 for $409 million of subordinated notes bearing a fixed coupon rate of interest of 5.585% through December 2015 and a variable rate of interest equal to one-month LIBOR plus 1.215% from December 2015 to the maturity date in December 2020. Beginning December 2015, M&T Bank may, at its option and subject to prior regulatory approval, redeem some or all of the new notes on any interest payment date. In accordance with GAAP, the Company accounted for the exchange as a modification of debt terms and not as an extinguishment of debt because, among other factors, the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new subordinated notes was not at least ten percent different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under the original terms of the exchanged subordinated notes. Coincident with the exchange, M&T Bank terminated $363 million out of a total notional amount of $500 million of interest rate swap agreements that were used to hedge the 8.0% subordinated notes. Under the terms of the swap agreements, the Company pays a variable rate of interest and receives a fixed rate. The Company paid $15 million to terminate the $363 million notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements. A hedge valuation adjustment of $15 million related to the $363 million of exchanged subordinated notes became part of the carrying value of the new subordinated
 
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notes. The remaining portion of that valuation adjustment, which is being amortized to interest expense over the period to expected maturity of the new notes, was $14 million at December 31, 2006. Including the impact of such amortization, the new subordinated notes have an effective rate of 7.76%. The $137 million notional amount of the interest rate swap agreement that was not terminated continues to hedge the remaining $137 million of 8.0% subordinated notes. Further information on interest rate swap agreements is provided in note 17 of Notes to Financial Statements. Junior subordinated debentures associated with trust preferred securities that were included in average long-term borrowings were $712 million, $711 million and $710 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Additional information regarding junior subordinated debentures, as well as information regarding contractual maturities of long-term borrowings, is provided in note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Changes in the composition of the Company’s earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as described herein, as well as changes in interest rates and spreads, can impact net interest income. From June 30, 2004 to June 30, 2006, the Federal Reserve raised its benchmark overnight federal funds target rate seventeen times, each increase representing a 25 basis point increment over the previously effective target rate. Specifically, during the first half of 2006, four increases were initiated; during 2005, eight increases occurred; and in the second half of 2004, the target federal funds rate was raised five times. In such a rising interest rate environment, rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, most notably short-term borrowings, have risen more rapidly than have the yields on earning assets. The result of these conditions was a contraction of the net interest spread, or the difference between the yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, which declined 22 basis points from 3.32% in 2005 to 3.10% in 2006. The yield on earning assets during 2006 was 6.71%, 88 basis points higher than 5.83% in 2005, while the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased 110 basis points to 3.61% from 2.51% in 2005. The yield on the Company’s earning assets rose 70 basis points in 2005 from 5.13% in 2004, while the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities in 2005 was up 98 basis points from 1.53% in 2004. As a result, the Company’s net interest spread decreased from 3.60% in 2004 to 3.32% in 2005.
Net interest-free funds consist largely of noninterest-bearing demand deposits and stockholders’ equity, partially offset by bank owned life insurance and non-earning assets, including goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets. Net interest-free funds averaged $8.2 billion in 2006, compared with $8.6 billion in 2005 and $8.3 billion in 2004. Goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets averaged $3.1 billion in 2006 and 2004, and $3.0 billion in 2005. The cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance averaged $1.1 billion in 2006, $1.0 billion in 2005 and $974 million in 2004. Increases in the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance are not included in interest income, but rather are recorded in “other revenues from operations.” The contribution of net interest-free funds to net interest margin was .60% in 2006, .45% in 2005 and .28% in 2004. The rise in the contribution to net interest margin ascribed to net interest-free funds in 2006 and 2005 as compared with the immediately preceding years resulted largely from the impact of higher interest rates on interest-bearing liabilities used to value such contribution.
Reflecting the changes to the net interest spread and the contribution of interest-free funds as described herein, the Company’s net interest margin was 3.70% in 2006, compared with 3.77% in 2005 and 3.88% in 2004. Future changes in market interest rates or spreads, as well as changes in the composition of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that result in reductions in spreads, could adversely impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Through the second quarter of 2006, the Company’s net interest margin had been declining since the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates in June 2004. During the last half of 2006, the Federal Reserve held interest rates steady and the Company’s net interest margin stabilized.
Management assesses the potential impact of future changes in interest rates and spreads by projecting net interest income under several interest rate scenarios. In managing interest rate risk, the Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Periodic settlement amounts arising from these agreements are generally reflected in either the yields earned on assets or the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The notional amount of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes at December 31, 2006 was $1.0 billion. Under the terms of these swap
 
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agreements, the Company receives payments based on the outstanding notional amount of the swaps at fixed rates and makes payments at variable rates.
As of December 31, 2006, all of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements entered into for risk management purposes had been designated as fair value hedges. Additional information about those swap agreements and the items being hedged is included in note 17 of Notes to Financial Statements. In a fair value hedge, the fair value of the derivative (the interest rate swap agreement) and changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with the corresponding gain or loss recognized in current earnings. The difference between changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements and the hedged items represents hedge ineffectiveness and is recorded in “other revenues from operations” in the Company’s consolidated statement of income. In a cash flow hedge, unlike in a fair value hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in “other revenues from operations” immediately. The amounts of hedge ineffectiveness recognized in 2006, 2005 and 2004 were not material to the Company’s results of operations. The estimated aggregate fair value of interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges represented a loss of approximately $15 million and $9 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The fair values of such swap agreements were substantially offset by changes in the fair values of the hedged items. The changes in the fair values of the interest rate swap agreements and the hedged items result from the effects of changing interest rates. The average notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes, the related effect on net interest income and margin, and the weighted-average interest rates paid or received on those swap agreements are presented in table 9.
 
Table 9
 
INTEREST RATE SWAP AGREEMENTS
 
                                                 
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    Amount     Rate(a)     Amount     Rate(a)     Amount     Rate(a)  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Increase (decrease) in:
                                               
Interest income
  $       %   $       %   $       %
Interest expense
    4,281       .01       (5,526 )     (.01 )     (18,276 )     (.05 )
                                                 
Net interest income/margin
  $ (4,281 )     (.01 )%   $ 5,526       .01 %   $ 18,276       .04 %
                                                 
Average notional amount(b)
  $ 774,268             $ 767,175             $ 696,284          
Rate received(b)
            5.19 %             6.62 %             6.98 %
Rate paid(b)
            5.74 %             5.90 %             4.35 %
 
 
(a) Computed as a percentage of average earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities.
(b) Weighted-average rate paid or received on interest rate swap agreements in effect during year.
 
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Provision For Credit Losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses that in management’s judgment is adequate to absorb losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. A provision for credit losses is recorded to adjust the level of the allowance as deemed necessary by management. The provision for credit losses was $80 million in 2006, down from $88 million in 2005 and $95 million in 2004. Net loan charge-offs declined to $68 million in 2006 from $77 million and $82 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average loans outstanding were .16% in 2006, compared with .19% in 2005 and .22% in 2004. A summary of the Company’s loan charge-offs, provision and allowance for credit losses is presented in table 10.
 
Table 10
 
LOAN CHARGE-OFFS, PROVISION AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 
                                         
    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance
  $ 637,663     $ 626,864     $ 614,058     $ 436,472     $ 425,008  
Charge-offs during year
                                       
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc. 
    23,949       32,210       33,340       44,782       57,401  
Real estate — construction
                      2       88  
Real estate — mortgage
    6,406       4,708       10,829       13,999       13,969  
Consumer
    65,251       70,699       74,856       68,737       53,124  
                                         
Total charge-offs
    95,606       107,617       119,025       127,520       124,582  
                                         
Recoveries during year
                                       
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc. 
    4,119       6,513       13,581       12,517       3,129  
Real estate — construction
                      4        
Real estate — mortgage
    1,784       3,887       4,051       3,436       2,333  
Consumer
    21,988       20,330       19,700       15,047       11,370  
                                         
Total recoveries
    27,891       30,730       37,332       31,004       16,832  
                                         
Net charge-offs
    67,715       76,887       81,693       96,516       107,750  
Provision for credit losses
    80,000       88,000       95,000       131,000       122,000  
Allowance for credit losses acquired during the year
                      146,300        
Allowance related to loans sold or securitized
          (314 )     (501 )     (3,198 )     (2,786 )
                                         
Allowance for credit losses ending balance
  $ 649,948     $ 637,663     $ 626,864     $ 614,058     $ 436,472  
                                         
Net charge-offs as a percent of:
                                       
Provision for credit losses
    84.64 %     87.37 %     85.99 %     73.68 %     88.32 %
Average loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    .16 %     .19 %     .22 %     .28 %     .42 %
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of loans and leases, net of unearned discount, at year-end
    1.51 %     1.58 %     1.63 %     1.72 %     1.70 %
 
Nonperforming loans, consisting of nonaccrual and restructured loans, aggregated $224 million or .52% of outstanding loans and leases at December 31, 2006, compared with $156 million or .39% at December 31, 2005 and $172 million or .45% at December 31, 2004. The increase in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2006 from a year earlier was largely due to the addition of four relationships with automobile dealers totaling approximately $41 million. The lower level of nonperforming loans at the
 
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2005 year-end as compared with a year earlier reflects an overall improvement in borrower repayment performance.
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more were $111 million or .26% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2006, compared with $129 million or .32% at December 31, 2005 and $155 million or .40% at December 31, 2004. Those loans included loans guaranteed by government-related entities of $77 million, $106 million and $121 million at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Such guaranteed loans included one-to-four family residential mortgage loans serviced by the Company that were repurchased to reduce associated servicing costs, including a requirement to advance principal and interest payments that had not been received from individual mortgagors. The outstanding principal balances of the repurchased loans are fully guaranteed by government-related entities and totaled $65 million at December 31, 2006, $79 million at December 31, 2005 and $104 million at December 31, 2004. Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest that were guaranteed by government-related entities also included foreign commercial and industrial loans supported by the Export-Import Bank of the United States that totaled $11 million at December 31, 2006, compared with $26 million and $17 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. A summary of nonperforming assets and certain past due loan data and credit quality ratios is presented in table 11.
 
Table 11
 
NONPERFORMING ASSETS AND PAST DUE LOAN DATA
 
                                         
December 31
  2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Nonaccrual loans
  $ 209,272     $ 141,067     $ 162,013     $ 232,983     $ 207,038  
Renegotiated loans
    14,956       15,384       10,437       7,309       8,252  
                                         
Total nonperforming loans
    224,228       156,451       172,450       240,292       215,290  
Real estate and other assets owned
    12,141       9,486       12,504       19,629       17,380  
                                         
Total nonperforming assets
  $ 236,369     $ 165,937     $ 184,954     $ 259,921     $ 232,670  
                                         
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more(a)
  $ 111,307     $ 129,403     $ 154,590     $ 154,759     $ 153,803  
Government guaranteed loans included in totals above:
                                       
Nonperforming loans
  $ 17,586     $ 13,845     $ 15,273     $ 19,355     $ 11,885  
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
    76,622       105,508       120,700       124,585       129,114  
Nonperforming loans to total loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    .52 %     .39 %     .45 %     .67 %     .84 %
Nonperforming assets to total net loans and leases and real estate and other assets owned
    .55 %     .41 %     .48 %     .73 %     .90 %
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more to total loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    .26 %     .32 %     .40 %     .43 %     .60 %
 
 
(a) Predominately residential mortgage loans.
 
Factors that influence the Company’s credit loss experience include overall economic conditions affecting businesses and consumers, in general, and, due to the size of the Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio, real estate valuations, in particular. Commercial real estate valuations can be highly subjective, as they are based upon many assumptions. Such valuations can be significantly affected over relatively short periods of time by changes in business climate, economic conditions, interest rates, and, in many cases, the results of operations of businesses and other occupants of the real property.
Net charge-offs of commercial loans and leases totaled $20 million in each of 2006 and 2004, compared with $26 million in 2005. Nonperforming commercial loans and leases were $79 million at December 31, 2006, $39 million a year earlier and $45 million at December 31, 2004. As noted earlier,
 
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the increase in such loans from the 2005 year-end to December 31, 2006 largely reflects the addition of four relationships with automobile dealers aggregating $41 million. Continued slowing of domestic automobile sales in 2006 has resulted in a difficult operating environment for certain automobile dealers, leading to deteriorating financial results.
Net charge-offs of commercial real estate loans during 2006 were $1 million, compared with net recoveries of $1 million in 2005 and net charge-offs of $3 million in 2004. Commercial real estate loans classified as nonperforming totaled $57 million at December 31, 2006, compared with $44 million at December 31, 2005 and $45 million at December 31, 2004. The increase from the end of 2005 to the 2006 year-end was largely due to the addition of a $10 million loan to an assisted living facility.
Residential real estate loans charged off, net of recoveries, were $4 million in each of 2006 and 2004, compared with $2 million in 2005. Nonperforming residential real estate loans at the 2006 year-end totaled $42 million, compared with $29 million and $44 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Residential real estate loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest totaled $92 million, $96 million and $127 million at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. A substantial portion of such amounts related to guaranteed loans repurchased from government-related entities.
Net charge-offs of consumer loans and leases during 2006 totaled $43 million, representing .43% of average consumer loans and leases outstanding, compared with $50 million or .47% in 2005 and $55 million or .49% in 2004. Indirect automobile loans and leases represented the most significant category of consumer loan charge-offs in each of the past three years. Net charge-offs of indirect automobile loans and leases were $24 million during 2006, and $37 million during each of 2005 and 2004. Nonperforming consumer loans and leases were $46 million at December 31, 2006, representing .46% of outstanding consumer loans and leases, compared with $44 million or .42% at December 31, 2005 and $38 million or .35% at December 31, 2004. Consumer loans and leases past due 90 days or more and accruing interest totaled $3 million at December 31, 2006, $1 million at December 31, 2005 and $2 million at December 31, 2004.
Management regularly assesses the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses by performing ongoing evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio, including such factors as the differing economic risks associated with each loan category, the financial condition of specific borrowers, the economic environment in which borrowers operate, the level of delinquent loans, the value of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or indemnifications. Management evaluated the impact of changes in interest rates and overall economic conditions on the ability of borrowers to meet repayment obligations when quantifying the Company’s exposure to credit losses and assessing the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for such losses as of each reporting date. Factors also considered by management when performing its assessment, in addition to general economic conditions and the other factors described above, included, but were not limited to: (i) the concentration of commercial real estate loans in the Company’s loan portfolio, particularly the large concentration of loans secured by properties in New York State, in general, and in the New York City metropolitan area, in particular; (ii) the amount of commercial and industrial loans to businesses in areas of New York State outside of the New York City metropolitan area and in central Pennsylvania that have historically experienced less economic growth and vitality than the vast majority of other regions of the country; and (iii) the size of the Company’s portfolio of loans to individual consumers, which historically have experienced higher net charge-offs as a percentage of loans outstanding than other loan types. The level of the allowance is adjusted based on the results of management’s analysis.
Management cautiously and conservatively evaluated the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2006 in light of (i) the sluggish pace of economic growth in many of the markets served by the Company; (ii) continuing weakness in industrial employment in upstate New York and central Pennsylvania; and (iii) the significant subjectivity involved in commercial real estate valuations for properties located in areas with stagnant or low growth economies. Although the national economy experienced moderate growth in 2006 with inflation being reasonably well contained, concerns exist about the level and volatility of energy prices; a weakening housing market, particularly concerns about possible over-valued real estate; Federal Reserve positioning of monetary policy; the underlying impact on businesses’ operations and abilities to repay loans resulting from a higher level of interest rates;
 
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sluggish job creation, which could cause consumer spending to slow; continued stagnant population growth in the upstate New York and central Pennsylvania regions; continued slowing of domestic automobile sales; and modest loan demand in many market areas served by the Company.
In ascertaining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the Company estimates losses attributable to specific troubled credits and also estimates losses inherent in other loans and leases. The total allowance for credit losses, therefore, includes both specific and inherent base level loss components, as well as inherent unallocated loss components. The following paragraphs describe these components.
For purposes of determining the level of the allowance for credit losses, the Company segments its loan and lease portfolio by loan type. The amount of specific loss components in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios is determined through a loan by loan analysis of commercial and commercial real estate loans greater than $350,000 which are in nonaccrual status. Measurement of the specific loss components is typically based on expected future cash flows, collateral values and other factors that may impact the borrower’s ability to pay. Impaired loans, as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan,” as amended, are evaluated for specific loss components. Except for consumer loans and leases and residential real estate loans that are considered smaller balance homogeneous loans and are evaluated collectively, the Company considers a loan to be impaired for purposes of applying SFAS No. 114 when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days or more. Loans less than 90 days delinquent are deemed to have a minimal delay in payment and are generally not considered to be impaired for purposes of applying SFAS No. 114.
The inherent base level loss components are generally determined by applying loss factors to specific loan balances based on loan type and management’s classification of such loans under the Company’s loan grading system. The Company utilizes an extensive loan grading system which is applied to all commercial and commercial real estate credits. Loan officers are responsible for continually assigning grades to these loans based on standards outlined in the Company’s Credit Policy. Internal loan grades are also extensively monitored by the Company’s loan review department to ensure consistency and strict adherence to the prescribed standards.
Loan balances utilized in the inherent base level loss component computations exclude loans and leases for which specific allocations are maintained. Loan grades are assigned loss component factors that reflect the Company’s loss estimate for each group of loans and leases. Factors considered in assigning loan grades and loss component factors include borrower-specific information related to expected future cash flows and operating results, collateral value, financial condition, payment status, and other information; levels of and trends in portfolio charge-offs and recoveries; levels of and trends in portfolio delinquencies and impaired loans; changes in the risk profile of specific portfolios; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in credit concentrations; and observed trends and practices in the banking industry.
To better classify inherent losses by specific loan categories, beginning in 2006 amounts previously included in the inherent unallocated portion of the allowance for such things as customer, industry and geographic concentrations as well as for certain national and local economic conditions have been included in the inherent base level loss component. As a result, probable losses resulting from (i) comparatively poorer economic conditions and an unfavorable business climate in many market regions served by the Company, specifically upstate New York and central Pennsylvania, that resulted in such regions experiencing significantly poorer economic growth and vitality as compared with much of the rest of the country; (ii) portfolio concentrations regarding loan type, collateral type and geographic location, in particular the large concentration of commercial real estate loans secured by properties in the New York City metropolitan area and other areas of New York State; and (iii) additional risk associated with the Company’s portfolio of consumer loans, in particular automobile loans and leases, which generally have higher rates of loss than other types of collateralized loans, have been included in the inherent base level loss components at December 31, 2006.
In evaluating collateral value, the Company relies extensively on internally and externally prepared valuations. Such valuations, in particular commercial real estate valuations, utilize many assumptions and, as a result, can be highly subjective. Specifically, commercial real estate values in the New York City
 
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metropolitan area can be significantly affected over relatively short periods of time by changes in business climate, economic conditions and interest rates, and, in many cases, the results of operations of businesses and other occupants of the real property. Additionally, management is aware that there is oftentimes a delay in the recognition of credit quality changes in assigned loan grades due to the elapse of time between the manifestation and reporting of underlying events that impact credit quality and, accordingly, loss estimates derived from the inherent base level loss component computation are adjusted for current national and local economic conditions and trends. Economic indicators in the most significant market regions served by the Company were mixed during 2006. Private sector job growth in the upstate New York market was 0.2%, or well below the 1.5% national average. The manufacturing-oriented metropolitan areas of Buffalo, Rochester and Binghamton continued to experience weakness, including continued industrial downsizing. Job growth in areas of Pennsylvania served by the Company and in Maryland matched the national average. The results for the Pennsylvania markets are particularly noteworthy since job growth in that region had significantly lagged national averages for several years prior to 2006. Job growth in New York City (1.8%) and the Greater Washington D.C. region (3.0%), particularly northern Virginia (3.6%), was higher than the national average in 2006. These mixed signals on private sector job growth, combined with concerns about inflation, higher interest rates, high levels of consumer indebtedness, high and volatile energy prices, weak population growth in the upstate New York and central Pennsylvania regions that lagged national population growth trends and other factors, continue to indicate to management an environment of economic uncertainty, particularly in the markets served by the Company in New York and Pennsylvania where more than two-thirds of its lending business is conducted.
The specific loss components and the inherent base level loss components together comprise the total base level or “allocated” allowance for credit losses. Such allocated portion of the allowance represents management’s assessment of losses existing in specific larger balance loans that are reviewed in detail by management and pools of other loans that are not individually analyzed. The inherent unallocated portion of the allowance is intended to provide for probable losses that are not otherwise identifiable. The inherent unallocated allowance includes management’s subjective determination of amounts necessary for such things as; (i) the effect of expansion into new markets, including market areas entered through acquisitions, for which the Company does not have the same degree of familiarity and experience regarding portfolio performance in changing market conditions; (ii) the introduction of new loan and lease product types, including loans and leases to foreign and domestic borrowers obtained through acquisitions; and (iii) the possible use of imprecise estimates in determining the allocated portion of the allowance.
A comparative allocation of the allowance for credit losses for each of the past five year-ends is presented in table 12. Amounts were allocated to specific loan categories based on information available to management at the time of each year-end assessment and using the methodology described herein. Variations in the allocation of the allowance by loan category as a percentage of those loans reflect changes in management’s estimate of specific loss components and inherent base level loss components, including in 2006, the allocation of losses that were previously unallocated for such things as customer, industry and geographic concentrations, certain national and local economic conditions, and other factors. As described in note 4 of Notes to Financial Statements, loans considered impaired pursuant to the requirements of SFAS No. 114 were $153 million at December 31, 2006 and $93 million at December 31, 2005. The allocated portion of the allowance for credit losses related to impaired loans totaled $23 million at December 31, 2006 and $15 million at December 31, 2005. The unallocated portion of the allowance for credit losses was equal to .21% and .51% of gross loans outstanding at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The decrease in the unallocated portion of the allowance for credit losses from year-end 2005 to December 31, 2006 was largely attributable to the factors described herein. Given the inherent imprecision in the many estimates used in the determination of the allocated portion of the allowance, management deliberately remained cautious and conservative in establishing the unallocated portion of the allowance for credit losses. Given the Company’s high concentration of commercial loans and commercial real estate loans in New York State, including the upstate New York region, and central Pennsylvania, and considering the other factors already discussed herein, management considers the allocated and unallocated portions of the allowance for credit losses to be prudent and
 
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reasonable. Nevertheless, the Company’s allowance is general in nature and is available to absorb losses from any loan or lease category.
 
Table 12
 
ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES TO LOAN CATEGORIES
 
                                         
December 31
  2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc
  $ 212,945     $ 136,852     $ 147,550     $ 186,902     $ 120,627  
Real estate
    221,747       161,003       166,910       170,493       152,758  
Consumer
    124,675       133,541       148,591       152,759       113,711  
Unallocated
    90,581       206,267       163,813       103,904       49,376  
                                         
Total
  $ 649,948     $ 637,663     $ 626,864     $ 614,058     $ 436,472  
                                         
 
 
                                         
As a Percentage of Gross Loans
                             
and Leases Outstanding
                             
 
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc
    1.79 %     1.23 %     1.45 %     1.99 %     2.23 %
Real estate
    1.04       .85       .96       1.10       1.17  
Consumer
    1.26       1.27       1.33       1.37       1.51  
 
Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2006 was adequate to absorb credit losses inherent in the portfolio as of that date. The allowance for credit losses was $650 million or 1.51% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2006, compared with $638 million or 1.58% at December 31, 2005 and $627 million or 1.63% at December 31, 2004. The decline in the level of the allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans and leases from the 2005 year end to December 31, 2006 reflects management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio as described herein, including a change in portfolio mix resulting from higher balances of residential real estate loans and lower balances of consumer loans. In general, the Company experiences significantly lower charge-off rates on residential real estate loans than on consumer loans. The decline in the level of the allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans and leases from December 31, 2004 to December 31, 2005 also reflects improvement in certain credit factors, including decreases in net charge-offs and nonperforming loans. Should the various credit factors considered by management in establishing the allowance for credit losses change and should management’s assessment of losses inherent in the loan portfolios also change, the level of the allowance as a percentage of loans could increase or decrease in future periods. The ratio of the allowance to nonperforming loans at the end of 2006, 2005 and 2004 was 290%, 408% and 364%, respectively. The level of the allowance reflects management’s evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio as of each respective date.
In establishing the allowance for credit losses, management follows the methodology described herein, including taking a conservative view of borrowers’ abilities to repay loans. The establishment of the allowance is extremely subjective and requires management to make many judgments about borrower, industry, regional and national economic health and performance. In order to present examples of the possible impact on the allowance from certain changes in credit quality factors, the Company assumed the following scenarios for possible deterioration of credit quality:
 
  •  For consumer loans and leases considered smaller balance homogenous loans and evaluated collectively, a 20 basis point increase in loss factors;
 
  •  For residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit, also considered smaller balance homogenous loans and evaluated collectively, a 10 basis point increase in loss factors; and
 
  •  For commercial loans and commercial real estate loans, which are not similar in nature, a migration of loans to lower-ranked risk grades resulting in a 30% increase in the balance of classified credits in each risk grade.
 
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For possible improvement in credit quality factors, the scenarios assumed were:
 
  •  For consumer loans and leases, a 10 basis point decrease in loss factors;
 
  •  For residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit, a 5 basis point decrease in loss factors; and
 
  •  For commercial loans and commercial real estate loans, a migration of loans to higher-ranked risk grades resulting in a 5% decrease in the balance of classified credits in each risk grade.
 
The scenario analyses resulted in an additional $48 million in losses that could be identifiable under the assumptions for credit deterioration, whereas under the assumptions for credit improvement an $18 million reduction in such losses could occur. These examples are only a few of numerous reasonably possible scenarios that could be utilized in assessing the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses based on changes in assumptions and other factors.
Commercial real estate loans secured by multifamily properties and properties used in providing retail goods and services in the New York City metropolitan area represented 4% and 5%, respectively, of loans outstanding at December 31, 2006. The Company had no concentrations of credit extended to any specific industry that exceeded 10% of total loans at December 31, 2006. Outstanding loans to foreign borrowers were $176 million at December 31, 2006, or .4% of total loans and leases.
Assets acquired in settlement of defaulted loans totaled $12 million at December 31, 2006, compared with $9 million and $13 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
Other Income
Other income rose 10% to $1.05 billion in 2006 from $950 million in 2005. Higher levels of mortgage banking revenues, service charges on deposit accounts, trust income, brokerage services income, and other revenues contributed to that improvement. As discussed previously, included in other income for 2006 was a $13 million gain from the accelerated recognition of a purchase accounting premium related to the call of a $200 million borrowing from the FHLB of Atlanta. In addition, other income in 2005 reflects the already discussed $29 million other-than-temporary impairment charge related to the Company’s investment in certain preferred stock issuances of FNMA and FHLMC. Excluding gains and losses from investment securities from both years and the $13 million gain on the called borrowing in 2006, other income increased 5% from 2005 to 2006. Other income in 2005 was 1% above the $943 million earned in 2004. Higher mortgage banking revenues, corporate financing advisory fees, gains on sales of commercial lease equipment and other property, and other revenues were offset by losses from investment securities, which reflect the $29 million impairment charge. Excluding gains and losses from investment securities, other income in 2005 rose $38 million or 4% from 2004.
Mortgage banking revenues were $143 million in 2006, compared with $136 million in 2005 and $124 million in 2004. Mortgage banking revenues are comprised of both residential and commercial mortgage banking activities. The Company’s involvement in commercial mortgage banking activities is largely comprised of the origination, sales and servicing of loans in conjunction with the FNMA DUS program.
Residential mortgage banking revenues, which consist of gains from sales of residential mortgage loans and loan servicing rights, residential mortgage loan servicing fees, and other residential mortgage loan-related fees and income, increased 7% to $114 million in 2006 from $107 million in 2005. Higher revenue from servicing residential mortgage loans for others was the leading factor in the improvement. Residential mortgage banking revenues in 2005 were 7% higher than the $100 million earned in 2004. Higher origination activity was the most significant factor contributing to that increase.
Residential mortgage loans originated for sale to other investors totaled approximately $6.4 billion in 2006, compared with $6.5 billion in 2005 and $4.8 billion in 2004. Realized gains from sales of residential mortgage loans and loan servicing rights and recognized net unrealized gains or losses attributable to residential mortgage loans held for sale, commitments to originate loans for sale and commitments to sell loans totaled $41 million in 2006, compared with $42 million in 2005, and $32 million in 2004. On May 1, 2005, the Company assumed the operations of Regions Financial Corporation’s wholesale residential mortgage business. Those operations added 13 locations and
 
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approximately 140 employees to the Company’s residential mortgage banking business. Approximately $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion of residential mortgage loans originated in 2006 and 2005, respectively, for sale to other investors were related to the assumed operations.
Revenues from servicing residential mortgage loans for others rose to $66 million in 2006 from $58 million in 2005 and $57 million in 2004. Included in such servicing revenues were amounts related to purchased servicing rights associated with small balance commercial mortgage loans totaling $14 million, $10 million and $6 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Residential mortgage loans serviced for others totaled $16.7 billion at December 31, 2006, $15.6 billion a year earlier and $14.9 billion at December 31, 2004, including the small balance commercial mortgage loans noted above of approximately $3.3 billion, $2.4 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Capitalized residential mortgage loan servicing assets, net of a valuation allowance for possible impairment, totaled $153 million at December 31, 2006, compared with $140 million and $133 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Included in capitalized residential mortgage servicing assets were purchased servicing rights associated with the small balance commercial mortgage loans noted above of $36 million, $23 million and $13 million at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Additional information about the Company’s capitalized residential mortgage loan servicing assets, including information about the calculation of estimated fair value, is presented herein under the heading “Other Expense” and in note 7 of Notes to Financial Statements. Commitments to sell residential mortgage loans and commitments to originate residential mortgage loans for sale at pre-determined rates were $1.8 billion and $680 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006, $923 million and $352 million, respectively, at December 31, 2005 and $764 million and $422 million, respectively, at December 31, 2004. Net unrealized gains on hedged residential mortgage loans held for sale, commitments to sell loans, and commitments to originate loans for sale were $4 million and $3 million at December 31, 2006 and 2004, respectively, compared with net unrealized losses of $5 million at December 31, 2005. Changes in such net unrealized gains and losses are recorded in mortgage banking revenues and resulted in a net increase in revenue of $2 million in 2006, and net decreases in revenue of $8 million in 2005 and $4 million in 2004.
Commercial mortgage banking revenues totaled $29 million in each of 2006 and 2005, compared with $25 million in 2004. Revenues from loan origination and sales activities were $15 million in 2006, compared with $14 million during 2005 and $13 million in 2004. Loan servicing revenues totaled $14 million in 2006, $15 million in 2005 and $12 million in 2004. Capitalized commercial mortgage loan servicing assets totaled $21 million at each of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and $22 million at December 31, 2004. Commercial mortgage loans serviced for other investors totaled $4.9 billion, $4.3 billion and $4.1 billion at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and included $939 million, $941 million and $926 million, respectively, of loan balances for which investors had recourse to the Company if such balances are ultimately uncollectible. Commitments to sell commercial mortgage loans and commitments to originate commercial mortgage loans for sale were $115 million and $66 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006, $241 million and $42 million, respectively, at December 31, 2005 and $167 million and $106 million, respectively, at December 31, 2004. Commercial mortgage loans held for sale totaled $49 million, $199 million and $61 million at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Service charges on deposit accounts increased 3% to $381 million in 2006 from $370 million in 2005. Deposit account service charges in 2004 were $366 million. The higher levels of such revenues in 2006 and 2005 as compared with the immediately preceding years resulted from increased consumer service charges, largely resulting from higher debit card transaction volumes and overdraft fees, partially offset by lower commercial service charges.
Trust income includes fees for trust and custody services provided to personal, corporate and institutional customers, and investment management and advisory fees that are often based on a percentage of the market value of assets under management. Trust income rose 5% to $141 million in 2006 from $135 million in 2005, due in part to higher personal trust revenues. Trust income totaled $136 million in 2004. The impact of lower balances in proprietary mutual funds caused the decline in revenues from 2004 to 2005. Total trust assets, which include assets under management and assets under administration, aggregated $142.4 billion at December 31, 2006, compared with $134.0 billion at December 31, 2005. Trust assets under management were $14.8 billion and $13.2 billion at December 31,
 
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2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company’s proprietary mutual funds, the MTB Group of Funds, had assets of $8.9 billion and $8.4 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Brokerage services income, which includes revenues from the sale of mutual funds and annuities and securities brokerage fees, aggregated $60 million in 2006, up 8% from $56 million in 2005, primarily the result of increased revenues from the sale of annuities. Brokerage services income was $54 million in 2004. The increase from 2004 to 2005 was due largely to increased revenues earned from the sale of mutual funds.
Trading account and foreign exchange activity resulted in gains of $25 million in 2006, $23 million in 2005 and $19 million in 2004. The higher gains in 2006 as compared with 2005 resulted largely from net increases in the market values of trading assets held in connection with deferred compensation plans. The increased gains in 2005 as compared with 2004 were due in part to higher volumes of trading assets and liabilities and reflected fees and market value changes related to interest rate swap agreements and foreign exchange contracts executed. The Company enters into interest rate and foreign exchange contracts with customers who need such services and concomitantly enters into offsetting trading positions with third parties to minimize the risks involved with these types of transactions. Information about the notional amount of interest rate, foreign exchange and other contracts entered into by the Company for trading account purposes is included in note 17 of Notes to Financial Statements and herein under the heading “Liquidity, Market Risk, and Interest Rate Sensitivity.” Trading account revenues related to interest rate and foreign exchange contracts totaled $15 million in each of 2006 and 2005, and were $11 million in 2004. Trading account assets held in connection with deferred compensation plans were $45 million and $41 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Trading account revenues resulting from net increases in the market values of such assets were $5 million in 2006, $3 million in 2005 and $4 million in 2004. A largely offsetting expense resulting from corresponding increases in liabilities related to deferred compensation is included in other costs of operations. Gains on investment securities were $3 million in each of 2006 and 2004, while as a result of the previously described charge for the other-than-temporary impairment in value of the FNMA and FHLMC preferred stock, losses on investment securities aggregated $28 million during 2005.
Other revenues from operations were $293 million in 2006, up from $259 million in 2005 and $240 million in 2004. Significant contributors to the 13% rise in such revenues from 2005 to 2006 were the previously noted $13 million gain from the call of an FHLB borrowing and an increase of $9 million in insurance-related revenues, largely the result of the February 1, 2006 acquisition by M&T Bank of a commercial insurance and surety brokerage agency based in Maryland. Also contributing to the increase from 2005 to 2006 were higher income from educational lending services of $8 million and income from bank owned life insurance of $6 million. An increase of $5 million in revenues from providing corporate financing advisory services and a $7 million increase in gains on sales of commercial lease equipment and other property contributed to the higher revenues in 2005 as compared with 2004.
Included in other revenues from operations were the following significant components. Letter of credit and other credit-related fees totaled $77 million, $75 million and $74 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Tax-exempt income earned from bank owned life insurance aggregated $53 million, $47 million and $48 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Such income includes increases in cash surrender value of life insurance policies and benefits received. Revenues from merchant discount and credit card fees were $32 million in 2006, $30 million in 2005 and $28 million in 2004. Insurance-related sales commissions and other revenues totaled $32 million in 2006, compared with $22 million in each of 2005 and 2004. The higher revenues in 2006 as compared with the preceding two years was primarily the result of the already noted insurance agency acquisition in February 2006. Automated teller machine (“ATM”) usage fees aggregated $15 million in 2006, compared with $22 million in 2005 and in 2004. The decrease in such fees in 2006 was largely the result of the reduction or elimination of fees charged for use of ATMs at certain non-branch locations.
 
Other Expense
Other expense totaled $1.55 billion in 2006, compared with $1.49 billion in 2005 and $1.52 billion in 2004. Included in such amounts are expenses considered to be “nonoperating” in nature consisting of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets of $63 million, $57 million and $75 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and merger-related integration expenses of $5 million in 2006. There
 
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were no merger-related expenses in either 2005 or 2004. Exclusive of these nonoperating expenses, noninterest operating expenses were $1.48 billion in 2006, up 4% from $1.43 billion in 2005. Included in 2006’s operating expenses was the $18 million charitable contribution already discussed. Excluding the impact of the charitable contribution, operating expenses in 2006 increased $37 million, or less than 3% from 2005, due primarily to higher salaries costs, including merit pay increases and incentive compensation. Noninterest operating expenses were $1.44 billion in 2004. As previously noted, such expenses reflect a $25 million charitable contribution. Excluding that contribution, operating expenses in 2005 increased $13 million, or less than 1%, from 2004. That increase from 2004 resulted from higher costs of providing health care and retirement benefits to employees and increased professional services expenses, partially offset by a higher reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance for the impairment of capitalized residential mortgage servicing rights, due to higher residential mortgage loan interest rates. Table 2 provides a reconciliation of other expense to noninterest operating expense.
Salaries and employee benefits expense totaled $873 million in 2006, up 6% from $822 million in 2005. The most significant contributor to the increase was a higher level of salaries expense in 2006, reflecting the impact of merit pay increases and higher stock-based compensation costs and other incentive pay. Salaries and employee benefits expense was $807 million in 2004. Expenses related to providing employee health care and retirement benefits were the most significant contributors to the rise in salaries and benefits from 2004 to 2005. The Company recognizes expense for stock-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting for all stock-based compensation granted to employees after January 1, 1995. As a result, salaries and employee benefits expense in 2006, 2005 and 2004 included $51 million, $45 million and $48 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation. The higher level of stock-based compensation in 2006 was largely due to the adoption of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS No. 123R”), effective January 1, 2006. As required, coincident with the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company began accelerating the recognition of compensation costs for stock-based awards granted to retirement-eligible employees and employees who will become retirement-eligible prior to full vesting of the award. As a result, stock-based compensation expense during 2006 included $4 million that would otherwise have been recognized over the normal four year vesting period if not for the required adoption of SFAS No. 123R. That acceleration had no effect on the value of stock-based compensation awarded to employees. The number of full-time equivalent employees was 12,721 at December 31, 2006, compared with 12,780 and 12,678 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Pension benefit expense is a significant cost to the Company and totaled $28 million in 2006, $38 million in 2005 and $30 million in 2004. The Company sponsors both defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans. The expense for 2006 includes $7 million related to a new qualified defined contribution plan introduced on January 1, 2006. The determination of pension expense and the recognition of net pension assets and liabilities for defined benefit pension plans requires management to make various assumptions that can significantly impact the actuarial calculations related thereto. Those assumptions include the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the rate of increase in future compensation levels and the discount rate. Changes in any of those assumptions will impact the Company’s pension expense. The expected long-term rate of return assumption is determined by taking into consideration asset allocations, historical returns on the types of assets held and current economic factors. Returns on invested assets are periodically compared with target market indices for each asset type to aid management in evaluating such returns. The discount rate used by the Company to determine the present value of the Company’s future benefit obligations reflects specific market yields for a hypothetical portfolio of highly rated corporate bonds that would produce cash flows similar to the Company’s benefit plan obligations and the level of market interest rates in general. Other factors used to estimate the projected benefit obligations include actuarial assumptions for mortality rate, turnover rate, retirement rate and disability rate. Those other factors do not tend to change significantly over time. The Company reviews its pension plan assumptions annually to ensure that such assumptions are reasonable and adjusts those assumptions, as necessary, to reflect changes in future expectations. The Company utilizes actuaries and others to aid in that assessment.
The Company’s 2006 pension expense for its defined benefit plans was determined using the following assumptions: a long-term rate of return on assets of 8.50%; a rate of future compensation increase of 4.90%; and a discount rate of 5.50%. To demonstrate the sensitivity of pension expense to
 
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changes in the Company’s pension plan assumptions, 25 basis point increases in: the rate of return on plan assets would have resulted in a decrease in pension expense of $1 million; the rate of increase in compensation would have resulted in an increase in pension expense of $.5 million; and the discount rate would have resulted in a decrease in pension expense of $3 million. Decreases of 25 basis points in those assumptions would have resulted in similar changes in amount, but in the opposite direction from the changes presented in the preceding sentence. The accounting guidance for defined benefit pension plans reflects the long-term nature of benefit obligations and the investment horizon of plan assets, and has the effect of reducing earnings volatility related to short-term changes in interest rates and market valuations. Actuarial gains and losses include the impact of plan amendments and various unrecognized gains and losses resulting from changes in assumptions and investment returns which are different from that which is assumed. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had cumulative unrecognized actuarial losses of approximately $101 million that could result in an increase in the Company’s future pension expense depending on several factors, including whether such losses at each measurement date exceed ten percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets. In accordance with GAAP, net unrecognized gains or losses that exceed that threshold are required to be amortized over the expected service period of active employees, and are included as a component of net pension cost. Amortization of these net unrealized losses had the effect of increasing the Company’s pension expense by approximately $8 million in 2006, $5 million in 2005 and $2 million in 2004.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans,” which requires an employer to recognize in its balance sheet as an asset or liability the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation. For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other postretirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. SFAS No. 158 requires that gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period, but are not included as components of net periodic benefit cost pursuant to SFAS No. 87 or SFAS No. 106, be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. An employer with publicly-traded equity securities is required to initially recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. As of December 31, 2006, the combined benefit obligations (as defined under SFAS No. 158) of the Company’s defined benefit postretirement plans exceeded the fair value of the assets of such plans by approximately $205 million. Of that amount, $96 million was related to qualified defined benefit plans that are periodically funded by the Company and $109 million related to non-qualified pension and other postretirement plans that are generally not funded until benefits are paid. As a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 158, the Company was required to have a net pension and postretirement benefit liability for those plans that was at least equal to $205 million at December 31, 2006. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2006 the Company recorded an additional postretirement benefit liability of $46 million. After applicable tax effect, that liability reduced accumulated other comprehensive income (and thereby stockholders’ equity) by $28 million. Because the recognition requirements of SFAS No. 158 were required to be applied at the end of the year of adoption, the Company had to first recognize the additional minimum liability amounts required under the provisions of SFAS No. 87. As a result, as of December 31, 2006 the Company decreased its previously recorded minimum pension liability by $51 million with a corresponding increase to other comprehensive income that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was approximately $31 million. A combination of better than expected investment returns on plan assets during 2006 and a 25 basis point increase in the discount rate assumption to 5.75% at December 31, 2006 from 5.50% at December 31, 2005 were the significant factors contributing to the increase to other comprehensive income recorded in 2006 under the provisions of SFAS No. 87. In order to recognize the funded status of the Company’s other combined defined benefit postretirement plans under the provisions of SFAS No. 158, the Company then recorded an incremental minimum liability of approximately $16 million with a corresponding reduction of stockholders’ equity that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was approximately $10 million. As a result, including the effects of adopting SFAS No. 158, the Company decreased its minimum liability from that which was recorded at December 31, 2005 by approximately $35 million with a corresponding increase to
 
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stockholders’ equity that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was approximately $21 million. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 158, a 25 basis point decrease in the assumed discount rate as of December 31, 2006 to 5.50% would have resulted in increases in the combined benefit obligations of all defined benefit postretirement plans (including pension and other plans) of $25 million. Under that scenario, the minimum postretirement liability adjustment at December 31, 2006 would have been $71 million, rather than the $46 million that was actually recorded, and the corresponding after tax-effect charge to accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2006 would have been $44 million, rather than the $28 million that was actually recorded. A 25 basis point increase in the assumed discount rate to 6.00% would have decreased the combined benefit obligations of all defined benefit postretirement plans by $24 million. Under this latter scenario, the aggregate liability adjustment at December 31, 2006 would have been $22 million rather than the $46 million actually recorded and the corresponding after tax-effect charge to accumulated other comprehensive income would have been $14 million rather than $28 million. The Company made contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2006 totaling approximately $36 million. Information about the Company’s pension plans, including significant assumptions utilized in completing actuarial calculations for the plans, is included in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company amended certain provisions of its defined benefit pension plans. Such amendments had the effect of reducing future benefits earned under the plans. The formula was changed to reduce the future accrual of benefits by lowering the accrual percentage and through use of a career-average-pay formula as opposed to the previous final-average-pay formula. The amendments affected benefits earned for service periods beginning after December 31, 2005. Active participants at that time had the choice of electing to remain in the defined benefit plan under the reduced benefit formula or electing to participate in a new qualified defined contribution pension plan. Under the new defined contribution pension plan, the Company makes contributions to the plan each year in an amount that is based on an individual participant’s total compensation (generally defined as total wages, incentive compensation, commissions and bonuses) and years of service. Participants do not contribute to the defined contribution pension plan. New employees are not eligible to participate in the defined benefit plan, but do participate in the defined contribution pension plan. The amendment caused the projected benefit obligation associated with the defined benefit plans to decrease by approximately $98 million as of December 31, 2005. Certain gains associated with the $98 million in pension benefit obligation reduction attributable to employees who remained in the plan are not subject to the ten percent corridor previously noted. Guidance contained in SFAS No. 87 requires that these gains be amortized and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost over the remaining expected service period for active employees. Amortization of these gains had the effect of reducing the Company’s pension expense for 2006 by approximately $7 million.
In addition to the changes described above, the Company also amended its retirement savings plan (“RSP”), effective January 1, 2006, to allow for greater amounts of employee compensation to be eligible for contribution to the RSP. The RSP is a defined contribution plan in which eligible employees of the Company may defer up to 50% of qualified compensation via contributions to the plan. The Company makes an employer matching contribution in an amount equal to 75% of an employee’s contribution, up to 4.5% of the employee’s qualified compensation. RSP expense totaled $21 million in 2006, $17 million in 2005 and $16 million in 2004.
As a result of the amendments to the defined benefit pension plans and the RSP and the introduction of the defined contribution pension plan, the Company hoped to limit increases in future period expenses associated with these plans. Reflecting the impact of these changes, expenses associated with the defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans and the RSP totaled $49 million in 2006, compared with $55 million in 2005 and $46 million in 2004.
Excluding the nonoperating expense items already noted, nonpersonnel operating expenses aggregated $611 million in 2006, up 1% from $606 million in 2005. That increase reflects the $18 million charitable contribution made in 2006. Exclusive of the contribution, nonpersonnel operating expenses decreased $13 million or 2% from 2005, due largely to lower costs for professional services, furniture and equipment. Nonpersonnel operating expenses were $634 million in 2004 and included a $25 million charitable contribution. Excluding the impact of that contribution, other nonpersonnel operating
 
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expenses in 2005 decreased $3 million from 2004. As compared with 2004, a $7 million higher reversal in 2005 of a portion of the valuation allowance for the impairment of capitalized residential mortgage servicing rights, and lower equipment, net occupancy and other operating expenses were partially offset by higher professional services costs. The higher expenses incurred for professional services in 2005 were due in part to several initiatives of the Company, including projects focused on procurement practices, consolidation of loan application systems, revenue enhancement opportunities and operational efficiencies, as well as costs related to the already discussed subordinated note exchange.
 
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $392 million in 2006, compared with $389 million in 2005 and $344 million in 2004. The effective tax rates were 31.9%, 33.2% and 32.3% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decline in the Company’s effective tax rate from 2005 to 2006 reflects higher levels of income that were exempt from tax in certain jurisdictions and a $3 million favorable impact from settlement of refund claims originally filed by Allfirst Financial Inc. prior to its April 1, 2003 acquisition by M&T. The refunds received, consisting of income taxes and taxable interest, exceeded the amounts previously accrued for such items by $5 million (pre-tax). The increase in the effective tax rate from 2004 to 2005 was largely due to the impact of the third quarter 2004 reorganization of two of the Company’s subsidiaries that altered the taxable status of such subsidiaries in certain jurisdictions thereby decreasing the Company’s effective state income tax rate for 2004. As a result of the reorganizations, both income tax expense and deferred tax liabilities at September 30, 2004 were reduced by $12 million.
The effective tax rate in future periods will be affected by the results of operations attributable to the various tax jurisdictions within which the Company operates, any changes in income tax regulations or interpretations of such regulations that differ from the Company’s interpretations by tax authorities within those jurisdictions, and the impact of changes in the accounting for income taxes resulting from the required adoption on January 1, 2007 of FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” The projected impact of that adoption is included herein under the heading “Recent Accounting Developments.” A reconciliation of income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income is provided in note 12 of Notes to Financial Statements.
 
International Activities
The Company’s net investment in international assets totaled $185 million at December 31, 2006 and $230 million at December 31, 2005. Such assets included $176 million and $217 million, respectively, of loans to foreign borrowers. Offshore deposits totaled $5.4 billion at December 31, 2006 and $2.8 billion at December 31, 2005. The Company uses such deposits to facilitate customer demand and as an alternative to short-term borrowings when the costs of such deposits seem reasonable.
 
Liquidity, Market Risk, and Interest Rate Sensitivity
As a financial intermediary, the Company is exposed to various risks, including liquidity and market risk. Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to ensure that sufficient cash flow and liquid assets are available to satisfy current and future financial obligations, including demands for loans and deposit withdrawals, funding operating costs, and for other corporate purposes. Liquidity risk arises whenever the maturities of financial instruments included in assets and liabilities differ.
Core deposits have historically been the most significant funding source for the Company, and are generated from a large base of consumer, corporate and institutional customers. That customer base has, over the past several years, become more geographically diverse as a result of acquisitions and expansion of the Company’s businesses. Nevertheless, in recent years the Company has faced increased competition in offering products and services from a large array of financial market participants, including banks, thrifts, mutual funds, securities dealers and others. Core deposits financed 57% of the Company’s earning assets at each of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, compared with 59% at December 31, 2004.
The Company supplements funding provided through core deposits with various short-term and long-term wholesale borrowings, including federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, brokered certificates of deposit, offshore branch deposits and borrowings from the FHLBs
 
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and others. At December 31, 2006, M&T Bank had short-term and long-term credit facilities with the FHLBs aggregating $6.8 billion. Outstanding borrowings under these credit facilities totaled $3.4 billion and $3.9 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Such borrowings are secured by loans and investment securities. M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. had available lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York of approximately $4.3 billion at December 31, 2006. The amounts of these lines are dependent upon the balances of loans and securities pledged as collateral. There were no borrowings outstanding under these lines of credit at either December 31, 2006 or 2005.
The Company has issued subordinated capital notes from time to time to provide liquidity and enhance regulatory capital ratios. Such notes qualify for inclusion in the Company’s total capital as defined by federal regulators. M&T Bank issued $500 million of subordinated notes in December 2006. The notes bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.629% for ten years and a floating rate thereafter, at a rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus .64%. The notes are redeemable at the Company’s option after the fixed-rate period ends, subject to prior regulatory approval. In December 2005, M&T Bank exchanged $363 million of its 8.0% subordinated notes due 2010 for new fixed rate/floating rate subordinated notes with a par value of $409 million due 2020. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.585% for ten years, while thereafter such notes will bear interest at a floating rate that resets monthly at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 1.215%. The notes are redeemable after the fixed-rate period ends at the Company’s option, subject to regulatory approval. No new funding was received as a result of the exchange. A more detailed description of the 2006 and 2005 subordinated note transactions is included herein under the heading “Net Interest Income/Lending and Funding Activities” and in note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements. As an additional source of funding, in November 2002, the Company entered into a $500 million revolving asset-backed structured borrowing which is collateralized by approximately $565 million of automobile loans and related assets. The automobile loans and related assets have been transferred to a special purpose consolidated subsidiary of M&T Bank. As existing automobile loans of the subsidiary pay down, monthly proceeds, after payment of certain fees and debt service costs, are used by the subsidiary to obtain additional automobile loans from M&T Bank or another of its subsidiaries to replenish the collateral and maintain the existing borrowing base. Additional information about this borrowing is included in note 18 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company has informal and sometimes reciprocal sources of funding available through various arrangements for unsecured short-term borrowings from a wide group of banks and other financial institutions. Short-term federal funds borrowings were $2.3 billion and $4.0 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In general, those borrowings were unsecured and matured on the next business day. As already noted, offshore branch deposits and brokered certificates of deposit have been used by the Company as an alternative to short-term borrowings. Offshore branch deposits also generally mature on the next business day and totaled $5.4 billion and $2.8 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Brokered certificates of deposit have longer maturity terms. Information regarding such deposits is included under the heading “Net Interest Income/Lending and Funding Activities.”
The Company’s ability to obtain funding from these or other sources could be negatively impacted should the Company experience a substantial deterioration in its financial condition or its debt ratings, or should the availability of short-term funding become restricted due to a disruption in the financial markets. The Company attempts to quantify such credit-event risk by modeling scenarios that estimate the liquidity impact resulting from a short-term ratings downgrade over various grading levels. Such impact is estimated by attempting to measure the effect on available unsecured lines of credit, available capacity from secured borrowing sources and securitizable assets. Information about the credit ratings of M&T and M&T Bank is presented in table 13. Additional information regarding the terms and maturities of all of the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings is provided in note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements. In addition to deposits and borrowings, other sources of liquidity include maturities of investment securities and other earning assets, repayments of loans and investment securities, and cash generated from operations, such as fees collected for services.
 
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Table 13
 
DEBT RATINGS
 
             
        Standard
   
    Moody’s   and Poor’s   Fitch
 
M&T Bank Corporation
           
Senior debt
  A3   A−   A−
Subordinated debt
  Baa1   BBB+   BBB+
M&T Bank
           
Short-term deposits
  Prime-1   A-1   F1
Long-term deposits
  A2   A   A
Senior debt
  A2   A   A−
Subordinated debt
  A3   A−   BBB+
 
Certain customers of the Company obtain financing through the issuance of variable rate demand bonds (“VRDBs”). The VRDBs are generally enhanced by direct-pay letters of credit provided by M&T Bank. M&T Bank oftentimes acts as remarketing agent for the VRDBs and, at its discretion, may from time-to-time own some of the VRDBs while such instruments are remarketed. When this occurs, the VRDBs are classified as trading assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Nevertheless, M&T Bank is not contractually obligated to purchase the VRDBs. The value of VRDBs in the Company’s trading account totaled $6 million and $58 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. At both December 31, 2006 and 2005, the VRDBs outstanding backed by M&T Bank letters of credit totaled $1.7 billion. M&T Bank also serves as remarketing agent for most of those bonds.
 
Table 14
 
MATURITY DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED LOANS(a)
 
                                 
December 31, 2006
  Demand     2007     2008-2011     After 2011  
    (In thousands)  
 
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc
  $ 5,040,099     $ 1,132,361     $ 3,610,454     $ 615,443  
Real estate — construction
    565,845       1,623,072       1,170,550       74,995  
                                 
Total
  $ 5,605,944     $ 2,755,433     $ 4,781,004     $ 690,438  
                                 
Floating or adjustable interest rates
                  $ 3,855,531     $ 478,330  
Fixed or predetermined interest rates
                    925,473       212,108  
                                 
Total
                  $ 4,781,004     $ 690,438  
                                 
 
 
(a) The data do not include nonaccrual loans.
 
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual obligations which require future cash payments. The contractual amounts and timing of those payments as of December 31, 2006 are summarized in table 15. Off-balance sheet commitments to customers may impact liquidity, including commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, commercial letters of credit, financial guarantees and indemnification contracts, and commitments to sell real estate loans. Because many of these commitments or contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows. Further discussion of these commitments is provided in note 20 of Notes to Financial Statements. Table 15 summarizes the Company’s other commitments as of December 31, 2006 and the timing of the expiration of such commitments.
 
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Table 15
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OTHER COMMITMENTS
 
                                         
    Less Than One
    One to Three
    Three to Five
    Over Five
       
December 31, 2006
  Year     Years     Years     Years     Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Payments due for contractual obligations
                                       
Time deposits
  $ 9,426,681     $ 1,642,369     $ 331,423     $ 90,156     $ 11,490,629  
Deposits at foreign office
    5,429,668                         5,429,668  
Federal funds purchased and agreements to repurchase securities
    2,531,684                         2,531,684  
Other short-term borrowings
    562,530                         562,530  
Long-term borrowings
    518,543       2,806,147       532,807       3,033,244       6,890,741  
Operating leases
    43,931       74,784       48,829       66,757       234,301  
Other
    18,968       19,131       11,139       34,328       83,566  
                                         
Total
  $ 18,532,005     $ 4,542,431     $ 924,198     $ 3,224,485     $ 27,223,119  
                                         
Other commitments
                                       
Commitments to extend credit
  $ 6,820,835     $ 4,317,118     $ 4,220,081     $ 1,683,461     $ 17,041,495  
Standby letters of credit
    1,471,079       1,192,282       752,319       207,180       3,622,860  
Commercial letters of credit
    25,626       1,110       3,473             30,209  
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts
    19,194       78,762       159,882       778,279       1,036,117  
Commitments to sell real estate loans
    1,932,306                         1,932,306  
                                         
Total
  $ 10,269,040     $ 5,589,272     $ 5,135,755     $ 2,668,920     $ 23,662,987  
                                         
 
M&T’s primary source of funds to pay for operating expenses, shareholder dividends and common stock repurchases has historically been the receipt of dividends from its banking subsidiaries, which are subject to various regulatory limitations. Dividends from any banking subsidiary to M&T are limited by the amount of earnings of the banking subsidiary in the current year and the two preceding years. For purposes of the test, approximately $108 million at December 31, 2006 was available for payment of dividends to M&T from banking subsidiaries without prior regulatory approval. These historic sources of cash flow have been augmented in the past by the issuance of trust preferred securities. Information regarding trust preferred securities and the related junior subordinated debentures is included in note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements. M&T also maintains a $30 million line of credit with an unaffiliated commercial bank, of which there were no borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2006. A similar $30 million line of credit was entirely available for borrowing at December 31, 2005.
 
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Table 16
 
MATURITY AND TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT YIELD OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
 
                                         
    One Year
    One to Five
    Five to Ten
    Over Ten
       
December 31, 2006
  or Less     Years     Years     Years     Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Investment securities available for sale(a)
                                       
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
                                       
Carrying value
  $ 29,524     $ 236,351     $ 206,489     $ 1,512     $ 473,876  
Yield
    3.17 %     3.72 %     6.11 %     4.48 %     4.73 %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
                                       
Carrying value
    13,131       16,855       33,669       7,116       70,771  
Yield
    5.70 %     6.14 %     4.77 %     7.94 %     5.59 %
Mortgage-backed securities(b)
                                       
Government issued or guaranteed
                                       
Carrying value
    142,696       523,737       528,114       713,161       1,907,708  
Yield
    3.70 %     3.82 %     3.94 %     4.78 %     4.20 %
Privately issued
                                       
Carrying value
    88,152       374,667       373,319       2,960,392       3,796,530  
Yield
    4.23 %     4.96 %     5.15 %     4.92 %     4.93 %
Other debt securities
                                       
Carrying value
    3,991       10,154       3,504       132,258       149,907  
Yield
    4.92 %     4.78 %     5.27 %     7.03 %     6.78 %
Equity securities
                                       
Carrying value
                            431,056  
Yield
                            5.48 %
                                         
Total investment securities available for sale
                                       
Carrying value
    277,494       1,161,764       1,145,095       3,814,439       6,829,848  
Yield
    3.92 %     4.21 %     4.75 %     4.97 %     4.79 %
                                         
Investment securities held to maturity
                                       
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
                                       
Carrying value
    42,166       6,815       9,319       1,136       59,436  
Yield
    5.64 %     7.08 %     9.63 %     7.79 %     6.47 %
Other debt securities
                                       
Carrying value
                467       4,996       5,463  
Yield
                8.30 %     5.59 %     5.82 %
                                         
Total investment securities held to maturity
                                       
Carrying value
    42,166       6,815       9,786       6,132       64,899  
Yield
    5.64 %     7.08 %     9.57 %     6.00 %     6.42 %
                                         
Other investment securities
                            356,851  
                                         
Total investment securities
                                       
Carrying value
  $ 319,660     $ 1,168,579     $ 1,154,881     $ 3,820,571     $ 7,251,598  
Yield
    4.15 %     4.23 %     4.79 %     4.97 %     4.57 %
                                         
 
 
(a) Investment securities available for sale are presented at estimated fair value. Yields on such securities are based on amortized cost.
(b) Maturities are reflected based upon contractual payments due. Actual maturities are expected to be significantly shorter as a result of loan repayments in the underlying mortgage pools.
 
Management closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position for compliance with internal policies and believes that available sources of liquidity are adequate to meet funding needs in the normal course of business. Management does not anticipate engaging in any activities, either currently or in the long-term, for which adequate funding would not be available and would therefore result in a significant strain on liquidity at either M&T or its subsidiary banks.
 
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Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in the market prices and/or interest rates of the Company’s financial instruments. Interest rate risk is the primary market risk to which the Company is exposed. Interest rate risk arises from the Company’s core banking activities of lending and deposit-taking, because assets and liabilities reprice at different times and by different amounts as interest rates change. As a result, net interest income earned by the Company is subject to the effects of changing interest rates. The Company measures interest rate risk by calculating the variability of net interest income in future periods under various interest rate scenarios using projected balances for earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and derivatives used to hedge interest rate risk. Management’s philosophy toward interest rate risk management is to limit the variability of net interest income. The balances of financial instruments used in the projections are based on expected growth from forecasted business opportunities, anticipated prepayments of loans and investment securities, and expected maturities of investment securities, loans and deposits. Management uses a “value of equity” model to supplement the modeling technique described above. Those supplemental analyses are based on discounted cash flows associated with on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments. Such analyses are modeled to reflect changes in interest rates and non-parallel shifts in the maturity curve of interest rates and provide management with a long-term interest rate risk metric. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to help manage exposure to interest rate risk. At December 31, 2006, the aggregate notional amount of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes was $1.0 billion. Information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes is included herein under “Net Interest Income/Lending and Funding Activities” and in note 17 of Notes to Financial Statements.
 
Table 17
 
MATURITY OF DOMESTIC CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT AND TIME DEPOSITS
WITH BALANCES OF $100,000 OR MORE
 
         
    December 31, 2006  
    (In thousands)  
 
Under 3 months
  $ 2,478,317  
3 to 6 months
    1,561,755  
6 to 12 months
    634,145  
Over 12 months
    863,789  
         
Total
  $ 5,538,006  
         
 
The Company’s Risk Management Committee, which includes members of senior management, monitors the sensitivity of the Company’s net interest income to changes in interest rates with the aid of a computer model that forecasts net interest income under different interest rate scenarios. In modeling changing interest rates, the Company considers different yield curve shapes that consider both parallel (that is, simultaneous changes in interest rates at each point on the yield curve) and non-parallel (that is, allowing interest rates at points on the yield curve to vary by different amounts) shifts in the yield curve. In utilizing the model, market implied forward interest rates over the subsequent twelve months are generally used to determine a base interest rate scenario for the net interest income simulation. That calculated base net interest income is then compared to the income calculated under the varying interest rate scenarios. The model considers the impact of ongoing lending and deposit-gathering activities, as well as interrelationships in the magnitude and timing of the repricing of financial instruments, including the effect of changing interest rates on expected prepayments and maturities. When deemed prudent, management has taken actions to mitigate exposure to interest rate risk through the use of on-or off-balance sheet financial instruments and intends to do so in the future. Possible actions include, but are not limited to, changes in the pricing of loan and deposit products, modifying the composition of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and adding to, modifying or terminating existing interest rate swap agreements or other financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes.
 
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Table 18 displays as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 the estimated impact on net interest income from non-trading financial instruments in the base scenario described above resulting from parallel changes in interest rates across repricing categories during the first modeling year.
 
Table 18
 
SENSITIVITY OF NET INTEREST INCOME TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES
 
                     
        Calculated Increase
 
        (Decrease) in Projected
 
        Net Interest Income
 
        December 31  
Changes in Interest Rates
  2006     2005  
        (Dollars in thousands)  
 
+
  200 basis points   $ 15,098     $ (7,178 )
+
  100 basis points     13,260       (4,096 )
  100 basis points     (12,759 )     (5,733 )
                     
  200 basis points     (26,546 )     (16,184 )
 
The Company utilized many assumptions to calculate the impact that changes in interest rates may have on net interest income. The more significant of those assumptions included the rate of prepayments of mortgage-related assets, cash flows from derivative and other financial instruments held for non-trading purposes, loan and deposit volumes and pricing, and deposit maturities. In the scenarios presented, the Company also assumed gradual changes in rates during a twelve-month period of 100 and 200 basis points, as compared with the assumed base scenario. In the event that a 100 or 200 basis point rate change cannot be achieved, the applicable rate changes are limited to lesser amounts such that interest rates cannot be less than zero. The assumptions used in interest rate sensitivity modeling are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the Company cannot precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may differ significantly due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and interest rate differentials (spreads) between maturity/repricing categories, as well as any actions, such as those previously described, which management may take to counter such changes. In light of the uncertainties and assumptions associated with the process, the amounts presented in the table and changes in such amounts are not considered significant to the Company’s past or projected net interest income.
In accordance with industry practice, table 19 presents cumulative totals of net assets (liabilities) repricing on a contractual basis within the specified time frames, as adjusted for the impact of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes. Management believes that this measure does not appropriately depict interest rate risk since changes in interest rates do not necessarily affect all categories of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities equally nor, as assumed in the table, on the contractual maturity or repricing date. Furthermore, this static presentation of interest rate risk fails to consider the effect of ongoing lending and deposit gathering activities, projected changes in balance sheet composition or any subsequent interest rate risk management activities the Company is likely to implement.
 
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Table 19
CONTRACTUAL REPRICING DATA
 
                                         
    Three Months
    Four to Twelve
    One to
    After
       
December 31, 2006
  or Less     Months     Five Years     Five Years     Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Loans and leases, net
  $ 20,521,055     $ 3,684,677     $ 10,330,431     $ 8,411,134     $ 42,947,297  
Investment securities
    624,657       593,873       3,702,936       2,330,132       7,251,598  
Other earning assets
    179,135       850                   179,985  
                                         
Total earning assets
    21,324,847       4,279,400       14,033,367       10,741,266       50,378,880  
                                         
NOW accounts
    940,439                         940,439  
Savings deposits
    14,169,790                         14,169,790  
Time deposits
    5,817,393       4,375,761       1,246,242       51,233       11,490,629  
Deposits at foreign office
    5,428,596       1,072                   5,429,668  
                                         
Total interest-bearing deposits
    26,356,218       4,376,833       1,246,242       51,233       32,030,526  
                                         
Short-term borrowings
    3,094,214                         3,094,214  
Long-term borrowings
    3,215,107       198,353       837,359       2,639,922       6,890,741  
                                         
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    32,665,539       4,575,186       2,083,601       2,691,155       42,015,481  
                                         
Interest rate swaps
    (922,241 )     205,000       177,241       540,000        
                                         
Periodic gap
  $ (12,262,933 )   $ (90,786 )   $ 12,127,007     $ 8,590,111          
Cumulative gap
    (12,262,933 )     (12,353,719 )     (226,712 )     8,363,399          
Cumulative gap as a % of total earning assets
    (24.3 )%     (24.5 )%     (0.5 )%     16.6 %        
 
The Company engages in trading activities to meet the financial needs of customers, to fund the Company’s obligations under certain deferred compensation plans and, to a limited extent, to profit from perceived market opportunities. Financial instruments utilized in trading activities have included forward and futures contracts related to foreign currencies and mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasury and other government securities, mortgage-backed securities, mutual funds and interest rate contracts, such as swap agreements. The Company generally mitigates the foreign currency and interest rate risk associated with trading activities by entering into offsetting trading positions. The amounts of gross and net trading positions, as well as the type of trading activities conducted by the Company, are subject to a well-defined series of potential loss exposure limits established by management and approved by M&T’s Board of Directors. However, as with any non-government guaranteed financial instrument, the Company is exposed to credit risk associated with counterparties to the Company’s trading activities.
The notional amounts of interest rate contracts entered into for trading purposes aggregated $7.6 billion at December 31, 2006 and $6.7 billion at December 31, 2005. The notional amounts of foreign currency and other option and futures contracts entered into for trading purposes totaled $613 million and $679 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Although the notional amounts of these trading contracts are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, the fair values of all financial instruments used for trading activities are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet. The fair values of trading account assets and liabilities were $137 million and $65 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006 and $192 million and $77 million, respectively, at December 31, 2005. Included in trading account assets at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were $45 million and $41 million, respectively, of assets related to deferred compensation plans. Changes in the fair value of such assets are recorded as trading account and foreign exchange gains in the consolidated statement of income. Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were $49 million and $48 million, respectively, of liabilities related to deferred compensation plans. Changes in the balances of
 
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such liabilities due to the valuation of allocated investment options to which the liabilities are indexed are recorded in “other costs of operations” in the consolidated statement of income.
Given the Company’s policies, limits and positions, management believes that the potential loss exposure to the Company resulting from market risk associated with trading activities was not material, however, as previously noted, the Company is exposed to credit risk associated with counterparties to transactions associated with the Company’s trading activities. Additional information related to trading derivative contracts is included in note 17 of Notes to Financial Statements.
 
Capital
Stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2006 totaled $6.3 billion and represented 11.01% of total assets, compared with $5.9 billion or 10.66% at December 31, 2005 and $5.7 billion or 10.82% at December 31, 2004. On a per share basis, stockholders’ equity was $56.94 at December 31, 2006, up 9% from $52.39 at the 2005 year-end and 15% higher than $49.68 at December 31, 2004. Tangible equity per share was $28.57 at December 31, 2006, compared with $25.91 and $23.62 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. In the calculation of tangible equity per common share, stockholders’ equity is reduced by the carrying values of goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets, net of applicable deferred tax balances. A reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity and tangible equity as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 is presented in table 2. The ratio of average total stockholders’ equity to average total assets was 10.82%, 10.71% and 11.07% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Stockholders’ equity reflects accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which includes the net after-tax impact of unrealized gains or losses on investment securities classified as available for sale; unrealized fair value gains or losses associated with interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges; minimum pension liability adjustments; and the impact of applying SFAS No. 158. Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities were $25 million, or $.23 per common share, at December 31, 2006, compared with losses of $49 million, or $.43 per common share, at December 31, 2005 and $5 million, or $.04 per common share, at December 31, 2004. Such unrealized losses are generally due to changes in interest rates and represent the difference, net of applicable income tax effect, between the estimated fair value and amortized cost of investment securities classified as available for sale. There were no outstanding interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges at December 31, 2006, 2005 or 2004. Adjustments to reflect the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, net of applicable tax effect, included in accumulated other comprehensive income reduced stockholders’ equity by $28 million at December 31, 2006, or $.26 per share. Similar adjustments to recognize minimum pension liabilities as then required by SFAS No. 87, net of applicable tax effect, reduced stockholders’ equity by $49 million or $.44 per share at December 31, 2005 and $12 million or $.11 per share at December 31, 2004. Information about the funded status of the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans is included in note 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
Cash dividends paid in 2006 on M&T’s common stock totaled $250 million, compared with $199 million and $188 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. M&T increased the quarterly dividend on its common stock in the second quarter of 2005 from $.40 to $.45 per share, and again in the second quarter of 2006 to $.60 per share. Dividends per common share totaled $2.25 in 2006, up 29% from $1.75 in 2005 and 41% above $1.60 in 2004.
M&T repurchased 3,259,000 shares of its common stock in 2006, 4,891,800 shares in 2005 and 6,520,800 shares in 2004, at a cost of $374 million, $510 million and $610 million, respectively. In December 2004, M&T had announced a plan to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its common stock. That repurchase plan was completed in December 2005. In November 2005, M&T announced that it had been authorized by its Board of Directors to purchase up to an additional 5,000,000 shares of its common stock. Through December 31, 2006, M&T had repurchased a total of 3,303,700 shares of common stock pursuant to such plan at an average cost of $114.66 per share.
Federal regulators generally require banking institutions to maintain “core capital” and “total capital” ratios of at least 4% and 8%, respectively, of risk-adjusted total assets. In addition to the risk-based measures, Federal bank regulators have also implemented a minimum “leverage” ratio guideline of
 
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3% of the quarterly average of total assets. As of December 31, 2006, core capital included $689 million of the trust preferred securities described in note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements and total capital further included $1.4 billion of subordinated capital notes. As previously noted, in December 2006, M&T Bank issued $500 million of fixed rate/floating rate subordinated notes due 2021. The new notes bear interest at a fixed coupon rate of 5.629% for ten years, while thereafter such notes will bear interest at a floating rate that resets monthly at a rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus .64%. The notes are redeemable after the fixed-rate period ends at M&T’s option, subject to regulatory approval.
The capital ratios of the Company and its banking subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 are presented in note 22 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company generates significant amounts of regulatory capital. The rate of regulatory core capital generation, or net operating income (as previously defined) less the sum of dividends paid and the after-tax effect of merger-related expenses expressed as a percentage of regulatory “core capital” at the beginning of each year, was 17.52% in 2006, 18.50% in 2005 and 18.12% in 2004.
 
Fourth Quarter Results
Net income increased 4% to $213 million during the fourth quarter of 2006 from $205 million in the year-earlier quarter. Diluted and basic earnings per share were $1.88 and $1.93, respectively, in the final quarter of 2006, compared with $1.78 and $1.82, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2005. The annualized rates of return on average assets and average common stockholders’ equity for the fourth quarter of 2006 were 1.50% and 13.55%, respectively, compared with 1.48% and 13.85%, respectively, in the year-earlier period.
Net operating income rose 6% to $225 million in the fourth quarter of 2006 from $213 million in 2005’s final quarter. Diluted net operating earnings per share increased 7% to $1.98 in the recently completed quarter from $1.85 in the fourth quarter of 2005. The annualized net operating returns on average tangible assets and average tangible common equity were 1.67% and 28.71%, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2006, compared with 1.63% and 29.12%, respectively, in the corresponding 2005 quarter. Core deposit and other intangible asset amortization, after tax effect, totaled $11 million ($.10 per diluted share) and $8 million ($.07 per diluted share) in the fourth quarters of 2006 and 2005, respectively. Reconciliations of GAAP results with non-GAAP results for the quarterly periods of 2006 and 2005 are provided in table 21.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income rose 4% to $472 million in the final quarter of 2006 from $454 million in the year-earlier quarter. That growth was the result of a 3% increase in average earning assets and a widening of the Company’s net interest margin. Average earning assets totaled $50.2 billion in the last quarter of 2006, compared with $48.8 billion in the year-earlier period. Average loans and leases for the recently completed quarter totaled $42.5 billion, up 5% from $40.4 billion during the final quarter of 2005. A $1.1 billion increase in commercial real estate loans, an $863 million rise in residential real estate loans, and a $786 million increase in commercial loans were the leading contributors to the growth in average loans outstanding. The yield on earning assets was 6.92% in the fourth quarter of 2006, up 76 basis points from 6.16% in the fourth quarter of 2005. The rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 3.83% in the last quarter of 2006, 85 basis points higher than 2.98% in the corresponding period in 2005. The resulting net interest spread was 3.09% in the recent quarter, down 9 basis points from 3.18% in the fourth quarter of 2005. That decline reflects the impact of higher interest rates in 2006 that resulted in short-term interest rates associated with borrowings and many deposits rising more than longer-term interest rates associated with many loan products. However, the contribution of net interest free funds to the Company’s net interest margin rose to .64% in the final 2006 quarter from .51% in the year-earlier quarter. That rise reflects the impact of higher interest rates on interest-bearing liabilities used to value such contribution. As a result, the Company’s net interest margin improved to 3.73% in the recent quarter from 3.69% in the final quarter of 2005.
The provision for credit losses was $28 million during the three-month period ended December 31, 2006, compared with $23 million in the year-earlier period. Net charge-offs of loans were $24 million in 2006’s fourth quarter, representing an annualized .23% of average loans and leases outstanding, compared with $23 million or .22% during the final three months of 2005.
 
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Other income totaled $256 million in the final quarter of 2006, up 3% from $249 million in the year-earlier quarter, due in part to higher revenues from trust and brokerage services activities, service charges on deposit accounts and income from bank owned life insurance, partially offset by a decline in mortgage banking revenues.
Other expense in the fourth quarter of 2006 increased 4% to $384 million from $369 million in the fourth quarter of 2005. Included in such amounts are expenses considered to be “nonoperating” in nature consisting of amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets of $19 million and $13 million in the final quarter of 2006 and 2005, respectively. Exclusive of these nonoperating expenses, noninterest operating expenses were $365 million in the recently completed quarter, up 2% from $356 million in the last three months of 2005. Higher costs for salaries and a $1 million increase to the valuation allowance for the impairment of capitalized residential mortgage servicing rights in the fourth quarter of 2006, compared with a reversal of a portion of such valuation allowance of $6 million in the year-earlier quarter, were the leading contributors to that rise in operating expense. The Company’s efficiency ratio during the fourth quarter of 2006 and 2005 was 50.2% and 50.7%, respectively. Table 21 includes a reconciliation of other expense to noninterest operating expense for each of the quarters of 2006 and 2005.
 
Segment Information
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company’s reportable segments have been determined based upon its internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business unit. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The reportable segments are Commercial Banking, Commercial Real Estate, Discretionary Portfolio, Residential Mortgage Banking and Retail Banking.
The financial information of the Company’s segments was compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in note 21 of Notes to Financial Statements. The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to GAAP. As a result, reported segments and the financial information of the reported segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial data. Financial information about the Company’s segments is presented in note 21 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Commercial Banking segment provides a wide range of credit products and banking services for middle-market and large commercial customers, largely within the markets served by the Company. Services provided by this segment include commercial lending and leasing, deposit products, and cash management services. Net income earned by the Commercial Banking segment rose 3% to $226 million in 2006 from $219 million in 2005. That improvement was primarily the result of a $25 million rise in net interest income, partially offset by increased noninterest expenses, most significantly higher personnel costs of $7 million. The higher net interest income was predominantly due to a widening of the net interest margin and an 8% increase in average loan balances outstanding, offset, in part, by a 17% decrease in average demand deposit balances. In 2004, this segment’s net income aggregated $213 million. The favorable performance in 2005 as compared to 2004 was due largely to an increase in net interest income of $21 million, mainly the result of a 7% increase in loan balances outstanding, partially offset by a $9 million increase in noninterest expenses, due predominantly to higher personnel costs.
The Commercial Real Estate segment provides credit and deposit services to its customers. Real estate securing loans in this segment is generally located in the New York City metropolitan area, upstate New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, the District of Columbia, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia and the northwestern portion of the United States. Commercial real estate loans may be secured by apartment/multifamily buildings; office, retail and industrial space; or other types of collateral. Activities of this segment also include the origination, sales and servicing of commercial real estate loans through the FNMA DUS program and other programs. This segment contributed net income of $135 million in 2006, down 6% from the $143 million earned in 2005. The decline was the result of an $8 million
 
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decrease in net interest income, predominantly due to a narrowing of net interest margin on loans outstanding, higher noninterest expenses of $6 million and lower commercial mortgage credit-related fees and other revenues of $4 million. Net income in 2005 for the Commercial Real Estate segment was 13% above the $126 million earned in 2004. That improvement was due to an increase in net interest income of $19 million that resulted from higher average loan balances and a wider margin associated with deposits, a $4 million rise in commercial mortgage banking revenues and a lower provision for credit losses of $5 million.
The Discretionary Portfolio segment includes investment and trading securities, residential mortgage loans and other assets; short-term and long-term borrowed funds; brokered certificates of deposit and interest rate swap agreements related thereto; and offshore branch deposits. This segment also provides foreign exchange services to customers. Included in the assets of the Discretionary Portfolio segment are the preferred stock issuances of FNMA and FHLMC owned by the Company. The Discretionary Portfolio segment recorded net income of $96 million in 2006, 3% higher than $93 million in 2005. Contributing to that increase were the $29 million other-than-temporary impairment charge related to preferred stock issuances of FNMA and FHLMC reflected in 2005’s results and the $13 million gain in 2006 resulting from the accelerated recognition of a purchase accounting premium related to the call of an FHLB borrowing assumed in a previous acquisition. Partially offsetting these favorable factors was a $39 million decrease in net interest income resulting from a 58 basis point narrowing of the net interest margin on investment securities and a $470 million decline in the average balance of the segment’s portfolio of investment securities. Net income contributed by the Discretionary Portfolio segment was $112 million in 2004. The 17% decline in 2005 as compared with 2004 was predominantly the result of the previously mentioned other-than temporary impairment charge reflected in 2005’s results.
The Residential Mortgage Banking segment originates and services residential mortgage loans for consumers and sells substantially all of those loans in the secondary market to investors or to bank subsidiaries of M&T. This segment also originates and services loans to developers of residential real estate properties. In addition to the geographic regions served by or contiguous with the Company’s branch network, the Company maintains mortgage loan origination offices in several states throughout the southern and western United States. The Company also periodically purchases the rights to service mortgage loans. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are included in this segment. The Residential Mortgage Banking segment’s net income rose 21% to $52 million in 2006 from $43 million in 2005. The improved performance was predominantly due to an 11% increase in noninterest revenues resulting from higher income from servicing mortgage loans of $10 million and increased gains from the sales of loans to the Discretionary Portfolio segment of $9 million. Also contributing to the improvement was an $8 million increase in net interest income, mainly due to a 30% increase in balances of loans held for sale, net of a 52 basis point decline in net interest margin associated with such loan balances. Partially offsetting these favorable factors were higher salaries and benefits expenses of $8 million and other noninterest expenses of $4 million. Included in noninterest expenses were partial reversals of the capitalized mortgage servicing rights valuation allowance of $10 million and $8 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Net income for the Residential Mortgage Banking segment totaled $29 million in 2004. The 50% increase in net income from 2004 to 2005 was due predominantly to higher noninterest revenues of $20 million, resulting from loan origination, sales and servicing activities, and higher net interest income of $10 million, attributable primarily to an increase in average loan balances outstanding. Also contributing to the segment’s improved performance from 2004 to 2005 was the effect of an $8 million partial reversal of the capitalized mortgage servicing rights valuation allowance recognized during 2005, compared with a $2 million partial reversal of such allowance recognized during 2004. Partially offsetting revenue growth was a $14 million increase in salaries and benefits expenses. Gains from the sales of loans to the Company’s Discretionary Portfolio segment were $19 million, $10 million and $9 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
The Retail Banking segment offers a variety of services to consumers and small businesses through several delivery channels which include banking offices, automated teller machines, telephone banking and Internet banking. The Company has banking offices in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, West Virginia and Delaware. Effective January 2, 2007, M&T Bank
 
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opened its first banking office in New Jersey. The Retail Banking segment also offers certain deposit and loan products on a nationwide basis through M&T Bank, N.A. Credit services offered by this segment include consumer installment loans, student loans, automobile loans (originated both directly and indirectly through dealers), home equity loans and lines of credit, and loans and leases to small businesses. The segment also offers to its customers deposit products, including demand, savings and time accounts; investment products, including mutual funds and annuities; and other services. Net income for the Retail Banking segment aggregated $410 million in 2006, up 26% from $325 million in 2005. The favorable performance was primarily due to an increase in net interest income of $119 million, largely resulting from a widening net interest margin on deposit products. Also contributing to the improvement were higher service charges on deposit accounts of $16 million. The Retail Banking segment recorded net income of $251 million in 2004. The 30% increase from 2004 to 2005 was due predominantly to increases in net interest income of $81 million, largely attributable to an increase in net interest margin on deposit products. Higher service charges on deposit accounts and other fee income of $21 million, lower noninterest expenses of $13 million, and a $10 million decline in the provision for credit losses also contributed to the rise in net income from 2004 to 2005.
The “All Other” category reflects other activities of the Company that are not directly attributable to the reported segments as determined in accordance with SFAS No. 131, such as the M&T Investment Group, which includes the Company’s trust, brokerage and insurance businesses. Also reflected in this category are the amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets resulting from acquisitions of financial institutions, the net impact of the Company’s allocation methodologies for internal funds transfer pricing and the provision for credit losses, and, in 2006, acquisition and integration-related expenses resulting from the branch acquisition completed by M&T Bank on June 30, 2006. The various components of the “All Other” category resulted in net losses of $80 million, $41 million and $9 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Company’s allocation methodologies for internal transfers for funding charges and credits associated with earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities of the Company’s reportable segments was the main factor for the increased net loss in 2006. Also contributing to the net loss were the previously mentioned $18 million charitable contribution made to The M&T Charitable Foundation and higher charges for amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets and merger-related expenses incurred as a result of the branch acquisition of $17 million and $5 million, respectively. The higher net loss incurred during 2005 as compared with 2004 resulted largely from the Company’s allocation methodologies for internal transfers for funding charges and credits associated with earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities of the Company’s reportable segments and the provision for credit losses. Noninterest expenses in 2004 were $44 million higher than in 2005, reflecting 2004’s $25 million contribution to The M&T Charitable Foundation and a $19 million higher charge for amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets. The 2004 net loss also reflected the $12 million reduction in income tax expense resulting from the reorganization of certain of M&T’s subsidiaries.
 
Recent Accounting Developments
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments — an amendment to FASB Statements No. 133 and 140.” SFAS No. 155 permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation. As a result, such instruments would be accounted for in one of two ways. Under the first allowable method, an entity would bifurcate the embedded derivative feature and record the bifurcated derivative at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value of the bifurcated derivative would be reported in earnings. As an alternative, an entity could elect not to bifurcate the embedded derivative but instead record the entire financial instrument at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value of the security being reported in earnings. SFAS No. 155 also clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS No. 133 and establishes a requirement to evaluate interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation. SFAS No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. Earlier adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year, provided the entity has not yet issued financial statements, including financial statements for any interim period for that fiscal year. The Company
 
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adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 155 as of January 1, 2007 and does not anticipate that the impact of such adoption will be material to its financial position or results of operations.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.” SFAS No. 156 defines the situations in which an entity should recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability when it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract. SFAS No. 156 requires all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and permits an entity to choose its subsequent measurement method for each class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities as either the amortization method or fair value measurement method. The amortization method requires that servicing assets and servicing liabilities be amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income or net servicing loss and assessed for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date. The fair value measurement method requires servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be measured at fair value at each reporting date and requires entities to report changes in fair value of servicing assets and liabilities in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. SFAS No. 156 requires prospective adoption as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. Earlier adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year, provided the entity has not yet issued financial statements, including interim financial statements, for any period of that fiscal year. An entity may elect to subsequently measure a class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value as of the beginning of any fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year in which the entity adopts this statement. Upon such election, which is irrevocable, the effect of remeasuring an existing class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value should be reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year. Currently, the Company initially measures servicing assets retained in sales and securitization transactions for which it is the transferor under the relative fair value method prescribed in SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” and subsequently measures its servicing assets under the amortization method. The Company has not early-adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 156 and currently does not intend to adopt the fair value measurement method for any classes of separately recognized servicing assets in 2007. The adoption of SFAS No. 156 on January 1, 2007, therefore, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies to fair value measurements required or permitted under other accounting pronouncements, but does not require any new fair value measurements. The definition of fair value is clarified by SFAS No. 157 to be the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 expands disclosures about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities in interim and annual periods subsequent to initial recognition. The disclosures focus on the inputs used to measure fair value and the effect of the measurements on earnings for the period. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The provisions generally should be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which SFAS No. 157 is applied, with certain provisions required to be applied retrospectively. Many of the Company’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions are required to either be accounted for or disclosed using fair value as their relevant measurement attribute. Given the pervasiveness of fair value measurements throughout the Company’s financial statements, the Company has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on its financial statements.
In July 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 prescribes the accounting method to be applied to measure uncertainty in income taxes recognized under SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 establishes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The evaluation of an uncertain tax position in accordance with FIN No. 48 is a two-step process. The first step is recognition, which requires
 
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a determination whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is measurement. Under the measurement step, a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. FIN No. 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of FIN No. 48 shall be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets) for that fiscal year. The adoption of FIN No. 48 on January 1, 2007 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, but will likely increase the Company’s effective income tax rate by approximately .75% to 1.0% from what it otherwise would have been.
In July 2006, the FASB adopted FASB Staff Position No. 13-2, “Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction” (“FSP 13-2”). FSP 13-2 requires that a change or projected change in the timing of cash flows relating to income taxes generated by a leveraged lease shall be accounted for in accordance with the guidance in paragraph 46 of SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” That is, the projected timing of income tax cash flows generated by a leveraged lease transaction shall be reviewed annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that a change in timing has occurred or is projected to occur. If, during the lease term, the projected timing of income tax cash flows generated by a leveraged lease is revised, the rate of return and the allocation of income to positive investment years shall be recalculated from inception of the lease following the method described in paragraph 44 of SFAS No. 13. The guidance in FSP 13-2 shall be applied to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of FSP 13-2 shall be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company does not expect that the adoption of FSP 13-2 on January 1, 2007 will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
At its September 2006 meeting, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a final consensus on Issue 06-04, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” The consensus stipulates that an agreement by an employer to share a portion of the proceeds of a life insurance policy with an employee during the postretirement period is a postretirement benefit arrangement required to be accounted for under SFAS No. 106 or Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 12, “Omnibus Opinion — 1967.” The consensus concludes that the purchase of a split-dollar life insurance policy does not constitute a settlement under SFAS No. 106 and, therefore, a liability for the postretirement obligation must be recognized under SFAS No. 106 if the benefit is offered under an arrangement that constitutes a plan or under APB No. 12 if it is not part of a plan. Issue 06-04 is effective for annual or interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2007. The provisions of Issue 06-04 should be applied through either a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption or retrospective application. The Company has endorsement split-dollar life insurance policies that it inherited through certain acquisitions that are associated with employees who are no longer active. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the provisions of Issue 06-04 will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Also at its September 2006 meeting, the EITF reached a final consensus on Issue 06-05, “Accounting for Purchases of Life Insurance — Determining the Amount That Could be Realized in Accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin No. 85-4.” The consensus concludes that in determining the amount that could be realized under an insurance contract accounted for under FASB Technical Bulletin No. 85-4, “Accounting for Purchases of Life Insurance,” the policyholder should (1) consider any additional amounts included in the contractual terms of the policy; (2) assume the surrender value on a individual-life by individual-life policy basis; and (3) not discount the cash surrender value component
 
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of the amount that could be realized when contractual restrictions on the ability to surrender a policy exist. Issue 06-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The consensus in Issue 06-05 should be adopted through either (1) a change in accounting principle through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earning as of the beginning of the year of adoption or (2) a change in accounting principle through retrospective application to all prior periods. At December 31, 2006, the Company had bank owned life insurance policies with a carrying value of $1.1 billion. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the provisions of Issue 06-05 on January 1, 2007 will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of the Company’s Annual Report contain forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s business, management’s beliefs and assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (“Future Factors”) which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements.
Future Factors include changes in interest rates, spreads on earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and interest rate sensitivity; prepayment speeds, loan originations and credit losses; sources of liquidity; common shares outstanding; common stock price volatility; fair value of and number of stock-based compensation awards to be issued in future periods; legislation affecting the financial services industry as a whole, and/or M&T and its subsidiaries individually or collectively; regulatory supervision and oversight, including required capital levels; increasing price and product/service competition by competitors, including new entrants; rapid technological developments and changes; the ability to continue to introduce competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis; the mix of products/services; containing costs and expenses; governmental and public policy changes; protection and validity of intellectual property rights; reliance on large customers; technological, implementation and cost/financial risks in large, multi-year contracts; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings; continued availability of financing; financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support the Company’s future businesses; and material differences in the actual financial results of merger and acquisition activities compared with the Company’s expectations, including the full realization of anticipated cost savings and revenue enhancements.
These are representative of the Future Factors that could affect the outcome of the forward-looking statements. In addition, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates, general economic and political conditions, either nationally or in the states in which the Company conducts business, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations, changes and trends in the securities markets, and other Future Factors.
 
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Table 20
 
QUARTERLY TRENDS
 
                                                                 
    2006 Quarters     2005 Quarters  
    Fourth     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third     Second     First  
 
Earnings and dividends
                                                               
Amounts in thousands, except per share
                                                               
Interest income (taxable-equivalent basis)
  $ 876,197     $ 858,008     $ 817,552     $ 782,003     $ 757,654     $ 725,129     $ 680,781     $ 642,441  
Interest expense
    404,356       395,652       366,298       330,246       303,493       265,576       229,016       196,266  
                                                                 
Net interest income
    471,841       462,356       451,254       451,757       454,161       459,553       451,765       446,175  
Less: provision for credit losses
    28,000       17,000       17,000       18,000       23,000       22,000       19,000       24,000  
Other income
    256,417       273,902       262,602       252,931       248,604       221,494       245,362       234,258  
Less: other expense
    383,810       408,941       376,997       382,003       369,114       368,250       380,441       367,337  
                                                                 
Income before income taxes
    316,448       310,317       319,859       304,685       310,651       290,797       297,686       289,096  
Applicable income taxes
    97,996       94,775       102,645       97,037       101,113       95,348       96,589       95,686  
Taxable-equivalent adjustment
    5,123       5,172       4,641       4,731       4,553       4,375       4,263       4,120  
                                                                 
Net income
  $ 213,329     $ 210,370     $ 212,573     $ 202,917     $ 204,985     $ 191,074     $ 196,834     $ 189,290  
                                                                 
Per common share data
                                                               
Basic earnings
  $ 1.93     $ 1.89     $ 1.91     $ 1.82     $ 1.82     $ 1.68     $ 1.73     $ 1.65  
Diluted earnings
    1.88       1.85       1.87       1.77       1.78       1.64       1.69       1.62  
Cash dividends
  $ .60     $ .60     $ .60     $ .45     $ .45     $ .45     $ .45     $ .40  
Average common shares outstanding
                                                               
Basic
    110,705       111,047       111,259       111,693       112,529       113,530       113,949       114,773  
Diluted
    113,468       113,897       113,968       114,347       115,147       116,200       116,422       117,184  
Performance ratios, annualized
                                                               
Return on
                                                               
Average assets
    1.50 %     1.49 %     1.54 %     1.49 %     1.48 %     1.39 %     1.46 %     1.44 %
Average common stockholders’ equity
    13.55 %     13.72 %     14.35 %     13.97 %     13.85 %     12.97 %     13.73 %     13.41 %
Net interest margin on average earning assets (taxable-equivalent basis)
    3.73 %     3.68 %     3.66 %     3.73 %     3.69 %     3.76 %     3.78 %     3.83 %
Nonperforming loans to total loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    .52 %     .43 %     .38 %     .35 %     .39 %     .41 %     .46 %     .46 %
Efficiency ratio(a)
    52.79 %     55.47 %     52.29 %     54.21 %     52.49 %     51.94 %     54.58 %     54.00 %
Net operating (tangible) results(b)
                                                               
Net operating income (in thousands)
  $ 224,733     $ 223,228     $ 221,838     $ 210,856     $ 212,738     $ 199,577     $ 205,415     $ 199,135  
Diluted net operating income per common share
    1.98       1.96       1.95       1.84       1.85       1.72       1.76       1.70  
Annualized return on
                                                               
Average tangible assets
    1.67 %     1.67 %     1.69 %     1.64 %     1.63 %     1.54 %     1.62 %     1.61 %
Average tangible common stockholders’ equity
    28.71 %     30.22 %     30.02 %     29.31 %     29.12 %     27.67 %     29.88 %     29.67 %
Efficiency ratio(a)
    50.22 %     52.76 %     50.70 %     52.36 %     50.69 %     49.97 %     52.56 %     51.63 %
Balance sheet data
                                                               
In millions, except per share
                                                               
Average balances
                                                               
Total assets(c)
  $ 56,575     $ 56,158     $ 55,498     $ 55,106     $ 54,835     $ 54,444     $ 53,935     $ 53,306  
Total tangible assets(c)
    53,437       53,004       52,522       52,130       51,860       51,461       50,944       50,305  
Earning assets
    50,235       49,849       49,443       49,066       48,833       48,447       47,931       47,240  
Investment securities
    7,556       7,898       8,314       8,383       8,302       8,439       8,593       8,573  
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    42,474       41,710       40,980       40,544       40,403       39,879       39,229       38,580  
Deposits
    38,504       39,158       38,435       37,569       37,006       36,708       36,245       35,282  
Stockholders’ equity(c)
    6,244       6,085       5,940       5,893       5,873       5,845       5,749       5,723  
Tangible stockholders’ equity(c)
    3,106       2,931       2,964       2,917       2,898       2,862       2,758       2,722  
At end of quarter
                                                               
Total assets(c)
  $ 57,065     $ 56,373     $ 56,507     $ 55,420     $ 55,146     $ 54,841     $ 54,482     $ 53,887  
Total tangible assets(c)
    53,936       53,227       53,345       52,443       52,176       51,863       51,495       50,891  
Earning assets
    50,379       49,950       49,628       49,281       48,852       48,691       48,341       47,853  
Investment securities
    7,252       7,626       7,903       8,294       8,400       8,230       8,320       8,679  
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount
    42,947       42,098       41,599       40,859       40,331       40,335       39,911       39,073  
Deposits
    39,911       39,079       38,514       38,171       37,100       37,199       37,306       36,293  
Stockholders’ equity(c)
    6,281       6,151       6,000       5,919       5,876       5,847       5,838       5,674  
Tangible stockholders’ equity(c)
    3,152       3,005       2,838       2,942       2,906       2,869       2,851       2,678  
Equity per common share
    56.94       55.58       54.01       53.11       52.39       51.81       51.20       49.78  
Tangible equity per common share
    28.57       27.15       25.55       26.41       25.91       25.42       25.00       23.49  
Market price per common share
                                                               
High
  $ 124.98     $ 124.94     $ 119.93     $ 117.39     $ 111.86     $ 112.50     $ 107.28     $ 108.04  
Low
    117.31       116.00       112.90       105.72       101.31       103.50       98.75       96.71  
Closing
    122.16       119.96       117.92       114.14       109.05       105.71       105.16       102.06  
 
(a) Excludes impact of merger-related expenses and net securities transactions.
(b) Excludes amortization and balances related to goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets and merger-related expenses which, except in the calculation of the efficiency ratio, are net of applicable income tax effects. A reconciliation of net income and net operating income appears in Table 21.
(c) The difference between total assets and total tangible assets, and stockholders’ equity and tangible stockholders’ equity, represents goodwill, core deposit and other intangible assets, net of applicable deferred tax balances. A reconciliation of such balances appears in Table 21.
 
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Table 21
 
RECONCILIATION OF QUARTERLY GAAP TO NON-GAAP MEASURES
 
                                                                 
    2006 Quarters     2005 Quarters  
    Fourth     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third     Second     First  
 
Income statement data
                                                               
In thousands, except per share
                                                               
Net income
                                                               
Net income
  $ 213,329     $ 210,370     $ 212,573     $ 202,917     $ 204,985     $ 191,074     $ 196,834     $ 189,290  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets(a)
    11,404       12,154       6,921       7,939       7,753       8,503       8,581       9,845  
Merger-related expenses(a)
          704       2,344                                
                                                                 
Net operating income
  $ 224,733     $ 223,228     $ 221,838     $ 210,856     $ 212,738     $ 199,577     $ 205,415     $ 199,135  
                                                                 
Earnings per share
                                                               
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 1.88     $ 1.85     $ 1.87     $ 1.77     $ 1.78     $ 1.64     $ 1.69     $ 1.62  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets(a)
    .10       .10       .06       .07       .07       .08       .07       .08  
Merger-related expenses(a)
          .01       .02                                
                                                                 
Diluted net operating earnings per share
  $ 1.98     $ 1.96     $ 1.95     $ 1.84     $ 1.85     $ 1.72     $ 1.76     $ 1.70  
                                                                 
Other expense
                                                               
Other expense
  $ 383,810     $ 408,941     $ 376,997     $ 382,003     $ 369,114     $ 368,250     $ 380,441     $ 367,337  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
    (18,687 )     (19,936 )     (11,357 )     (13,028 )     (12,703 )     (13,926 )     (14,055 )     (16,121 )
Merger-related expenses
          (1,155 )     (3,842 )                              
                                                                 
Noninterest operating expense
  $ 365,123     $ 387,850     $ 361,798     $ 368,975     $ 356,411     $ 354,324     $ 366,386     $ 351,216  
                                                                 
Merger-related expenses
                                                               
Salaries and employee benefits
  $     $ 305     $ 510     $     $     $     $     $  
Equipment and net occupancy
          12       212                                
Printing, postage and supplies
          141       14                                
Other costs of operations
          697       3,106                                
                                                                 
Total
  $     $ 1,155     $ 3,842     $     $     $     $     $  
                                                                 
Balance sheet data
                                                               
In millions
                                                               
Average assets
                                                               
Average assets
  $ 56,575     $ 56,158     $ 55,498     $ 55,106     $ 54,835     $ 54,444     $ 53,935     $ 53,306  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,907 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (261 )     (281 )     (107 )     (112 )     (115 )     (128 )     (142 )     (157 )
Deferred taxes
    32       36       40       43       44       49       55       60  
                                                                 
Average tangible assets
  $ 53,437     $ 53,004     $ 52,522     $ 52,130     $ 51,860     $ 51,461     $ 50,944     $ 50,305  
                                                                 
Average equity
                                                               
Average equity
  $ 6,244     $ 6,085     $ 5,940     $ 5,893     $ 5,873     $ 5,845     $ 5,749     $ 5,723  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,907 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (261 )     (281 )     (107 )     (112 )     (115 )     (128 )     (142 )     (157 )
Deferred taxes
    32       36       40       43       44       49       55       60  
                                                                 
Average tangible equity
  $ 3,106     $ 2,931     $ 2,964     $ 2,917     $ 2,898     $ 2,862     $ 2,758     $ 2,722  
                                                                 
At end of quarter
                                                               
Total assets
                                                               
Total assets
  $ 57,065     $ 56,373     $ 56,507     $ 55,420     $ 55,146     $ 54,841     $ 54,482     $ 53,887  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (250 )     (271 )     (291 )     (111 )     (108 )     (121 )     (135 )     (149 )
Deferred taxes
    30       34       38       43       42       47       52       57  
                                                                 
Total tangible assets
  $ 53,936     $ 53,227     $ 53,345     $ 52,443     $ 52,176     $ 51,863     $ 51,495     $ 50,891  
                                                                 
Total equity
                                                               
Total equity
  $ 6,281     $ 6,151     $ 6,000     $ 5,919     $ 5,876     $ 5,847     $ 5,838     $ 5,674  
Goodwill
    (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,909 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    (250 )     (271 )     (291 )     (111 )     (108 )     (121 )     (135 )     (149 )
Deferred taxes
    30       34       38       43       42       47       52       57  
                                                                 
Total tangible equity
  $ 3,152     $ 3,005     $ 2,838     $ 2,942     $ 2,906     $ 2,869     $ 2,851     $ 2,678  
                                                                 
 
 
(a) After any related tax effect.
 
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Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
Incorporated by reference to the discussion contained in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under the captions “Liquidity, Market Risk, and Interest Rate Sensitivity” (including Table 18) and “Capital.”
 
Item 8.   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data consist of the financial statements as indexed and presented below and Table 20 “Quarterly Trends” presented in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
 
         
Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
   
 
  78
  79
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
 
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Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting at M&T Bank Corporation and subsidiaries (“the Company”). Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria described in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that assessment, management concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, that was engaged to express an opinion as to the fairness of presentation of such financial statements. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP was also engaged to audit management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP follows this report.
 
M&T BANK CORPORATION
 
(SIGNATURE)
Robert G. Wilmers
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
 
(SIGNATURE)
René F. Jones
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
M&T Bank Corporation:
 
We have completed integrated audits of M&T Bank Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
 
Consolidated financial statements
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of M&T Bank Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
Internal control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in the Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 8, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
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A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
(SIGNATURE)
Buffalo, New York
February 23, 2007
 
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M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
                 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share)   December 31  
    2006     2005  
 
Assets
Cash and due from banks
  $ 1,605,506     $ 1,479,239  
Interest-bearing deposits at banks
    6,639       8,408  
Federal funds sold
    19,458       11,220  
Agreements to resell securities
    100,000        
Trading account
    136,752       191,617  
Investment securities
               
Available for sale (cost: $6,878,332 in 2006; $8,011,560 in 2005)
    6,829,848       7,931,703  
Held to maturity (market value: $66,729 in 2006; $102,880 in 2005)
    64,899       101,059  
Other (market value: $356,851 in 2006; $367,402 in 2005)
    356,851       367,402  
                 
Total investment securities
    7,251,598       8,400,164  
                 
Loans and leases
    43,206,954       40,553,691  
Unearned discount
    (259,657 )     (223,046 )
Allowance for credit losses
    (649,948 )     (637,663 )
                 
Loans and leases, net
    42,297,349       39,692,982  
                 
Premises and equipment
    335,008       337,115  
Goodwill
    2,908,849       2,904,081  
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    250,233       108,260  
Accrued interest and other assets
    2,153,513       2,013,320  
                 
Total assets
  $ 57,064,905     $ 55,146,406  
                 
 
Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits
  $ 7,879,977     $ 8,141,928  
NOW accounts
    940,439       901,938  
Savings deposits
    14,169,790       13,839,150  
Time deposits
    11,490,629       11,407,626  
Deposits at foreign office
    5,429,668       2,809,532  
                 
Total deposits
    39,910,503       37,100,174  
                 
Federal funds purchased and agreements to repurchase securities
    2,531,684       4,211,978  
Other short-term borrowings
    562,530       940,894  
Accrued interest and other liabilities
    888,352       819,980  
Long-term borrowings
    6,890,741       6,196,994  
                 
Total liabilities
    50,783,810       49,270,020  
                 
Stockholders’ equity
               
Preferred stock, $1 par, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding
           
Common stock, $.50 par, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 120,396,611 shares issued in 2006 and 2005
    60,198       60,198  
Common stock issuable, 90,949 shares in 2006; 100,298 shares in 2005
    5,060       5,363  
Additional paid-in capital
    2,889,449       2,886,153  
Retained earnings
    4,443,441       3,854,275  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net
    (53,574 )     (97,930 )
Treasury stock — common, at cost — 10,179,802 shares in 2006; 8,336,907 shares in 2005
    (1,063,479 )     (831,673 )
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    6,281,095       5,876,386  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 57,064,905     $ 55,146,406  
                 
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
 
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Consolidated Statement of Income
 
                         
(In thousands, except per share)   Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
 
Interest income
                       
Loans and leases, including fees
  $ 2,927,411     $ 2,420,660     $ 1,974,469  
Deposits at banks
    372       169       65  
Federal funds sold
    1,670       807       123  
Agreements to resell securities
    3,927       1       11  
Trading account
    2,446       1,544       375  
Investment securities
                       
Fully taxable
    363,401       351,423       309,141  
Exempt from federal taxes
    14,866       14,090       14,548  
                         
Total interest income
    3,314,093       2,788,694       2,298,732  
                         
Interest expense
                       
NOW accounts
    3,461       2,182       1,802  
Savings deposits
    201,543       139,445       92,064  
Time deposits
    551,514       294,782       154,722  
Deposits at foreign office
    178,348       120,122       43,034  
Short-term borrowings
    227,850       157,853       71,172  
Long-term borrowings
    333,836       279,967       201,366  
                         
Total interest expense
    1,496,552       994,351       564,160  
                         
Net interest income
    1,817,541       1,794,343       1,734,572  
Provision for credit losses
    80,000       88,000       95,000  
                         
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
    1,737,541       1,706,343       1,639,572  
                         
Other income
                       
Mortgage banking revenues
    143,181       136,114       124,353  
Service charges on deposit accounts
    380,950       369,918       366,301  
Trust income
    140,781       134,679       136,296  
Brokerage services income
    60,295       55,572       53,740  
Trading account and foreign exchange gains
    24,761       22,857       19,435  
Gain (loss) on bank investment securities
    2,566       (28,133 )     2,874  
Other revenues from operations
    293,318       258,711       239,970  
                         
Total other income
    1,045,852       949,718       942,969  
                         
Other expense
                       
Salaries and employee benefits
    873,353       822,239       806,552  
Equipment and net occupancy
    168,776       173,689       179,595  
Printing, postage and supplies
    33,956       33,743       34,476  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
    63,008       56,805       75,410  
Other costs of operations
    412,658       398,666       419,985  
                         
Total other expense
    1,551,751       1,485,142       1,516,018  
                         
Income before taxes
    1,231,642       1,170,919       1,066,523  
Income taxes
    392,453       388,736       344,002  
                         
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
                         
Net income per common share
                       
Basic
  $ 7.55     $ 6.88     $ 6.14  
Diluted
    7.37       6.73       6.00  
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
 
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M&T BANK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
                         
(In thousands)   Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
 
Cash flows from operating activities
                       
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
                       
Provision for credit losses
    80,000       88,000       95,000  
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
    51,916       58,477       62,779  
Amortization of capitalized servicing rights
    61,007       58,466       57,885  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
    63,008       56,805       75,410  
Provision for deferred income taxes
    (68,249 )     (88,071 )     (137,596 )
Asset write-downs
    7,713       32,765       737  
Net gain on sales of assets
    (12,915 )     (9,694 )     (7,127 )
Net change in accrued interest receivable, payable
    21,493       3,099       (26,438 )
Net change in other accrued income and expense
    58,707       (25,017 )     4,528  
Net change in loans held for sale
    (605,240 )     (609,433 )     (133,925 )
Net change in trading account assets and liabilities
    43,234       (49,208 )     10,596  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    539,863       298,372       724,370  
                         
Cash flows from investing activities
                       
Proceeds from sales of investment securities
                       
Available for sale
    110,501       20,673       727,229  
Other
    42,300       62,047       20,510  
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities
                       
Available for sale
    1,701,402       2,158,675       2,902,255  
Held to maturity
    95,951       104,500       142,799  
Purchases of investment securities
                       
Available for sale
    (675,737 )     (2,047,939 )     (4,874,927 )
Held to maturity
    (59,814 )     (107,540 )     (136,018 )
Other
    (31,749 )     (107,597 )     (51,021 )
Other investments
    (100,000 )     1,026       41  
Additions to capitalized servicing rights
    (49,984 )     (50,367 )     (57,778 )
Net increase in loans and leases
    (1,827,918 )     (1,509,896 )     (2,583,862 )
Capital expenditures, net
    (41,988 )     (26,546 )     (31,785 )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
                       
Deposits and banking offices
    494,990              
Other
    (11,272 )            
Other, net
    (13,387 )     (73,262 )     (15,445 )
                         
Net cash used by investing activities
    (366,705 )     (1,576,226 )     (3,958,002 )
                         
Cash flows from financing activities
                       
Net increase in deposits
    1,847,505       1,680,945       2,329,792  
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings
    (2,058,658 )     450,230       261,454  
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
    2,000,000       1,801,657       1,400,660  
Payments on long-term borrowings
    (1,294,857 )     (1,927,070 )     (575,779 )
Purchases of treasury stock
    (373,860 )     (509,609 )     (610,261 )
Dividends paid — common
    (249,817 )     (198,619 )     (187,669 )
Other, net
    91,034       106,975       79,457  
                         
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
    (38,653 )     1,404,509       2,697,654  
                         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    134,505       126,655       (535,978 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    1,490,459       1,363,804       1,899,782  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 1,624,964     $ 1,490,459     $ 1,363,804  
                         
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                       
Interest received during the year
  $ 3,298,620     $ 2,721,155     $ 2,266,601  
Interest paid during the year
    1,443,335       964,548       589,799  
Income taxes paid during the year
    345,763       472,773       453,006  
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
                       
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans
  $ 15,973     $ 10,417     $ 17,167  
Acquisitions
                       
Fair value of
                       
Assets acquired (noncash)
    514,955              
Liabilities assumed
    998,673              
Securitization of residential mortgage loans allocated to
                       
Available for sale investment securities
          124,600        
Capitalized servicing rights
          1,410        
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
 
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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
 
                                                                 
                                  Accumulated
             
                                  Other
             
(In thousands, except per share)               Common
    Additional
          Comprehensive
             
    Preferred
    Common
    Stock
    Paid-in
    Retained
    Income (Loss),
    Treasury
       
    Stock     Stock     Issuable     Capital     Earnings     Net     Stock     Total  
 
2004
                                                               
Balance — January 1, 2004
  $       60,053       6,326       2,888,963       2,736,215       25,653             5,717,210  
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net income
                            722,521                   722,521  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments:
                                                               
Unrealized losses on investment securities
                                  (42,823 )           (42,823 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment
                                  (39 )           (39 )
                                                                 
                                                              679,659  
Purchases of treasury stock
                                        (610,261 )     (610,261 )
Stock-based compensation plans:
                                                               
Stock option and purchase plans:
                                                               
Compensation expense
                      48,103                         48,103  
Exercises
          144             (38,361 )                 119,444       81,227  
Directors’ stock plan
          1             167                   817       985  
Deferred compensation plans, net, including dividend equivalents
                (547 )     (960 )     (180 )           2,047       360  
Common stock cash dividends — $1.60 per share
                            (187,669 )                 (187,669 )
                                                                 
Balance — December 31, 2004
  $       60,198       5,779       2,897,912       3,270,887       (17,209 )     (487,953 )     5,729,614  
2005
                                                               
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net income
                            782,183                   782,183  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments:
                                                               
Unrealized losses on investment securities
                                  (43,864 )           (43,864 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment
                                  (36,857 )           (36,857 )
                                                                 
                                                              701,462  
Purchases of treasury stock
                                        (509,609 )     (509,609 )
Repayment of management stock ownership program receivable
                      304                         304  
Stock-based compensation plans:
                                                               
Stock option and purchase plans:
                                                               
Compensation expense
                      45,191                         45,191  
Exercises
                      (57,112 )                 163,864       106,752  
Directors’ stock plan
                      87                   1,009       1,096  
Deferred compensation plans, net, including dividend equivalents
                (416 )     (229 )     (176 )           1,016       195  
Common stock cash dividends — $1.75 per share
                            (198,619 )                 (198,619 )
                                                                 
Balance — December 31, 2005
  $       60,198       5,363       2,886,153       3,854,275       (97,930 )     (831,673 )     5,876,386  
2006
                                                               
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net income
                            839,189                   839,189  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments:
                                                               
Unrealized losses on investment securities
                                  23,265             23,265  
Minimum pension liability adjustment
                                  30,932             30,932  
                                                                 
                                                              893,386  
Change in accounting for defined benefit plans (note 11)
                                  (9,841 )           (9,841 )
Purchases of treasury stock
                                        (373,860 )     (373,860 )
Repayment of management stock ownership program receivable
                      225                         225  
Stock-based compensation plans:
                                                               
Stock option and purchase plans:
                                                               
Compensation expense
                      51,237                         51,237  
Exercises
                      (47,742 )                 140,053       92,311  
Directors’ stock plan
                      133                   977       1,110  
Deferred compensation plans, net, including dividend equivalents
                (303 )     (557 )     (206 )           1,024       (42 )
Common stock cash dividends — $2.25 per share
                            (249,817 )                 (249,817 )
                                                                 
Balance — December 31, 2006
  $       60,198       5,060       2,889,449       4,443,441       (53,574 )     (1,063,479 )     6,281,095  
                                                                 
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements
 
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Notes to Financial Statements
 
1.   Significant accounting policies
M&T Bank Corporation (“M&T”)is a bank holding company headquartered in Buffalo, New York. Through subsidiaries, M&T provides individuals, corporations and other businesses, and institutions with commercial and retail banking services, including loans and deposits, trust, mortgage banking, asset management, insurance and other financial services. Banking activities are largely focused on consumers residing in New York State, Pennsylvania, Maryland and the District of Columbia and on small and medium-size businesses based in those areas. Banking services are also provided in Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia and New Jersey (effective January 2, 2007), while certain subsidiaries also conduct activities in other states.
The accounting and reporting policies of M&T and subsidiaries (“the Company”) conform to generally accepted accounting principles and to general practices within the banking industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The more significant accounting policies are as follows:
 
Consolidation
Except as described in note 18, the consolidated financial statements include M&T and all of its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions of consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements of M&T included in note 24 report investments in subsidiaries under the equity method. Information about some limited purpose entities that are affiliates of the Company but are not included in the consolidated financial statements appears in note 18.
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For purposes of this statement, cash and due from banks and federal funds sold are considered cash and cash equivalents.
 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at amounts equal to the cash or other consideration exchanged. It is generally the Company’s policy to take possession of collateral pledged to secure agreements to resell.
 
Trading account
Financial instruments used for trading purposes are stated at fair value. Realized gains and losses and unrealized changes in fair value of financial instruments utilized in trading activities are included in trading account and foreign exchange gains in the consolidated statement of income.
 
Investment securities
Investments in debt securities are classified as held to maturity and stated at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity. Investments in other debt securities and equity securities having readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale and stated at estimated fair value. Except for investment securities for which the Company has entered into a related fair value hedge, unrealized gains or losses on investment securities available for sale are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes.
Other securities are stated at cost and include stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York.
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts for investment securities available for sale and held to maturity are included in interest income. The cost basis of individual securities is written down to estimated fair value through a charge to earnings when declines in value below amortized cost
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

are considered to be other than temporary. Realized gains and losses on the sales of investment securities are determined using the specific identification method.
 
Loans and leases
Interest income on loans is accrued on a level yield method. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status and previously accrued interest thereon is charged against income when principal or interest is delinquent 90 days, unless management determines that the loan status clearly warrants other treatment. Loan balances are charged off when it becomes evident that such balances are not fully collectible. Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized as an interest yield adjustment over the life of the loan. Net deferred fees have been included in unearned discount as a reduction of loans outstanding. Commitments to sell real estate loans are utilized by the Company to hedge the exposure to changes in fair value of real estate loans held for sale. The carrying value of hedged real estate loans held for sale recorded in the consolidated balance sheet includes changes in estimated fair market value during the hedge period, typically from the date of close through the sale date. Valuation adjustments made on these loans and commitments are included in mortgage banking revenues.
Except for consumer and residential mortgage loans that are considered smaller balance homogenous loans and are evaluated collectively, the Company considers a loan to be impaired for purposes of applying Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan,” as amended, when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is delinquent 90 days. Impaired loans are classified as either nonaccrual or as loans renegotiated at below market rates. Loans less than 90 days delinquent are deemed to have an insignificant delay in payment and are generally not considered impaired for purposes of applying SFAS No. 114. Impairment of a loan is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Interest received on impaired loans placed on nonaccrual status is applied to reduce the carrying value of the loan or, if principal is considered fully collectible, recognized as interest income.
Residual value estimates for commercial leases are generally determined through internal or external reviews of the leased property. The Company reviews commercial lease residual values at least annually and recognizes residual value impairments deemed to be other than temporary. Initial estimates of residual value for automobile leases are recorded based on published industry standards and historical residual value losses incurred relative to the published industry standards. Automobile leases are considered small homogenous leases and, as such, impairments to residual value are determined based on projected residual value losses relative to the initially recorded residual values.
 
Allowance for credit losses
The allowance for credit losses represents the amount which, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The adequacy of the allowance is determined by management’s evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio based on such factors as the differing economic risks associated with each loan category, the current financial condition of specific borrowers, the economic environment in which borrowers operate, the level of delinquent loans, the value of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or indemnifications.
 
Premises and equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
 
Sales and securitizations of financial assets
Transfers of financial assets for which the Company has surrendered control of the financial assets are accounted for as sales to the extent that consideration other than beneficial interests in the transferred assets is received in exchange. Retained interests in a sale or securitization of financial assets are measured
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

at the date of transfer by allocating the previous carrying amount between the assets transferred and any retained interests based on their relative estimated fair values. The fair values of retained debt securities are generally determined through reference to independent pricing information. The fair values of retained servicing rights and any other retained interests are determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows associated with those interests and by reference to market prices for similar assets.
 
Capitalized servicing rights
Servicing assets purchased or servicing liabilities assumed that are not recognized in connection with the sale or securitization of financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Capitalized servicing assets are included in other assets and are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income.
To estimate the fair value of servicing rights, the Company considers market prices for similar assets and the present value of expected future cash flows associated with the servicing rights calculated using assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future servicing income and expense. Such assumptions include estimates of the cost of servicing loans, loan default rates, an appropriate discount rate, and prepayment speeds. For purposes of evaluating and measuring impairment of capitalized servicing rights, the Company stratifies such assets based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying financial instruments that are expected to have the most impact on projected prepayments, cost of servicing and other factors affecting future cash flows associated with the servicing rights. Such factors may include financial asset or loan type, note rate and term. The amount of impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the capitalized servicing rights for a stratum exceeds estimated fair value. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance.
 
Goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Similar to goodwill, other intangible assets, which include core deposit intangibles, also lack physical substance but, as required by SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations,” portions of the cost of an acquired entity have been assigned to such assets. The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which, in general, requires that goodwill not be amortized, but rather that it be tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level, which is either at the same level or one level below an operating segment. Other acquired intangible assets with finite lives, such as core deposit intangibles, are required to be amortized over their estimated lives. Core deposit and other intangible assets are amortized using accelerated methods over estimated useful lives of five to ten years. The Company periodically assesses whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of core deposit and other intangible assets may be impaired.
 
Derivative financial instruments
The Company accounts for derivative financial instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measure those instruments at fair value. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as (a) a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment, (b) a hedge of the exposure to variable cash flows of a forecasted transaction or (c) a hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation, an unrecognized firm commitment, an available for sale security, or a foreign currency denominated forecasted transaction. Pursuant to SFAS No. 133, the accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. An entity that elects to apply hedge accounting is required to establish at the inception of the hedge the method it will use for assessing the effectiveness of the hedging derivative and the measurement approach for determining the ineffective aspect of the hedge. Those methods must be consistent with the entity’s approach to managing risk.
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of the management of interest rate risk to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. For such agreements, amounts receivable or payable are recognized as accrued under the terms of the agreement and the net differential is recorded as an adjustment to interest income or expense of the related asset or liability. Interest rate swap agreements may be designated as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. In a fair value hedge, the fair values of the interest rate swap agreements and changes in the fair values of the hedged items are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with the corresponding gain or loss recognized in current earnings. The difference between changes in the fair values of interest rate swap agreements and the hedged items represents hedge ineffectiveness and is recorded in “other revenues from operations” in the Company’s consolidated statement of income. In a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s unrealized gain or loss is initially recorded as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the unrealized gain or loss is reported in “other revenues from operations” immediately.
The Company utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Commitments to originate real estate loans to be held for sale and commitments to sell real estate loans are generally recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at estimated fair market value. However, in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 105, “Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments,” issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, value ascribable to cash flows that will be realized in connection with loan servicing activities has not been included in the determination of fair value of commitments to originate loans for sale. Value ascribable to that portion of cash flows is recognized at the time the underlying mortgage loans are sold.
Derivative instruments not related to mortgage banking activities, including financial futures commitments and interest rate swap agreements, that do not satisfy the hedge accounting requirements noted above are recorded at fair value and are generally classified as trading account assets or liabilities with resultant changes in fair value being recognized in trading account and foreign exchange gains in the Company’s consolidated statement of income.
 
Stock-based compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share Based Payment,” (“SFAS No. 123R”), an amendment of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” Prior to that date, the Company recognized expense for stock-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting described in SFAS No. 123. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the stock-based grant based on the estimated grant date value of the stock-based compensation that is expected to vest, except that coincident with the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company began accelerating the recognition of compensation costs for stock-based awards granted to retirement-eligible employees and employees who will become retirement-eligible prior to full vesting of the award because the Company’s incentive compensation plan allows for vesting at the time an employee retires. Through December 31, 2005, stock-based compensation granted to such individuals was expensed over the normal vesting period and any remaining unrecognized compensation cost was recognized at the time an individual employee actually retired. Information on the determination of the estimated value of stock-based awards used to calculate stock-based compensation expense is included in note 10.
 
Income taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax effects attributable to differences between the financial statement value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates and laws.
 
Earnings per common share
Basic earnings per share exclude dilution and are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and common shares issuable under deferred compensation arrangements during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in earnings. Proceeds assumed to have been received on such exercise or conversion are assumed to be used to purchase shares of M&T common stock at the average market price during the period, as required by the “treasury stock method” of accounting.
 
Treasury stock
Repurchases of shares of M&T common stock are recorded at cost as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Reissuances of shares of treasury stock are recorded at average cost.
 
2.   Acquisition of deposits and banking offices
On June 30, 2006, M&T Bank, M&T’s principal banking subsidiary, acquired 21 banking offices in Buffalo and Rochester, New York from Citibank, N.A. in a cash transaction. The offices had approximately $269 million in loans, mostly to consumers, small businesses and middle market customers, and approximately $1.0 billion of deposits. The transaction did not have a significant effect on the Company’s results of operations during 2006. Expenses associated with systems conversions and other costs of integrating the acquired offices with and into M&T Bank aggregated $5 million ($3 million net of applicable income taxes) in 2006.
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

 
3.   Investment securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities were as follows:
 
                                 
          Gross
    Gross
       
    Amortized
    Unrealized
    Unrealized
    Estimated
 
    Cost     Gains     Losses     Fair Value  
    (In thousands)  
 
December 31, 2006
                               
Investment securities available for sale:
                               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  $ 479,655     $     $ 5,779     $ 473,876  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    67,804       2,967             70,771  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Government issued or guaranteed
    1,943,407       4,477       40,176       1,907,708  
Privately issued
    3,830,965       7,603       42,038       3,796,530  
Other debt securities
    145,034       5,423       550       149,907  
Equity securities
    411,467       20,016       427       431,056  
                                 
      6,878,332       40,486       88,970       6,829,848  
                                 
Investment securities held to maturity:
                               
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    59,436       1,845       15       61,266  
Other debt securities
    5,463                   5,463  
                                 
      64,899       1,845       15       66,729  
                                 
Other securities
    356,851                   356,851  
                                 
Total
  $ 7,300,082     $ 42,331     $ 88,985     $ 7,253,428  
                                 
December 31, 2005
                               
Investment securities available for sale:
                               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  $ 330,945     $ 40     $ 7,779     $ 323,206  
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    81,024       3,912       1       84,935  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Government issued or guaranteed
    2,740,503       8,047       55,382       2,693,168  
Privately issued
    4,318,988       8,423       52,399       4,275,012  
Other debt securities
    144,967       6,904       1,133       150,738  
Equity securities
    395,134       11,512       2,002       404,644  
                                 
      8,011,561       38,838       118,696       7,931,703  
                                 
Investment securities held to maturity:
                               
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    97,003       1,955       134       98,824  
Other debt securities
    4,056                   4,056  
                                 
      101,059       1,955       134       102,880  
                                 
Other securities
    367,402                   367,402  
                                 
Total
  $ 8,480,022     $ 40,793     $ 118,830     $ 8,401,985  
                                 
 
No investment in securities of a single non-U.S. Government or government agency issuer exceeded ten percent of stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2006.
As of December 31, 2006, the latest available investment ratings of all privately issued mortgage-backed securities were A or better, with the exception of 17 securities with an aggregate amortized cost and estimated fair value of $74,646,000 and $76,384,000, respectively.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of collateralized mortgage obligations included in mortgage-backed securities were as follows:
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Amortized cost
  $ 4,837,695     $ 5,837,340  
Estimated fair value
    4,774,812       5,753,823  
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

Gross realized gains on the sale of investment securities were $2,735,000 in 2006, $1,464,000 in 2005 and $6,084,000 in 2004. Gross realized losses on investment securities were $169,000 in 2006, $414,000 in 2005 and $3,210,000 in 2004. During 2005, the Company recognized a $29,183,000 other-than-temporary impairment charge related to $132,900,000 of variable rate preferred stock issuances of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). Although the securities were rated as investment grade, the Company recognized the impairment charge, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, in light of changing circumstances during 2005 that included an announced further delay in FNMA’s ability to provide restated financial information about its results of operations and a further decline in the market value of certain of FHLMC’s preferred stock issuances despite its release of operating results. As of December 31, 2006, the fair value of those securities exceeded their adjusted amortized cost by $10,513,000.
At December 31, 2006, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity were as follows:
 
                 
    Amortized
    Estimated
 
    Cost     Fair Value  
    (In thousands)  
 
Debt securities available for sale:
               
Due in one year or less
  $ 46,692     $ 46,646  
Due after one year through five years
    268,389       263,360  
Due after five years through ten years
    242,284       243,662  
Due after ten years
    135,128       140,886  
                 
      692,493       694,554  
Mortgage-backed securities available for sale
    5,774,372       5,704,238  
                 
    $ 6,466,865     $ 6,398,792  
                 
Debt securities held to maturity:
               
Due in one year or less
  $ 42,166     $ 42,228  
Due after one year through five years
    6,815       6,997  
Due after five years through ten years
    9,786       11,281  
Due after ten years
    6,132       6,223  
                 
    $ 64,899     $ 66,729  
                 
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

A summary of investment securities that as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and those that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer follows:
 
                                 
    Less Than 12 Months     12 Months or More  
          Unrealized
          Unrealized
 
    Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses  
    (In thousands)  
 
December 31, 2006
                               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  $ 207,522     $ (397 )   $ 266,354     $ (5,382 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    5,348       (2 )     1,462       (13 )
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Government issued or guaranteed
    68,832       (112 )     1,467,818       (40,064 )
Privately issued
    564,993       (3,754 )     2,413,828       (38,284 )
Other debt securities
    3,425       (77 )     53,353       (473 )
Equity securities
    29,826       (423 )     41       (4 )
                                 
Total
  $ 879,946     $ (4,765 )   $ 4,202,856     $ (84,220 )
                                 
December 31, 2005
                               
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  $ 17,111     $ (141 )   $ 302,942     $ (7,638 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
    55,830       (112 )     4,788       (23 )
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Government issued or guaranteed
    408,924       (7,754 )     1,693,319       (47,628 )
Privately issued
    2,209,915       (23,252 )     1,121,380       (29,147 )
Other debt securities
    16,587       (230 )     57,684       (903 )
Equity securities
    134,266       (1,991 )     32       (11 )
                                 
Total
  $ 2,842,633     $ (33,480 )   $ 3,180,145     $ (85,350 )
                                 
 
The Company owned approximately five hundred individual investment securities with aggregate gross unrealized losses of $88,985,000 at December 31, 2006. Those investment securities consisted predominantly of mortgage-backed securities classified as available for sale. The unrealized losses at December 31, 2006 were generally attributable to the level of interest rates and, accordingly, were considered to be temporary in nature. At December 31, 2006, the Company had not identified events or changes in circumstance which may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the $356,851,000 of cost method investment securities.
At December 31, 2006, investment securities with a carrying value of $4,422,316,000, including $4,158,346,000 of investment securities available for sale, were pledged to secure demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury, borrowings from various Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”), repurchase agreements, governmental deposits and interest rate swap agreements.
Investment securities pledged by the Company to secure obligations whereby the secured party is permitted by contract or custom to sell or repledge such collateral totaled $1,300,322,000 at December 31, 2006. The pledged securities are included in mortgage-backed securities available for sale.
At December 31, 2006, collateral accepted by the Company which by contract or custom can be sold or repledged consisted of securities with a fair value of $104,205,000 purchased under agreements to resell. Those securities have been pledged at December 31, 2006 to secure governmental deposits.
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

 
4.   Loans and leases
Total gross loans and leases outstanding were comprised of the following:
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Loans
               
Commercial, financial, agricultural, etc
  $ 10,472,919     $ 9,818,897  
Real estate:
               
Residential
    5,248,119       3,802,645  
Commercial
    12,691,964       12,833,912  
Construction
    3,453,981       2,335,498  
Consumer
    9,885,883       10,385,740  
                 
Total loans
    41,752,866       39,176,692  
                 
Leases
               
Commercial
    1,423,637       1,286,930  
Consumer
    30,451       90,069  
                 
Total leases
    1,454,088       1,376,999  
                 
Total loans and leases
  $ 43,206,954     $ 40,553,691  
                 
 
One-to-four family residential mortgage loans held for sale were $1.9 billion at December 31, 2006 and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2005. One-to-four family residential mortgage loans and smaller balance commercial mortgage loans with many repayment characteristics similar to residential mortgage loans that are serviced for others totaled approximately $16.7 billion and $15.6 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2006, approximately $7 million of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans serviced for others had been sold with credit recourse. Commercial mortgage loans held for sale were $49 million at December 31, 2006 and $199 million at December 31, 2005. Commercial mortgage loans serviced for others totaled approximately $4.9 billion and $4.3 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2006, approximately $939 million of commercial mortgage loan balances serviced for others had been sold with recourse in conjunction with the Company’s participation in the FNMA Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program. At December 31, 2006, the Company estimated that the recourse obligations described above were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position. There have been no material losses incurred as a result of those recourse arrangements. Included in consumer loans were home equity loans held for sale of $65 million at December 31, 2006 and $38 million at December 31, 2005.
Nonperforming loans (loans on which interest was not being accrued or had been renegotiated at below-market interest rates) totaled $224,228,000 at December 31, 2006 and $156,451,000 at December 31, 2005. If nonaccrual and renegotiated loans had been accruing interest at their originally contracted terms, interest income on such loans would have amounted to $17,173,000 in 2006 and $12,144,000 in 2005. The actual amounts included in interest income during 2006 and 2005 on such loans were $6,770,000 and $3,279,000, respectively.
The recorded investment in loans considered impaired for purposes of applying SFAS No. 114 was $152,676,000 and $92,528,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The recorded investment in loans considered impaired for which there was a related valuation allowance for impairment included in the allowance for credit losses and the amount of such impairment allowance were $139,021,000 and $23,388,000, respectively, at December 31, 2006 and $65,244,000 and $15,343,000, respectively, at December 31, 2005. The recorded investment in loans considered impaired for which there was no related valuation allowance for impairment was $13,655,000 and $27,284,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The average recorded investment in impaired loans during 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $97,263,000, $106,603,000 and $135,431,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

totaled $4,866,000, $4,522,000 and $10,546,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Borrowings by directors and certain officers of M&T and its banking subsidiaries, and by associates of such persons, exclusive of loans aggregating less than $120,000, amounted to $158,032,000 and $172,610,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. During 2006, new borrowings by such persons amounted to $61,061,000 (including borrowings of new directors or officers that were outstanding at the time of their election) and repayments and other reductions (including reductions resulting from retirements) were $75,639,000.
At December 31, 2006, approximately $948 million of commercial mortgage loans and $2.3 billion of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans were pledged to secure outstanding borrowings. As described in note 18, as of December 31, 2006, $565 million of automobile loans and related assets were effectively pledged to secure a $500 million revolving structured borrowing.
The Company’s loan and lease portfolio includes (i) commercial lease financing receivables consisting of direct financing and leveraged leases for machinery and equipment, railroad equipment, commercial trucks and trailers, and commercial aircraft, and (ii) consumer leases for automobiles and light trucks. A summary of lease financing receivables follows:
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Commercial leases:
               
Direct financings:
               
Lease payments receivable
  $ 992,016     $ 875,869  
Estimated residual value of leased assets
    99,564       117,927  
Unearned income
    (162,897 )     (135,789 )
                 
Investment in direct financings
    928,683       858,007  
Leveraged leases:
               
Lease payments receivable
    157,377       135,469  
Estimated residual value of leased assets
    174,680       157,665  
Unearned income
    (59,738 )     (43,374 )
                 
Investment in leveraged leases
    272,319       249,760  
                 
Investment in commercial leases
    1,201,002       1,107,767  
Consumer automobile leases:
               
Lease payments receivable
    6,527       27,649  
Estimated residual value of leased assets
    23,924       62,420  
Unearned income
    (1,038 )     (4,867 )
                 
Investment in consumer automobile leases
    29,413       85,202  
                 
Total investment in leases
  $ 1,230,415     $ 1,192,969  
                 
Deferred taxes payable arising from leveraged leases
  $ 205,619     $ 211,980  
 
Included within the estimated residual value of leased assets at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were $51 million and $31 million, respectively, in residual value associated with direct financing leases that are guaranteed by the lessees. The Company is indemnified from loss by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”) on a portion of leveraged leases obtained in the acquisition of a former subsidiary of AIB on April 1, 2003. Amounts as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 in the leveraged lease section of the table subject to such indemnification included at each respective date lease payments receivable of $9 million, estimated residual value of leased assets of $31 million, and unearned income of $8 million. For consumer automobile leases, substantially all residual values were insured by third parties for declines in published industry-standard residual values.
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

At December 31, 2006, the minimum future lease payments to be received from lease financings were as follows:
 
                         
    Commercial     Consumer     Total  
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
                       
2007
  $ 264,701     $ 5,986     $ 270,687  
2008
    218,167       541       218,708  
2009
    153,614             153,614  
2010
    108,880             108,880  
2011
    72,651             72,651  
Later years
    331,380             331,380  
                         
    $ 1,149,393     $ 6,527     $ 1,155,920  
                         
 
5.   Allowance for credit losses
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 637,663     $ 626,864     $ 614,058  
Provision for credit losses
    80,000       88,000       95,000  
Allowance related to loans sold or securitized
          (314 )     (501 )
Net charge-offs
                       
Charge-offs
    (95,606 )     (107,617 )     (119,025 )
Recoveries
    27,891       30,730       37,332  
                         
Net charge-offs
    (67,715 )     (76,887 )     (81,693 )
                         
Ending balance
  $ 649,948     $ 637,663     $ 626,864  
                         
 
6.   Premises and equipment
The detail of premises and equipment was as follows:
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Land
  $ 48,833     $ 49,191  
Buildings — owned
    230,562       225,828  
Buildings — capital leases
    1,598       1,598  
Leasehold improvements
    101,453       92,741  
Furniture and equipment — owned
    292,141       301,138  
Furniture and equipment — capital leases
    2,514       2,514  
                 
      677,101       673,010  
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
               
Owned assets
    339,643       334,024  
Capital leases
    2,450       1,871  
                 
      342,093       335,895  
                 
Premises and equipment, net
  $ 335,008     $ 337,115  
                 
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

Net lease expense for all operating leases totaled $60,680,000 in 2006, $57,641,000 in 2005 and $58,318,000 in 2004. Minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases are presented in note 20. Minimum lease payments required under capital leases are not material.
 
7.   Capitalized servicing assets
Changes in capitalized servicing assets were as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 181,233     $ 186,225     $ 185,816  
Originations
    12,446       16,928       26,285  
Purchases
    50,841       35,135       32,009  
Assumed in loan securitizations (note 18)
          1,411        
Amortization
    (61,007 )     (58,466 )     (57,885 )
                         
      183,513       181,233       186,225  
Valuation allowance
    (10,050 )     (19,800 )     (30,878 )
                         
Ending balance, net
  $ 173,463     $ 161,433     $ 155,347  
                         
 
Capitalized servicing assets at December 31, 2006 and 2005 included $153 million and $140 million, respectively, of capitalized residential mortgage loan servicing rights, net of the valuation allowance for impairment, and $21 million of capitalized commercial mortgage loan servicing rights at each of those dates. During 2006, 2005 and 2004, $9,750,000, $11,078,000 and $3,622,000, respectively, of the valuation allowance was reversed because of increases in the market value of certain strata of servicing assets relative to the amortized cost basis of the servicing assets in such strata. The estimated fair value of capitalized servicing assets was approximately $214 million at December 31, 2006 and $191 million at December 31, 2005. The fair value of capitalized residential mortgage loan servicing assets was estimated using weighted-average discount rates of 17.8% and 16.6% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and contemporaneous prepayment assumptions that vary by loan type. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the discount rate represented a weighted-average option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) of 1,227 basis points (hundredths of one percent) and 1,073 basis points, respectively, over market implied forward London Interbank Offered Rates. The estimated market value of capitalized servicing rights may vary significantly in subsequent periods due to changing interest rates and the effect thereof on prepayment speeds. An 18% discount rate was used to estimate the fair value of capitalized commercial mortgage loan servicing rights at December 31, 2006 and 2005 with no prepayment assumptions because, in general, the servicing agreements allow the Company to share in customer loan prepayment fees and thereby recover the remaining carrying value of the capitalized servicing rights associated with such loan. The Company’s ability to realize the carrying value of capitalized commercial mortgage servicing rights is more dependent on the borrowers’ abilities to repay the underlying loans than on prepayments or changes in interest rates.
The key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of capitalized servicing rights at December 31, 2006 and the sensitivity of such value to changes in those assumptions are summarized in the table that follows. Those calculated sensitivities are hypothetical and actual changes in the fair value of capitalized servicing rights may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. The effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. The changes in assumptions are presumed to be instantaneous.
 
 
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Weighted-average prepayment speeds — residential (constant prepayment rate)
    19.43 %
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
  $ (7,628,000 )
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
    (14,552,000 )
Weighted-average OAS — residential
    12.27 %
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
  $ (4,242,000 )
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
    (8,246,000 )
Weighted-average discount rate — commercial
    18.00 %
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
  $ (1,085,000 )
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
    (2,094,000 )
 
8.   Goodwill and other intangible assets
In accordance with SFAS No. 142, the Company does not amortize goodwill associated with corporate acquisitions, however, core deposit and other intangible assets are amortized over the estimated life of each respective asset. Total amortizing intangible assets were comprised of the following:
 
                         
    Gross Carrying
    Accumulated
    Net Carrying
 
    Amount     Amortization     Amount  
          (In thousands)        
 
December 31, 2006
                       
Core deposit
  $ 574,544     $ 354,287     $ 220,257  
Other
    115,250       85,274       29,976  
                         
Total
  $ 689,794     $ 439,561     $ 250,233  
                         
December 31, 2005
                       
Core deposit
  $ 385,725     $ 303,694     $ 82,031  
Other
    99,088       72,859       26,229  
                         
Total
  $ 484,813     $ 376,553     $ 108,260  
                         
 
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets was generally computed using accelerated methods over original amortization periods of five to ten years. The weighted-average original amortization period was approximately eight years. The remaining weighted-average amortization period as of December 31, 2006 was also approximately eight years. Amortization expense for core deposit and other intangible assets was $63,008,000, $56,805,000, and $75,410,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Estimated amortization expense in future years for such intangible assets is as follows:
 
         
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
       
2007
  $ 65,002  
2008
    50,145  
2009
    40,477  
2010
    31,225  
2011
    20,397  
Later years
    42,987  
         
    $ 250,233  
         
 
Also in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, the Company completed annual goodwill impairment tests as of October 1, 2004, 2005 and 2006. For purposes of testing for impairment, the Company assigned all recorded goodwill to the reporting units originally intended to benefit from past business combinations. Goodwill was generally assigned based on the implied fair value of the acquired goodwill applicable to the benefited reporting units at the time of each respective acquisition. The
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

implied fair value of the goodwill was determined as the difference between the estimated incremental overall fair value of the reporting unit and the estimated fair value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit as of each respective acquisition date. To test for goodwill impairment at each evaluation date, the Company compared the estimated fair value of each of its reporting units to their respective carrying amounts and certain other assets and liabilities assigned to the reporting unit, including goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets. The methodologies used to estimate fair values of reporting units as of the acquisition dates and as of the evaluation dates were similar. For the Company’s core customer relationship business reporting units, fair value was estimated as the present value of the expected future cash flows of the reporting unit. The Company’s non-relationship business reporting units were individually analyzed and fair value was largely determined by comparisons to market transactions for similar businesses. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment tests, the Company concluded that the amount of recorded goodwill was not impaired at the respective testing dates.
A summary of goodwill assigned to each of the Company’s reportable segments for purposes of testing for impairment was as follows:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Commercial Banking
  $ 838,165     $ 838,165  
Commercial Real Estate
    255,166       255,166  
Discretionary Portfolio
           
Residential Mortgage Banking
           
Retail Banking
    1,440,925       1,440,925  
All Other
    374,593       369,825  
                 
Total
  $ 2,908,849     $ 2,904,081  
                 
 
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Notes to Financial Statements — (Continued)
 

9.   Borrowings
The amounts and interest rates of short-term borrowings were as follows:
 
                         
    Federal Funds
             
    Purchased
             
    and
    Other
       
    Repurchase
    Short-term
       
    Agreements     Borrowings     Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
At December 31, 2006
                       
Amount outstanding
  $ 2,531,684     $ 562,530     $ 3,094,214  
Weighted-average interest rate
    5.14 %     5.30 %     5.17 %
For the year ended December 31, 2006
                       
Highest amount at a month-end
  $ 4,533,796     $ 980,361          
Daily-average amount outstanding
    3,888,739       640,893     $ 4,529,632  
Weighted-average interest rate
    5.01 %     5.18 %     5.03 %
At December 31, 2005
                       
Amount outstanding
  $ 4,211,978     $ 940,894     $ 5,152,872  
Weighted-average interest rate
    4.07 %     4.26 %     4.10 %
For the year ended December 31, 2005
                       
Highest amount at a month-end
  $ 4,547,239     $ 1,136,923          
Daily-average amount outstanding
    4,232,002       658,229     $ 4,890,231  
Weighted-average interest rate
    3.20 %     3.40 %     3.23 %
At December 31, 2004
                       
Amount outstanding
  $ 3,924,576     $ 779,088     $ 4,703,664  
Weighted-average interest rate
    2.08 %     2.16 %     2.09 %
For the year ended December 31, 2004
                       
Highest amount at a month-end
  $ 5,039,431     $ 779,088          
Daily-average amount outstanding
    4,575,951       565,685     $ 5,141,636  
Weighted-average interest rate
    1.36 %     1.59 %     1.38 %
 
In general, federal funds purchased and short-term repurchase agreements outstanding at December 31, 2006 matured on the next business day following year-end. Other short-term borrowings included a $500 million revolving asset-backed structured borrowing with an unaffiliated conduit lender. Further information related to the revolving asset-backed structured borrowing is provided in note 18. The remaining balance of other short-term borrowings included borrowings from the U.S. Treasury and have original maturities of one year or less.
At December 31, 2006, the Company had lines of credit under formal agreements as follows:
 
                         
                M&T
 
    M&T     M&T Bank     Bank, N.A.  
    (In thousands)  
 
Outstanding borrowings
  $     $ 3,431,129     $  
Unused
    30,000       7,634,299       73,212  
 
M&T has a revolving credit agreement with an unaffiliated commercial bank whereby M&T may borrow up to $30 million at its discretion through December 7, 2007. At December 31, 2006, M&T Bank had borrowing facilities available with the FHLB whereby M&T Bank could borrow up to approximately $6.8 billion. Additionally, M&T Bank and M&T Bank, National Association (“M&T Bank, N.A.”), a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T, had available lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York totaling approximately $4.3 billion, under which there were no borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2006 or 2005. M&T Bank and M&T Bank, N.A. are required to pledge loans or investment securities as collateral for these borrowing facilities.
 
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Long-term borrowings were as follows:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Subordinated notes of M&T Bank:
               
8% due 2010
  $ 131,957     $ 132,118  
3.85% due 2013
    399,892       399,806  
5.585% due 2020, variable rate commencing 2015
    351,987       347,742  
5.629% due 2021, variable rate commencing 2016
    492,945        
Subordinated notes of M&T:
               
7.2% due 2007
    203,193       209,579  
6.875% due 2009
    103,916       105,594  
Senior medium term notes — 6.5% due 2008
    29,368       28,921  
Advances from FHLB:
               
Variable rates
    2,800,000       2,850,000  
Fixed rates
    629,438       1,025,145  
Junior subordinated debentures associated with preferred capital securities of:
               
M&T Capital Trust I — 8.234%
    154,640       154,640  
M&T Capital Trust II — 8.277%
    103,093       103,093  
M&T Capital Trust III — 9.25%
    68,384       68,709  
First Maryland Capital I — Variable rate
    143,652       143,102  
First Maryland Capital II — Variable rate
    141,322       140,660  
Allfirst Asset Trust — Variable rate
    101,796       101,640  
Agreements to repurchase securities
    1,025,001       375,001  
Other
    10,157       11,244  
                 
    $ 6,890,741     $ 6,196,994  
                 
 
The subordinated notes of M&T Bank are unsecured and are subordinate to the claims of depositors and other creditors of M&T Bank. In December 2006, M&T Bank issued $500 million of subordinated notes which bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.629% until December 2016 and a floating rate thereafter until maturity in December 2021, at a rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus .64%. Beginning December 2016, M&T Bank may, at its option and subject to prior regulatory approval, redeem some or all of the notes on any interest payment date. In December 2005, M&T Bank completed an offer to the holders of its 8% subordinated notes due October 2010 to exchange their notes for fixed rate/floating rate subordinated notes due December 2020. Approximately $363 million of the 8% notes with a carrying value of $348 million were exchanged for new subordinated notes with a face value of $409 million. The new subordinated notes bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.585% until December 2015 and a floating rate of interest thereafter until maturity in December 2020, at a rate equal to the one-month LIBOR plus 1.215%. Beginning December 2015, M&T Bank may, at its option and subject to prior regulatory approval, redeem some or all of the new notes on any interest payment date. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company accounted for the exchange as a modification of debt terms and not as an extinguishment of debt because, among other factors, the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new subordinated notes was not at least ten percent different from the present value of the cash flows under the original terms of the exchanged subordinated notes. Coincident with the exchange, M&T Bank terminated $363 million of interest rate swap agreements that were used to hedge the 8.0% subordinated notes that were exchanged. A $15 million valuation adjustment on the previously hedged notes was included in the carrying value of the new subordinated notes. That valuation adjustment is being amortized to interest expense over the period to expected maturity of the new notes. The unamortized balance of such valuation adjustment was
 
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$14 million and $15 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The new subordinated notes have an effective rate of 7.76%.
The subordinated notes of M&T are unsecured and subordinate to the general creditors of M&T. The senior medium term notes were issued in 1998 by Keystone Financial Mid-Atlantic Funding Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of M&T that was acquired in 2000. The notes provide for semi-annual interest payments at fixed rates of interest and are guaranteed by M&T.
Long-term variable rate advances from the FHLB had contractual interest rates that ranged from 5.31% to 5.37% at December 31, 2006 and from 4.16% to 4.45% at December 31, 2005. The weighted-average contractual interest rates were 5.35% and 4.32% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Long-term fixed-rate advances from the FHLB had contractual interest rates ranging from 4.05% to 7.32% at December 31, 2006 and from 4.05% to 8.29% at December 31, 2005. The weighted-average contractual interest rates payable were 5.52% and 5.28% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Advances from the FHLB mature at various dates through 2029 and are secured by residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans and investment securities.
Long-term agreements to repurchase securities had contractual interest rates that ranged from 3.91% to 5.14% at December 31, 2006 and from 3.37% to 4.80% at December 31, 2005. The weighted-average contractual interest rates were 4.24% and 3.75% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The agreements outstanding at December 31, 2006 reflect various repurchase dates through 2016, however, the contractual maturities of the underlying investment securities extend beyond such repurchase dates.
M&T Capital Trust I (“Trust I”), M&T Capital Trust II (“Trust II”), and M&T Capital Trust III (“Trust III”) have issued fixed rate preferred capital securities aggregating $310 million. First Maryland Capital I (“Trust IV”) and First Maryland Capital II (“Trust V”) have issued floating rate preferred capital securities aggregating $300 million. The distribution rates on the preferred capital securities of Trust IV and Trust V adjust quarterly based on changes in the three-month LIBOR and were 6.37% and 6.22%, respectively, at December 31, 2006 and 5.15% and 5.10%, respectively, at December 31, 2005. Trust I, Trust II, Trust III, Trust IV and Trust V are referred to herein collectively as the “Trusts.”
Other than the following payment terms (and the redemption terms described below), the preferred capital securities issued by the Trusts (“Capital Securities”) are substantially identical in all material respects:
 
             
Trust
 
Distribution Rate
 
Distribution Dates
 
Trust I
  8.234%   February 1 and August 1
Trust II
  8.277%   June 1 and December 1
Trust III
  9.25%   February 1 and August 1
Trust IV
  LIBOR plus 1.00%   January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15
Trust V
  LIBOR plus .85%   February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1
 
The common securities of each Trust (“Common Securities”) are wholly owned by M&T and are the only class of each Trust’s securities possessing general voting powers. The Capital Securities represent preferred undivided interests in the assets of the corresponding Trust. Under the Federal Reserve Board’s current risk-based capital guidelines, the Capital Securities are includable in M&T’s Tier 1 (core) capital.
 
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The proceeds from the issuances of the Capital Securities and Common Securities were used by the Trusts to purchase junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Junior Subordinated Debentures”) of M&T as follows:
 
             
    Capital
  Common
   
Trust
 
Securities
 
Securities
 
Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
Trust I
  $150 million   $4.64 million   $154.64 million aggregate liquidation amount of 8.234% Junior Subordinated Debentures due February 1, 2027.
Trust II
  $100 million   $3.09 million   $103.09 million aggregate liquidation amount of 8.277% Junior Subordinated Debentures due June 1, 2027.
Trust III
  $60 million   $1.856 million   $61.856 million aggregate liquidation amount of 9.25% Junior Subordinated Debentures due February 1, 2027.
Trust IV
  $150 million   $4.64 million   $154.64 million aggregate liquidation amount of floating rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due January 15, 2027.
Trust V
  $150 million   $4.64 million   $154.64 million aggregate liquidation amount of floating rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due February 1, 2027.
 
The Junior Subordinated Debentures represent the sole assets of each Trust and payments under the Junior Subordinated Debentures are the sole source of cash flow for each Trust. The financial statement carrying values of junior subordinated debentures associated with preferred capital securities at December 31, 2006 and 2005 of Trust III, Trust IV and Trust V include the unamortized portions of purchase accounting adjustments to reflect estimated fair value as of the date of M&T’s acquisition of the common securities of each respective trust. The interest rates payable on the Junior Subordinated Debentures of Trust IV and Trust V were 6.37% and 6.22%, respectively, at December 31, 2006 and 5.15% and 5.10%, respectively, at December 31, 2005.
Holders of the Capital Securities receive preferential cumulative cash distributions on each distribution date at the stated distribution rate unless M&T exercises its right to extend the payment of interest on the Junior Subordinated Debentures for up to ten semi-annual periods (in the case of Trust  I, Trust II and Trust III) or twenty quarterly periods (in the case of Trust IV and Trust V), in which case payment of distributions on the respective Capital Securities will be deferred for comparable periods. During an extended interest period, M&T may not pay dividends or distributions on, or repurchase, redeem or acquire any shares of its capital stock. The agreements governing the Capital Securities, in the aggregate, provide a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee by M&T of the payment of distributions on, the redemption of, and any liquidation distribution with respect to the Capital Securities. The obligations under such guarantee and the Capital Securities are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all senior indebtedness of M&T.
The Capital Securities will remain outstanding until the Junior Subordinated Debentures are repaid at maturity, are redeemed prior to maturity or are distributed in liquidation to the Trusts. The Capital Securities are mandatorily redeemable in whole, but not in part, upon repayment at the stated maturity dates of the Junior Subordinated Debentures or the earlier redemption of the Junior Subordinated Debentures in whole upon the occurrence of one or more events (“Events”) set forth in the indentures relating to the Capital Securities, and in whole or in part at any time after the stated optional redemption dates (January 15, 2007 in the case of Trust IV, February 1, 2007 in the case of Trust I, Trust III and Trust V, and June 1, 2007 in the case of Trust II) contemporaneously with the optional redemption of the related Junior Subordinated Debentures in whole or in part. The Junior Subordinated
 
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Debentures are redeemable prior to their stated maturity dates at M&T’s option (i) on or after the stated optional redemption dates, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, or (ii) in whole, but not in part, at any time within 90 days following the occurrence and during the continuation of one or more of the Events, in each case subject to possible regulatory approval. The redemption price of the Capital Securities and the related Junior Subordinated Debentures upon early redemption will be expressed as a percentage of the liquidation amount plus accumulated but unpaid distributions. In the case of Trust I, such percentage adjusts annually and ranges from 104.117% at February 1, 2007 to 100.412% for the annual period ending January 31, 2017, after which the percentage is 100%, subject to a make-whole amount if the early redemption occurs prior to February 1, 2007. In the case of Trust II, such percentage adjusts annually and ranges from 104.139% at June 1, 2007 to 100.414% for the annual period ending May 31, 2017, after which the percentage is 100%, subject to a make-whole amount if the early redemption occurs prior to June 1, 2007. In the case of Trust III, such percentage adjusts annually and ranges from 104.625% at February 1, 2007 to 100.463% for the annual period ending January 31, 2017, after which the percentage is 100%, subject to a make-whole amount if the early redemption occurs prior to February 1, 2007. In the case of Trust IV and Trust V, the redemption price upon early redemption will be equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus any accrued but unpaid distributions to the redemption date.
Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust (“Allfirst Capital Trust”) has issued $100 million of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Subordinated Trust Enhanced Securities (“SKATES”). Allfirst Capital Trust is a Delaware business trust that was formed for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing the SKATES and common securities, (ii) purchasing Asset Preferred Securities issued by Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust (“Allfirst Asset Trust”) and (iii) engaging in only those other activities necessary or incidental thereto. M&T holds 100% of the common securities of Allfirst Capital Trust. Allfirst Asset Trust is a Delaware business trust that was formed for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing Asset Preferred Securities and common securities, (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the Asset Preferred Securities in junior subordinated debentures of M&T and other permitted investments and (iii) engaging in only those other activities necessary or incidental thereto. M&T holds 100% of the common securities of Allfirst Asset Trust and Allfirst Capital Trust holds 100% of the Asset Preferred Securities of Allfirst Asset Trust. M&T currently has outstanding $105.3 million aggregate liquidation amount Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due July 15, 2029 that are payable to Allfirst Asset Trust. The interest rates payable on such debentures were 6.80% and 5.58% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Distributions on the SKATES are non-cumulative. The distribution rate on the SKATES and on the Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures is a rate per annum of three-month LIBOR plus 1.50% and three-month LIBOR plus 1.43%, respectively, reset quarterly two business days prior to the distribution dates of January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15 in each year. Distributions on the SKATES will be paid if, as and when Allfirst Capital Trust has funds available for payment. The SKATES are subject to mandatory redemption if the Asset Preferred Securities of Allfirst Asset Trust are redeemed. Allfirst Asset Trust will redeem the Asset Preferred Securities if the junior subordinated debentures of M&T held by Allfirst Asset Trust are redeemed. M&T may redeem such junior subordinated debentures, in whole or in part, at any time on or after July 15, 2009, subject to regulatory approval. Allfirst Asset Trust will redeem the Asset Preferred Securities at par plus accrued and unpaid distributions from the last distribution payment date. M&T has guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, the payment in full of all distributions and other payments on the SKATES and on the Asset Preferred Securities to the extent that Allfirst Capital Trust and Allfirst Asset Trust, respectively, have funds legally available. Under the Federal Reserve Board’s current risk-based capital guidelines, the SKATES are includable in M&T’s Tier 1 Capital.
 
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Long-term borrowings at December 31, 2006 mature as follows:
 
         
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
       
2007
  $ 518,543  
2008
    2,171,347  
2009
    634,800  
2010
    532,807  
2011
     
Later years
    3,033,244  
         
    $ 6,890,741  
         
 
10.   Stock-based compensation plans
The Company recognizes expense for stock-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting. For 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company recognized $51 million, $45 million and $48 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense and $13 million, $11 million and $13 million, respectively, of related income tax benefits. As required, coincident with the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company began accelerating the recognition of compensation costs for stock-based awards granted to retirement-eligible employees and employees who become retirement-eligible prior to full vesting of the award because the Company’s incentive compensation plans allow for vesting at the time an employee retires. Stock-based compensation granted to retirement-eligible individuals through December 31, 2005 was expensed over the normal vesting period with any remaining unrecognized compensation cost recognized at the time of retirement. This change affected the timing of stock-based compensation expense recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for 2006, but did not affect the value ascribed to stock-based compensation granted to employees nor the aggregate amount of stock-based compensation expense to be recognized by the Company. The acceleration of such expense increased stock-based compensation expense for 2006 by $4 million ($3 million after taxes), and reduced basic and diluted earnings per share by $.03 from what would otherwise have been recognized in that period had the expense recognition not been accelerated. If not for this required change, the additional $4 million of stock-based compensation expense recognized in 2006 would have been recognized throughout 2007, 2008 and 2009 following the normal vesting schedule for stock options granted by the Company.
 
Stock option plans
The Company’s 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan allows for the issuance of various forms of stock-based compensation, including stock options, restricted stock and performance-based awards. Through December 31, 2006, only stock options that vest with the passage of time as service is provided have been issued. Stock options issued generally vest over four years and are exercisable over terms not exceeding ten years and one day. In 2005, the Company granted 125,600 options to substantially all employees who had not been previously receiving awards. The options granted under that award vest three years after grant date and are exercisable for a period of seven years thereafter. The 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan allows for share grants not to exceed 6,000,000 shares of stock plus the shares that remained available for grant under a prior plan. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, there were 7,199,903 and 8,810,196 shares available for future grant.
The Company used an option pricing model to estimate the grant date present value of stock options granted. The weighted-average estimated grant date value per option was $28.10 in 2006, $22.96 in 2005 and $22.64 in 2004. The values were calculated using the following weighted-average assumptions; an option term of 6.5 years (representing the estimated period between grant date and exercise date based on historical data); a risk-free interest rate of 4.28% in 2006, 3.95% in 2005 and 3.53% in 2004 (representing the yield on a U.S. Treasury security with a remaining term equal to the expected option term); expected volatility of 24% in 2006, 21% in 2005 and 24% in 2004 (based on historical volatility of M&T’s common stock price); and estimated dividend yields of 1.65% in 2006, 1.57% in 2005
 
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and 1.31% in 2004 (representing the approximate annualized cash dividend rate paid with respect to a share of common stock at or near the grant date). Based on historical data and projected employee turnover rates, the Company reduced the estimated value of stock options for purposes of recognizing stock-based compensation expense by 7% in 2006 and 8% in 2005 and 2004 to reflect the probability of forfeiture prior to vesting. Aggregate fair value of options expected to vest that were granted in 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $49 million, $41 million and $47 million, respectively.
A summary of stock option activity follows:
 
                                 
    Stock
    Weighted-Average     Aggregate
 
    Options
    Exercise
    Life
    Intrinsic Value
 
    Outstanding     Price     (In Years)     (In Thousands)  
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2006
    10,454,663     $ 73.81                  
Granted
    1,726,458       109.02                  
Exercised
    (1,407,496 )     55.13                  
Cancelled
    (116,165 )     98.98                  
                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
    10,657,460     $ 81.71       6.0     $ 431,136  
                                 
Exercisable at December 31, 2006
    5,674,317     $ 66.33       4.3     $ 316,820  
                                 
 
For 2006, 2005 and 2004, M&T received $68 million, $85 million and $60 million, respectively, in cash and realized $27 million, $31 million and $30 million, respectively, in tax benefits from the exercise of stock options. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised during those periods was $86 million, $92 million and $93 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2006, there was $42 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $37 million, $41 million and $36 million, respectively. Upon the exercise of stock options, the Company generally issues shares from treasury stock to the extent available, but may also issue new shares.
 
Stock purchase plan
The stock purchase plan provides eligible employees of the Company with the right to purchase shares of M&T common stock through accumulated payroll deductions. Shares of M&T common stock will be issued at the end of an option period, typically one year or six months. In connection with the employee stock purchase plan, 1,000,000 shares of M&T common stock were authorized for issuance, of which 392,955 shares have been issued, including 102,400 shares in 2006, 103,694 shares in 2005 and 104,378 shares in 2004. For 2006, 2005 and 2004, M&T received $10 million, $9 million and $8 million, respectively, in cash for shares purchased through the employee stock purchase plan.
Similar to the stock option plans, the Company used an option pricing model to estimate the grant date present value of purchase rights under the stock purchase plan. The estimated weighted-average grant date value per right was $16.43 in 2006, $14.44 in 2005 and $11.93 in 2004. Such values were calculated using the following weighted-average assumptions: a term of six months to one year (representing the period between grant date and exercise date); a risk-free interest rate of 4.95% in 2006, 3.64% in 2005 and 1.84% in 2004 (representing the yield on a U.S. Treasury security with a like term); expected volatility of 14% in 2006, 16% in 2005 and 17% in 2004 (based on historical volatility of M&T’s common stock price); and an estimated dividend yield of 1.96% in 2006, 1.67% in 2005 and 1.68% in 2004 (representing the approximate annualized cash dividend rate paid with respect to a share of common stock at or near the grant date).
 
Deferred bonus plan
The Company provides a deferred bonus plan pursuant to which eligible employees may elect to defer all or a portion of their current annual incentive compensation awards and allocate such awards to several investment options, including M&T common stock. Participants may elect the timing of distributions from the plan. Such distributions are payable in cash with the exception of balances allocated to M&T
 
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common stock which are distributable in the form of M&T common stock. Shares of M&T common stock distributable pursuant to the terms of the deferred bonus plan were 61,757 and 70,132 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The obligation to issue shares is included in common stock issuable in the consolidated balance sheet. Through December 31, 2006, 91,407 shares have been issued in connection with the deferred bonus plan.
 
Directors’ stock plan
The Company maintains a compensation plan for non-employee members of the Company’s boards of directors and directors advisory councils that allows such members to receive all or a portion of their compensation in shares of M&T common stock. Through December 31, 2006, 81,603 shares have been issued in connection with the directors’ stock plan.
Through an acquisition, the Company assumed an obligation to issue shares of M&T common stock related to a deferred directors compensation plan. Shares of common stock issuable under such plan were 29,192 and 30,166 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The obligation to issue shares is included in common stock issuable in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
Management stock ownership program
Through an acquisition, M&T obtained loans that are secured by M&T common stock purchased by former executives of the acquired entity. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the loan amounts owed M&T were less than the fair value of the financed stock purchased and totaled $4 million. Such loans are classified as a reduction of additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. The amounts are due to M&T no later than October 5, 2010.
 
11.   Pension plans and other postretirement benefits
The Company provides pension (defined benefit and defined contribution plans) and other postretirement benefits (including defined benefit health care and life insurance plans) to qualified retired employees. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for all of its plans.
Net periodic pension expense for defined benefit plans consisted of the following:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
          (In thousands)        
 
Service cost
  $ 22,224     $ 31,240     $ 28,505  
Interest cost on benefit obligation
    35,315       39,041       36,704  
Expected return on plan assets
    (38,784 )     (37,579 )     (37,642 )
Amortization of prior service cost
    (6,559 )     245       57  
Recognized net actuarial loss
    8,045       5,190       2,332  
                         
Net periodic pension expense
  $ 20,241     $ 38,137     $ 29,956  
                         
 
Net other postretirement benefits expense for defined benefit plans consisted of the following:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Service cost
  $ 573     $ 490     $ 879  
Interest cost on benefit obligation
    3,770       3,721       5,426  
Amortization of prior service cost
    170       170       170  
Recognized net actuarial loss
    270       12       889  
                         
Net other postretirement benefits expense
  $ 4,783     $ 4,393     $ 7,364  
                         
 
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Data relating to the funding position of the defined benefit plans were as follows:
 
                                 
          Other
 
    Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
          (In thousands)        
 
Change in benefit obligation:
                               
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
  $ 659,728     $ 654,886     $ 66,941     $ 87,338  
Service cost
    22,224       31,240       573       490  
Interest cost
    35,315       39,041       3,770       3,721  
Plan participants’ contributions
                2,427       2,291  
Amendments
          (69,623 )            
Actuarial (gain) loss
    (27,382 )     66,794       1,225       (14,926 )
Curtailments
          (27,891 )            
Benefits paid
    (35,173 )     (34,719 )     (10,613 )     (11,973 )
                                 
Benefit obligation at end of year
    654,712       659,728       64,323       66,941  
                                 
Change in plan assets:
                               
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    452,271       465,462              
Actual return on plan assets
    56,522       15,750              
Employer contributions
    40,495       5,778       8,186       9,682  
Plan participants’ contributions
                2,427       2,291  
Benefits and other payments
    (35,173 )     (34,719 )     (10,613 )     (11,973 )
                                 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    514,115       452,271              
                                 
Funded status
  $ (140,597 )   $ (207,457 )   $ (64,323 )   $ (66,941 )
                                 
Assets and liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance
                               
sheet were:
                               
Net prepaid asset
  $ 1,017     $ 4,575     $     $  
Intangible asset
          121              
Accrued liabilities
  $ (141,614 )   $ (207,875 )   $ (64,323 )   $ (59,939 )
                                 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) were:
                               
Net loss
  $ 101,389             $ 6,821          
Net prior service cost
    (62,807 )             931          
                                 
Pre-tax adjustment to AOCI
    38,582     $ 80,909       7,752     $  
Taxes
    (15,048 )     (31,555 )     (3,023 )      
                                 
Net adjustment to AOCI
  $ 23,534     $ 49,354     $ 4,729     $  
                                 
 
The Company has an unfunded supplemental pension plan for certain key executives. The projected benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation included in the preceding data related to such plan were $44,125,000 and $43,413,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2006 and were each $46,923,000 as of December 31, 2005.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $649,925,000 and $659,728,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans,” which requires an employer to recognize in its balance sheet as an asset or liability the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the
 
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benefit obligation. For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other postretirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. SFAS No. 158 requires that gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period, but are not included as components of net periodic benefit expense pursuant to SFAS No. 87 or SFAS No. 106, be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. An employer with publicly-traded equity securities is required to initially recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006. As indicated in the preceding table, the Company recorded an additional minimum liability totaling $46,334,000 ($38,582,000 related to pension plans and $7,752,000 related to other postretirement benefits) with a corresponding reduction of stockholders’ equity, net of applicable deferred taxes, of $28,263,000. Of the $38,582,000 related to pension plans, $7,955,000 was related to unfunded nonqualified defined benefit plans. Because the recognition requirements of SFAS No. 158 were required to be applied at the end of the year of adoption, the Company had to first recognize the minimum liability amounts required under the provisions of SFAS No. 87. As a result, as of December 31, 2006 the Company decreased its previously recorded minimum pension liability by $50,708,000 with a corresponding increase to other comprehensive income that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was $30,932,000. In order to recognize the funded status of the Company’s combined postretirement defined benefit plans under the provisions of SFAS No. 158, the Company then recorded an incremental minimum liability of $16,166,000 with a corresponding reduction of stockholders’ equity that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was $9,841,000. In total, the Company decreased its minimum liability from that which was recorded at December 31, 2005 by $34,542,000 with a corresponding increase to stockholders’ equity that, net of applicable deferred taxes, was $21,091,000. The following table reflects the amortization of amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit expense during 2007:
 
                 
          Other
 
          Postretirement
 
    Pension Plans     Benefit Plans  
    (In thousands)  
 
Amortization of net prior service cost (credit)
  $ (6,559 )   $ 170  
Amortization of net loss
    3,954       29  
 
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company amended certain provisions of its defined benefit pension plans. The formula was changed to reduce the future accrual of benefits by lowering the accrual percentage and through use of a career-average-pay formula as opposed to the previous final-average-pay formula. The amendments affected benefits earned for service periods beginning after December 31, 2005. The amendments caused the projected benefit obligation associated with the defined benefit plans to decrease by approximately $98 million as of December 31, 2005. There was no corresponding effect on the accumulated benefit obligation. Amortization of prior service credits lowered pension expense in 2006 by approximately $7 million. Also effective January 1, 2006, the Company began to provide a new qualified defined contribution pension plan. Active participants in the old defined benefit plan had the choice of electing to remain in the defined benefit plan under the reduced benefit formula, or electing to participate in the new qualified defined contribution plan. Under the new defined contribution pension plan, the Company makes contributions to the plan each year in an amount that is based on an individual participant’s total compensation (generally defined as total wages, incentive compensation, commissions and bonuses) and years of service. Participants do not contribute to the defined contribution pension plan. Employees who were not participants in the defined benefit plan at December 31, 2005 can no longer participate in that plan, but are eligible to participate in the defined contribution plan. Pension expense recorded in 2006 associated with the defined contribution pension plan was approximately $7 million.
As of December 31, 2006, the accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $643,095,000 (including $43,413,000 related to the unfunded supplemental pension plan) and $506,268,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, the accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension plans
 
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with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $652,758,000 (including $46,923,000 related to the unfunded supplemental pension plan) and $444,883,000, respectively.
The assumed weighted-average rates used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were:
 
                                 
          Other
 
    Pension
    Postretirement
 
    Benefits     Benefits  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Discount rate
    5.75 %     5.50 %     5.75 %     5.50 %
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    4.70 %     4.90 %            
 
The assumed weighted-average rates used to determine net benefit expense for the years ended December 31 were:
 
                                                 
          Other
 
    Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
    2006     2005     2004     2006     2005     2004  
 
Discount rate
    5.50 %     6.00 %     6.25 %     5.50 %     6.00 %     6.25 %
Long-term rate of return on plan assets
    8.50 %     8.50 %     8.50 %                  
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    4.90 %     4.91 %     4.92 %                  
 
Weighted-average pension plan asset allocations based on the fair value of such assets at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and target allocations for 2007, by asset category, are as follows:
 
                         
    December 31     Target
 
    2006     2005     Allocation 2007  
 
Equity securities
    66 %     63 %     55-75 %
Debt securities
    31       33       25-40  
Other
    3       4       0-15  
                         
Total
    100 %     100 %        
                         
 
The expected long-term rate of return assumption as of each measurement date was determined by taking into consideration asset allocations as of each such date, target allocations of assets, historical returns on the types of assets held and current economic factors. The Company’s investment policy for determining the asset allocation targets was developed based on the desire to maximize total return while placing a strong emphasis on preservation of capital. In general, it is hoped that, in the aggregate, changes in the fair value of plan assets will be less volatile than similar changes in appropriate market indices. Returns on invested assets are periodically compared with target market indices for each asset type to aid management in evaluating such returns. Furthermore, management regularly reviews the investment policy and may, if deemed appropriate, make changes to the target allocations presented above.
Pension plan assets included common stock of M&T with a fair value of $40,059,000 (8% of total plan assets) at December 31, 2006 and $35,760,000 (8% of total plan assets) at December 31, 2005.
The Company makes contributions to its funded qualified defined benefit pension plans as required by government regulation or as deemed appropriate by management after considering the fair value of plan assets, expected returns on such assets, and the present value of benefit obligations of the plans. Subject to the impact of actual events and circumstances that may occur in 2007, the Company may make contributions to the qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2007, but the amount of any such contribution has not yet been determined. No minimum contribution is required in 2007 under government regulations for qualified defined benefit pension plans. The Company contributed $36 million to the qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2006. There were no contributions to such plans in 2005. The Company regularly funds the payment of benefit obligations for the supplemental defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans because such plans do not hold assets for investment. Payments made by the Company for supplemental pension benefits were $4,835,000 and $5,778,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Payments made by the Company for postretirement benefits were $8,186,000
 
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and $9,682,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Payments for supplemental pension and other postretirement benefits for 2007 are not expected to differ from those made in 2006 by an amount that will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position.
Estimated benefits expected to be paid in future years related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefits plans are as follows:
 
                 
          Other
 
    Pension
    Postretirement
 
    Benefits     Benefits  
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
               
2007
  $ 26,609     $ 7,483  
2008
    26,866       7,022  
2009
    25,660       6,823  
2010
    30,062       6,641  
2011
    35,227       6,431  
2012 through 2016
    205,596       29,250  
 
For measurement of other postretirement benefits, a 9% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2007. The rate was assumed to decrease gradually to 5% over 5 years and remain constant thereafter. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have had the following effects:
 
                 
    +1%     -1%  
    (In thousands)  
 
Increase (decrease) in:
               
Service and interest cost
  $ 202     $ (180 )
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
    3,572       (3,179 )
 
The Company has a retirement savings plan (“Savings Plan”) that is a defined contribution plan in which eligible employees of the Company may defer up to 50% of qualified compensation via contributions to the plan. The Company makes an employer matching contribution in an amount equal to 75% of an employee’s contribution, up to 4.5% of the employee’s qualified compensation. Employees’ accounts, including employee contributions, employer matching contributions and accumulated earnings thereon, are at all times fully vested and nonforfeitable. Employee benefits expense resulting from the Company’s contributions to the Savings Plan totaled $21,152,000, $16,507,000 and $16,215,000 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
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12.   Income taxes
The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Current
                       
Federal
  $ 439,632     $ 453,425     $ 427,568  
State and city
    21,070       23,382       54,030  
                         
Total current
    460,702       476,807       481,598  
                         
Deferred
                       
Federal
    (56,981 )     (79,383 )     (88,904 )
State and city
    (11,268 )     (8,688 )     (48,692 )
                         
Total deferred
    (68,249 )     (88,071 )     (137,596 )
                         
Total income taxes applicable to pre-tax income
  $ 392,453     $ 388,736     $ 344,002  
                         
The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return reflecting taxable income earned by all subsidiaries. In prior years, applicable federal tax law allowed certain financial institutions the option of deducting as bad debt expense for tax purposes amounts in excess of actual losses. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, such financial institutions were not required to provide deferred income taxes on such excess. Recapture of the excess tax bad debt reserve established under the previously allowed method will result in taxable income if M&T Bank fails to maintain bank status as defined in the Internal Revenue Code or charges are made to the reserve for other than bad debt losses. At December 31, 2006, M&T Bank’s tax bad debt reserve for which no federal income taxes have been provided was $74,021,000. No actions are planned that would cause this reserve to become wholly or partially taxable.
The portion of income taxes attributable to gains or losses on bank investment securities was an expense of $976,000 in 2006, a benefit of $5,434,000 in 2005, and an expense of $1,121,000 in 2004. No alternative minimum tax expense was recognized in 2006, 2005 or 2004.
Total income taxes differed from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
          (In thousands)        
 
Income taxes at statutory rate
  $ 431,075     $ 409,822     $ 373,283  
Increase (decrease) in taxes:
                       
Tax-exempt income
    (31,222 )     (27,548 )     (26,920 )
State and city income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, applicable to:
                       
Pre-tax income
    6,371       9,551       15,969  
Reorganization of subsidiaries
                (12,499 )
Other
    (13,771 )     (3,089 )     (5,831 )
                         
    $ 392,453     $ 388,736     $ 344,002  
                         
 
During 2004 the Company reorganized two of its subsidiaries which altered the taxable status of such subsidiaries in certain jurisdictions thereby decreasing the Company’s effective state income tax rate. As a result of the reorganizations, both income tax expense and deferred tax liabilities were reduced by $12,499,000 in 2004.
 
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Deferred tax assets (liabilities) were comprised of the following at December 31:
 
                         
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Losses on loans and other assets
  $ 302,061     $ 296,920     $ 293,664  
Postretirement and other employee benefits
    42,348       39,926       43,900  
Incentive compensation plans
    28,737       28,786       28,172  
Interest on loans
    23,399       21,871       19,895  
Retirement benefits
    40,600       64,215       28,048  
Stock-based compensation
    45,729       41,379       39,899  
Unrealized investment losses
    23,173       31,281        
Depreciation and amortization
    8,324              
Other
    20,526       20,324       26,334  
                         
Gross deferred tax assets
    534,897       544,702       479,912  
                         
Leasing transactions
    (317,854 )     (366,549 )     (444,467 )
Capitalized servicing rights
    (6,031 )     (16,964 )     (16,199 )
Interest on subordinated note exchange
    (21,093 )     (22,961 )      
Depreciation and amortization
          (342 )     (17,975 )
Unrealized investment gains
                (11,748 )
Other
    (12,191 )     (1,784 )     (8,086 )
                         
Gross deferred tax liabilities
    (357,169 )     (408,600 )     (498,475 )
                         
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
  $ 177,728     $ 136,102     $ (18,563 )
                         
 
The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized through taxable earnings or alternative tax strategies.
The income tax credits shown in the statement of income of M&T in note 24 arise principally from operating losses before dividends from subsidiaries.
 
13.   Earnings per share
The computations of basic earnings per share follow:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands, except per share)  
 
Income available to common stockholders:
                       
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
Weighted-average shares outstanding (including common stock issuable)
    111,173       113,689       117,696  
Basic earnings per share
  $ 7.55     $ 6.88     $ 6.14  
 
The computations of diluted earnings per share follow:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands, except per share)  
 
Income available to common stockholders
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
Weighted-average shares outstanding
    111,173       113,689       117,696  
Plus: incremental shares from assumed conversion of stock options
    2,745       2,543       2,710  
                         
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding
    113,918       116,232       120,406  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 7.37     $ 6.73     $ 6.00  
 
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14.   Comprehensive income
The following table displays the components of other comprehensive income:
 
                         
    Before-tax
    Income
       
    Amount     Taxes     Net  
    (In thousands)  
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006
                       
Unrealized gains on investment securities:
                       
Unrealized holding gains
  $ 33,939     $ (9,084 )   $ 24,855  
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income
    2,566       (976 )     1,590  
                         
      31,373       (8,108 )     23,265  
Minimum pension liability adjustment
    50,708       (19,776 )     30,932  
                         
Net unrealized gains
  $ 82,081     $ (27,884 )   $ 54,197  
                         
For the year ended December 31, 2005
                       
Unrealized losses on investment securities:
                       
Unrealized holding losses
  $ (115,026 )   $ 42,623     $ (72,403 )
Less: reclassification adjustment for losses recognized in net income
    (28,133 )     (406 )     (28,539 )
                         
      (86,893 )     43,029       (43,864 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment
    (60,422 )     23,565       (36,857 )
                         
Net unrealized losses
  $ (147,315 )   $ 66,594     $ (80,721 )
                         
For the year ended December 31, 2004
                       
Unrealized losses on investment securities:
                       
Unrealized holding losses
  $ (52,686 )   $ 11,616     $ (41,070 )
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income
    2,874       (1,121 )     1,753  
                         
      (55,560 )     12,737       (42,823 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment
    (64 )     25       (39 )
                         
Net unrealized losses
  $ (55,624 )   $ 12,762     $ (42,862 )
                         
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net consisted of unrealized gains (losses) as follows:
 
                         
          Defined
       
    Investment
    Benefit
       
    Securities     Plans     Total  
    (In thousands)  
 
Balance at January 1, 2004
  $ 38,111     $ (12,458 )   $ 25,653  
Net gain (loss) during 2004
    (42,823 )     (39 )     (42,862 )
                         
Balance at December 31, 2004
    (4,712 )     (12,497 )     (17,209 )
Net gain (loss) during 2005
    (43,864 )     (36,857 )     (80,721 )
                         
Balance at December 31, 2005
    (48,576 )     (49,354 )     (97,930 )
Net gain (loss) during 2006
    23,265       30,932       54,197  
Change in accounting for defined benefit plans (note 11)
          (9,841 )     (9,841 )
                         
Balance at December 31, 2006
  $ (25,311 )   $ (28,263 )   $ (53,574 )
                         
 
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15.   Other income and other expense
The following items, which exceeded 1% of total interest income and other income in the respective period, were included in either “other revenues from operations” or “other costs of operations” in the consolidated statement of income:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Other income:
                       
Bank owned life insurance
  $ 52,690     $ 46,695     $ 48,010  
Letter of credit fees
            38,600       33,579  
Other expense:
                       
Professional services
    85,421       101,096       76,868  
Amortization of capitalized servicing rights
    61,007       58,467       57,885  
Advertising and promotion
                    32,742  
 
16.   International activities
The Company engages in certain international activities consisting largely of collecting Eurodollar deposits, engaging in foreign currency trading, providing credit to support the international activities of domestic companies and holding certain loans to foreign borrowers. Net assets identified with international activities amounted to $185,175,000 and $230,021,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Such assets included $175,528,000 and $216,798,000, respectively, of loans to foreign borrowers. Deposits at M&T Bank’s offshore branch office were $5,429,668,000 and $2,809,532,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company uses such deposits to facilitate customer demand and as an alternative to short-term borrowings when the costs of such deposits seem reasonable.
 
17.   Derivative financial instruments
As part of managing interest rate risk, the Company has entered into several interest rate swap agreements. The agreements modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate swap agreements are generally entered into with counterparties that meet established credit standards and most contain collateral provisions protecting the at-risk party. The Company believes that the credit risk inherent in these contracts is not significant.
The Company designates interest rate swap agreements utilized in the management of interest rate risk as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges as defined in SFAS No. 133. Fair value hedges are intended to protect against exposure to changes in the fair value of designated assets or liabilities. Cash flow hedges are intended to protect against the variability of cash flows associated with designated assets or liabilities.
 
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Information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes summarized by type of financial instrument the swap agreements were intended to hedge follows:
 
                                         
                Weighted-
    Estimated Fair
 
    Notional
    Average
    Average Rate     Value — Gain
 
    Amount     Maturity     Fixed     Variable     (Loss)  
    (In thousands)     (In years)                 (In thousands)  
 
December 31, 2006
                                       
Fair value hedges:
                                       
Fixed rate time deposits(a)
  $ 390,000       2.9       4.58 %     5.24 %   $ (2,380 )
Fixed rate long-term borrowings(a)
    637,241       8.6       6.14 %     6.71 %     (12,625 )
                                         
    $ 1,027,241       6.4       5.55 %     6.15 %   $ (15,005 )
                                         
December 31, 2005
                                       
Fair value hedges:
                                       
Fixed rate time deposits(a)
  $ 515,000       2.9       4.15 %     4.14 %   $ (3,851 )
Fixed rate long-term borrowings(a)
    137,241       4.8       8.00 %     7.97 %     (4,997 )
                                         
    $ 652,241       3.3       4.96 %     4.95 %   $ (8,848 )
                                         
 
 
(a) Under the terms of these agreements, the Company receives settlement amounts at a fixed rate and pays at a variable rate.
 
The estimated fair value of interest rate swap agreements represents the amount the Company would have expected to receive (pay) to terminate such contracts. The estimated fair value of such swap agreements at December 31, 2006 and 2005 included gross unrealized gains of $115,000 and $81,000, respectively, and gross unrealized losses of $15,120,000 and $8,929,000, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the estimated fair values of interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges were substantially offset by unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of the hedged items.
The notional amount of interest rate swap agreements entered into for risk management purposes that were outstanding at December 31, 2006 mature as follows:
 
         
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
       
2007
  $ 150,000  
2008
    20,000  
2009
     
2010
    207,241  
2011
    70,000  
Later years
    580,000  
         
    $ 1,027,241  
         
 
The net effect of interest rate swap agreements was to decrease net interest income by $4,281,000 in 2006, and to increase net interest income by $5,526,000 in 2005 and $18,276,000 in 2004. The average notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements impacting net interest income that were entered into for interest rate risk management purposes were $774,268,000 in 2006, $767,175,000 in 2005 and $696,284,000 in 2004. The amount of hedge ineffectiveness recognized in 2006, 2005 and 2004 was not material to the Company’s results of operations.
The Company utilizes commitments to sell residential and commercial real estate loans to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments have been designated as fair value hedges. The Company also utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to offset
 
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the exposure to changes in the fair value of certain commitments to originate real estate loans for sale. As a result of these activities, net unrealized pre-tax gains related to hedged loans held for sale, commitments to originate loans for sale, and commitments to sell loans were approximately $4 million at December 31, 2006, compared with unrealized pre-tax losses of $5 million at December 31, 2005. Changes in unrealized gains or losses are included in mortgage banking revenues and, in general, are realized in subsequent periods as the related loans are sold and commitments satisfied.
Derivative financial instruments used for trading purposes included interest rate contracts, foreign exchange and other option contracts, foreign exchange forward and spot contracts, and financial futures. Interest rate contracts entered into for trading purposes had notional values and estimated fair value gains of $7.6 billion and $17,122,000, respectively, at December 31, 2006 and notional values and estimated fair value gains of $6.7 billion and $12,486,000, respectively, at December 31, 2005. Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts totaled approximately $613 million and $679 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Such contracts were valued at gains of $477,000 and $428,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Trading account assets and liabilities are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at estimated fair value. The following table includes information about the estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments used for trading purposes:
 
                 
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
December 31:
               
Gross unrealized gains
  $ 82,864     $ 89,810  
Gross unrealized losses
    65,265       76,896  
Year ended December 31:
               
Average gross unrealized gains
  $ 96,041     $ 93,465  
Average gross unrealized losses
    80,626       82,389  
 
Net gains realized from derivative financial instruments used for trading purposes were $14,800,000, $14,380,000 and $11,144,000 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 
18.   Variable interest entities and asset securitizations
 
Variable interest entities
Variable interest entities in which the Company holds a significant variable interest are described below.
M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC is a special purpose subsidiary of M&T Bank formed in 2002 for the purpose of borrowing $500 million in a revolving asset-backed structured borrowing with an unaffiliated conduit lender. The revolving asset-backed structured borrowing is secured by automobile loans and other assets transferred to the special purpose subsidiary by M&T Bank or other of its subsidiaries that totaled $565 million and $572 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The activities of M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC are generally restricted to purchasing and owning automobile loans for the purpose of securing this revolving borrowing arrangement. Proceeds from payments on the automobile loans are required to be applied in priority order for fees, principal and interest on the borrowing, and funding the monthly replenishment of loans. Any remaining proceeds are available for distribution to M&T Bank. The secured borrowing is prepayable, in whole or in part, at any time and is non-recourse to M&T Bank and the Company. However, 80% of the borrowing can be put back to M&T Bank upon demand. The Company’s maximum incremental exposure to loss resulting from the structure of this borrowing arrangement is generally restricted to the amount that such borrowing is overcollateralized. Management currently estimates no material losses as a result of the pledging of assets and the terms of the borrowing arrangement. The assets and liabilities of M&T Auto Receivables I, LLC have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
M&T has a variable interest in a trust that holds American Depositary Shares of AIB (“AIB ADSs”) for the purpose of satisfying options to purchase such shares for certain employees. The trust purchased the AIB ADSs with the proceeds of a loan from an entity subsequently acquired by M&T. Proceeds from option exercises and any dividends and other earnings on the trust assets are used to repay the loan plus
 
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interest. Option holders have no preferential right with respect to the trust assets and the trust assets are subject to the claims of M&T’s creditors. The trust has been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As a result, included in investment securities available for sale were 651,688 AIB ADSs with a carrying value of approximately $15 million at December 31, 2006, compared with 797,438 AIB ADSs with a carrying value of approximately $18 million at December 31, 2005. Outstanding options granted to employees who have continued service with M&T totaled 381,460 and 529,410 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. All outstanding options were fully vested and exercisable at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. The options expire at various dates through June 2012. M&T’s maximum exposure to loss is $15 million at December 31, 2006.
As described in note 9, M&T has issued junior subordinated debentures payable to the Trusts and the Allfirst Asset Trust and owns the common securities of those entities. The Trusts and the Allfirst Asset Trust are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of those entities. Accordingly, at December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company included the Junior Subordinated Debentures payable to the Trusts and the Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures payable to the Allfirst Asset Trust as long-term borrowings in its consolidated balance sheet. The Company has recognized $30 million in other assets for its “investment” in the common securities of the Trusts and Allfirst Asset Trust that will be concomitantly repaid to M&T by the respective trust from the proceeds of M&T’s repayment of the junior subordinated debentures associated with preferred capital securities described in note 9.
The Company has invested as a limited partner in various real estate partnerships that collectively had total assets of approximately $339 million and $331 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Those partnerships generally construct or acquire properties for which the investing partners are eligible to receive certain federal income tax credits in accordance with government guidelines. Such investments may also provide tax deductible losses to the partners. The partnership investments also assist the Company in achieving its community reinvestment initiatives. As a limited partner, there is no recourse to the Company by creditors of the partnerships. However, the tax credits that result from the Company’s investments in such partnerships are generally subject to recapture should a partnership fail to comply with the respective government regulations. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss of its investments in such partnerships was $142 million, including $25 million of unfunded commitments, at December 31, 2006 and $143 million, including $27 million of unfunded commitments, at December 31, 2005. Management currently estimates that no material losses are probable as a result of the Company’s involvement with such entities. In accordance with the accounting provisions for variable interest entities, the partnership entities are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Securitizations
In December 2005, the Company securitized approximately $126 million, of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans in a guaranteed mortgage securitization with FNMA. The Company recognized no gain or loss on the transaction as it retained all of the resulting securities. Such securities were classified as investment securities available for sale. The Company expects no material credit-related losses on the retained securities as a result of the guarantees by FNMA.
In prior years, the Company transferred approximately $1.9 billion one-to-four family residential mortgage loans to qualified special purpose trusts in non-recourse securitization transactions. In exchange for the loans, the Company received cash, no more than 88% of the resulting securities, and the servicing rights to the loans. All of the retained securities were classified as investment securities available for sale. The qualified special purpose trusts are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Because the transactions were non-recourse, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its association with the trusts is limited to realizing the carrying value of the retained securities and servicing rights. The combined outstanding principal amount of mortgage-backed securities issued by the qualified special purpose trusts was $732 million at December 31, 2006 and $877 million at December 31, 2005. The principal amount of such securities held by the Company was $627 million and $757 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, loans of the trusts that were 30 or more days delinquent totaled $14 million and $16 million, respectively. Credit losses, net of recoveries, for the trusts in 2006 and 2005 were insignificant. There were no significant repurchases of
 
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delinquent or foreclosed loans from the trusts by the Company in 2006 or 2005. Certain cash flows between the Company and the trusts were as follows:
 
                 
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Principal and interest payments on retained securities
  $ 173,207     $ 240,211  
Servicing fees received
    2,223       2,735  
 
A summary of the fair values of retained subordinated interests resulting from the Company’s residential mortgage loan securitization activities follows. Although the estimated fair values of the retained subordinated interests were obtained from independent pricing sources, the Company has modeled the sensitivity of such fair values to changes in certain assumptions as summarized in the table below. These calculated sensitivities are hypothetical and actual changes in the fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. The effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair values is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. The changes in assumptions are presumed to be instantaneous. The hypothetical effect of adverse changes on the Company’s retained capitalized servicing assets at December 31, 2006 is included in note 7.
 
                                 
          Weighted-
    Weighted-
    Annual
 
          Average
    Average
    Expected
 
    Fair
    Prepayment
    Discount
    Credit
 
    Value     Speed     Rate     Defaults  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Retained subordinated interests:
                               
As of securitization date
  $ 91,705       23.81 %     7.68 %     .09 %
As of December 31, 2006
    60,529       11.51 %     7.52 %     .11 %
                                 
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
          $ (122 )   $ (1,967 )   $ (201 )
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
            (250 )     (3,821 )     (391 )
 
The subordinated retained securities do not have pro rata participation in loan principal prepayments for the first seven years of each securitization. The assumed weighted-average discount rate is 140 basis points higher than the weighted-average coupon of the underlying mortgage loans at December 31, 2006.
 
19.   Fair value of financial instruments
SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is generally defined as the price a willing buyer and a willing seller would exchange for a financial instrument in other than a distressed sale situation.
With the exception of marketable securities, certain off-balance sheet financial instruments and one-to-four family residential mortgage loans originated for sale, the Company’s financial instruments are not readily marketable and market prices do not exist. The Company, in attempting to comply with the provisions of SFAS No. 107, has not attempted to market its financial instruments to potential buyers, if any exist. Since negotiated prices in illiquid markets depend greatly upon the then present motivations of the buyer and seller, it is reasonable to assume that actual sales prices could vary widely from any estimate of fair value made without the benefit of negotiations. Additionally, changes in market interest rates can dramatically impact the value of financial instruments in a short period of time.
The estimated fair values of investments in readily marketable debt and equity securities were calculated based on quoted market prices at the respective year-end. In determining amounts to present for other financial instruments, the Company generally used calculations based upon discounted cash flows of the related financial instruments or assigned some other amount as required by SFAS No. 107. Additional information about the assumptions and calculations utilized is presented below.
 
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The carrying amounts and calculated estimates for financial instrument assets (liabilities) are presented in the following table:
 
                                 
    December 31, 2006     December 31, 2005  
    Carrying
    Calculated
    Carrying
    Calculated
 
    Amount     Estimate     Amount     Estimate  
    (In thousands)  
 
Financial assets:
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 1,624,964     $ 1,624,964     $ 1,490,459     $ 1,490,459  
Interest-bearing deposits at banks
    6,639       6,639       8,408       8,408  
Trading account assets
    136,752       136,752       191,617       191,617  
Agreements to resell securities
    100,000       100,076              
Investment securities
    7,251,598       7,253,428       8,400,164       8,401,985  
Commercial loans and leases
    11,666,299       11,634,244       10,920,152       10,901,618  
Commercial real estate loans
    15,416,791       15,404,747       14,549,217       14,549,353  
Residential real estate loans
    5,956,043       5,903,091       4,396,197       4,370,325  
Consumer loans and leases
    9,908,164       9,835,625       10,465,079       10,371,249  
Allowance for credit losses
    (649,948 )     (649,948 )     (637,663 )     (637,663 )
Accrued interest receivable
    282,056       282,056       240,484       240,484  
Financial liabilities:
                               
Noninterest-bearing deposits
  $ (7,879,977 )   $ (7,879,977 )   $ (8,141,928 )   $ (8,141,928 )
Savings deposits and NOW accounts
    (15,110,229 )     (15,110,229 )     (14,741,088 )     (14,741,088 )
Time deposits
    (11,490,629 )     (11,512,421 )     (11,407,626 )     (11,425,903 )
Deposits at foreign office
    (5,429,668 )     (5,429,668 )     (2,809,532 )     (2,809,532 )
Short-term borrowings
    (3,094,214 )     (3,094,214 )     (5,152,872 )     (5,152,872 )
Long-term borrowings
    (6,890,741 )     (6,939,549 )     (6,196,994 )     (6,251,924 )
Accrued interest payable
    (193,009 )     (193,009 )     (132,027 )     (132,027 )
Trading account liabilities
    (65,265 )     (65,265 )     (76,896 )     (76,896 )
Other financial instruments:
                               
Commitments to originate real estate loans for sale
  $ 3,095     $ 3,095     $ 1,813     $ 1,813  
Commitments to sell real estate loans
    (16,293 )     (16,293 )     (6,274 )     (6,274 )
Other credit-related commitments
    (44,189 )     (44,189 )     (43,249 )     (43,249 )
Interest rate swap agreements used for interest rate risk management
    (15,005 )     (15,005 )     (8,848 )     (8,848 )
 
The following assumptions and methods or calculations were used in determining the disclosed value of financial instruments.
 
Cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits at banks, short-term borrowings, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable
Due to the nature of cash and cash equivalents and the near maturity of interest-bearing deposits at banks, short-term borrowings, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable, the Company estimated that the carrying amount of such instruments approximated estimated fair value.
 
Trading account assets and liabilities
Trading account assets and liabilities are carried in the consolidated balance sheet at estimated fair value which, in general, is based on quoted market prices. Trading account liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
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Agreements to resell securities
The amounts assigned to agreements to resell securities were based on discounted calculations of projected cash flows.
 
Investment securities
Estimated fair values of investments in readily marketable debt and equity securities were based on quoted market prices. Investment securities that were not readily marketable were assigned amounts based on estimates provided by brokers, discounted calculations of projected cash flows or, in the case of other investment securities, which include capital stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, at an amount equal to the carrying amount.
 
Loans and leases
In general, discount rates used to calculate values for loan products were based on the Company’s pricing at the respective year end. A higher discount rate was assumed with respect to estimated cash flows associated with nonaccrual loans. The allowance for credit losses represents the Company’s assessment of the overall level of credit losses inherent in the portfolio as of the respective year end and may not be indicative of the credit-related discount that a purchaser of the Company’s loans and leases would seek.
 
Deposits
SFAS No. 107 requires that the estimated fair value ascribed to noninterest-bearing deposits, savings deposits and NOW accounts be established at carrying value because of the customers’ ability to withdraw funds immediately. Time deposit accounts are required to be revalued based upon prevailing market interest rates for similar maturity instruments. As a result, amounts assigned to time deposits were based on discounted cash flow calculations using prevailing market interest rates for deposits with comparable remaining terms to maturity.
The Company believes that deposit accounts have a value greater than that prescribed by SFAS No. 107. The Company feels, however, that the value associated with these deposits is greatly influenced by characteristics of the buyer, such as the ability to reduce the costs of servicing the deposits and deposit attrition which often occurs following an acquisition. Accordingly, estimating the fair value of deposits with any degree of certainty is not practical.
 
Long-term borrowings
The amounts assigned to long-term borrowings were based on quoted market prices, when available, or were based on discounted cash flow calculations using prevailing market interest rates for borrowings of similar terms.
 
Commitments to originate real estate loans for sale and commitments to sell real estate loans
As described in note 17, the Company enters into various commitments to originate real estate loans for sale and commitments to sell real estate loans. Such commitments are considered to be derivative financial instruments and, therefore, are carried at estimated fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair values of such commitments were generally calculated by reference to quoted market prices for commitments to sell real estate loans to certain government-sponsored entities and other parties.
 
Interest rate swap agreements used for interest rate risk management
The estimated fair value of interest rate swap agreements used for interest rate risk management represents the amount the Company would have expected to receive or pay to terminate such agreements.
 
Other commitments and contingencies
As described in note 20, in the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding, such as loan commitments, credit guarantees and letters of credit. The Company’s pricing of such financial instruments is based largely on credit quality and relationship, probability of
 
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funding and other requirements. Loan commitments often have fixed expiration dates and contain termination and other clauses which provide for relief from funding in the event of significant deterioration in the credit quality of the customer. The rates and terms of the Company’s loan commitments, credit guarantees and letters of credit are competitive with other financial institutions operating in markets served by the Company. The Company believes that the carrying amounts, which are included in other liabilities, are reasonable estimates of the fair value of these financial instruments.
The Company does not believe that the estimated information presented herein is representative of the earnings power or value of the Company. The preceding analysis, which is inherently limited in depicting fair value, also does not consider any value associated with existing customer relationships nor the ability of the Company to create value through loan origination, deposit gathering or fee generating activities.
Many of the estimates presented herein are based upon the use of highly subjective information and assumptions and, accordingly, the results may not be precise. Management believes that fair value estimates may not be comparable between financial institutions due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates which must be made. Furthermore, because the disclosed fair value amounts were estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts actually realized or paid upon maturity or settlement of the various financial instruments could be significantly different.
 
20.   Commitments and contingencies
In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding. The following table presents the Company’s significant commitments. Certain of these commitments are not included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Commitments to extend credit
               
Home equity lines of credit
  $ 5,450,382     $ 4,903,834  
Commercial real estate loans to be sold
    65,784       41,662  
Other commercial real estate and construction
    3,008,353       2,249,805  
Residential real estate loans to be sold
    679,591       351,898  
Other residential real estate
    493,122       848,015  
Commercial and other
    7,344,263       6,843,170  
Standby letters of credit
    3,622,860       3,523,234  
Commercial letters of credit
    30,209       47,360  
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts
    1,036,117       1,186,385  
Commitments to sell real estate loans
    1,932,306       1,164,360  
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers, generally having fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require payment of a fee. Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party, whereas commercial letters of credit are issued to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being funded when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and third party. The credit risk associated with commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved with extending loans to customers and is subject to normal credit policies. Collateral may be obtained based on management’s assessment of the customer’s creditworthiness.
Financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are oftentimes similar to standby letters of credit and include mandatory purchase agreements issued to ensure that customer obligations are fulfilled, recourse obligations associated with sold loans, and other guarantees of customer performance or compliance with designated rules and regulations. Included in financial guarantees and indemnification contracts are loan principal amounts sold with recourse in conjunction with the Company’s
 
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involvement in the FNMA DUS program. Under this program, the Company’s maximum credit risk associated with loans sold with recourse at December 31, 2006 and 2005 totaled $939 million and $941 million, respectively. Those recourse amounts were approximately equal to one-third of each sold loan’s outstanding principal balance.
Since many loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and guarantees and indemnification contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows.
The Company utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to hedge exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments are considered derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and along with commitments to originate real estate loans to be held for sale are generally recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at estimated fair market value. However, in estimating that fair value for commitments to originate loans for sale, value ascribable to cash flows that will be realized in connection with loan servicing activities has not been included. Value ascribable to that portion of cash flows is recognized at the time the underlying mortgage loans are sold. Additional information about such derivative financial instruments is included in note 17.
The Company occupies certain banking offices and uses certain equipment under noncancellable operating lease agreements expiring at various dates over the next 32 years. Minimum lease payments under noncancellable operating leases are summarized in the following table:
 
         
    (In thousands)  
 
Year ending December 31:
       
2007
  $ 43,931  
2008
    41,007  
2009
    33,777  
2010
    27,209  
2011
    21,620  
Later years
    66,757  
         
    $ 234,301  
         
 
The Company has an agreement with the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League whereby the Company obtained the naming rights to a football stadium in Baltimore, Maryland through 2017. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to pay $5 million per year from 2007 through 2013 and $6 million per year from 2014 through 2017.
M&T and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability arising out of litigation pending against M&T or its subsidiaries will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, but at the present time is not in a position to determine whether such litigation will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations in any future reporting period.
 
21.   Segment information
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” reportable segments have been determined based upon the Company’s internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business units. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The reportable segments are Commercial Banking, Commercial Real Estate, Discretionary Portfolio, Residential Mortgage Banking and Retail Banking.
The financial information of the Company’s segments has been compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in note 1 with certain exceptions. The more significant of these exceptions are described herein. The Company allocates interest income or interest expense using a methodology that
 
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charges users of funds (assets) interest expense and credits providers of funds (liabilities) with income based on the maturity, prepayment and/or repricing characteristics of the assets and liabilities. The net effect of this allocation is recorded in the “All Other” category. A provision for credit losses is allocated to segments in an amount based largely on actual net charge-offs incurred by the segment during the period plus or minus an amount necessary to adjust the segment’s allowance for credit losses due to changes in loan balances. In contrast, the level of the consolidated provision for credit losses is determined using the methodologies described in note 1 to assess the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. Indirect fixed and variable expenses incurred by certain centralized support areas are allocated to segments based on actual usage (for example, volume measurements) and other criteria. Certain types of administrative expenses and bankwide expense accruals (including amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets associated with acquisitions of financial institutions) are generally not allocated to segments. Income taxes are allocated to segments based on the Company’s marginal statutory tax rate adjusted for any tax-exempt income or non-deductible expenses. Equity is allocated to the segments based on regulatory capital requirements and in proportion to an assessment of the inherent risks associated with the business of the segment (including interest, credit and operating risk).
The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to generally accepted accounting principles. As a result, reported segment results are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial data. Information about the Company’s segments is presented in the accompanying table.
 
 
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                      Residential
                   
    Commercial
    Commercial
    Discretionary
    Mortgage
    Retail
             
    Banking     Real Estate     Portfolio     Banking     Banking     All Other     Total  
    (In thousands, except asset data)  
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006
                                                       
Net interest income(a)
  $ 392,378     $ 228,975     $ 90,204     $ 100,144     $ 1,063,897     $ (58,057 )   $ 1,817,541  
Noninterest income
    157,293       42,716       63,922       183,677       403,369       194,875       1,045,852  
                                                         
      549,671       271,691       154,126       283,821       1,467,266       136,818       2,863,393  
Provision for credit losses
    5,649       (172 )     1,608       953       55,282       16,680       80,000  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
                                  63,008       63,008  
Depreciation and other amortization
    513       5,804       4,073       52,649       25,960       23,924       112,923  
Other noninterest expense
    159,998       65,316       19,837       148,432       692,907       289,330       1,375,820  
                                                         
Income (loss) before taxes
    383,511       200,743       128,608       81,787       693,117       (256,124 )     1,231,642  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    157,742       65,892       32,795       29,611       282,716       (176,303 )     392,453  
                                                         
Net income (loss)
  $ 225,769     $ 134,851     $ 95,813     $ 52,176     $ 410,401     $ (79,821 )   $ 839,189  
                                                         
Average total assets (in millions)
  $ 12,688     $ 8,448     $ 12,136     $ 3,462     $ 14,107     $ 4,998     $ 55,839  
Capital expenditures (in millions)
  $     $     $     $ 1     $ 29     $ 12     $ 42  
                                                         
For the year ended December 31, 2005
                                                       
Net interest income(a)
  $ 366,894     $ 236,937     $ 128,794     $ 92,071     $ 945,273     $ 24,374     $ 1,794,343  
Noninterest income
    161,170       46,514       16,076       166,179       384,924       174,855       949,718  
                                                         
      528,064       283,451       144,870       258,250       1,330,197       199,229       2,744,061  
Provision for credit losses
    8,081       (1,651 )     1,392       1,372       57,627       21,179       88,000  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
                                  56,805       56,805  
Depreciation and other amortization
    415       6,024       5,385       48,719       26,165       30,235       116,943  
Other noninterest expense
    148,454       59,261       13,073       141,640       696,667       252,299       1,311,394  
                                                         
Income (loss) before taxes
    371,114       219,817       125,020       66,519       549,738       (161,289 )     1,170,919  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    152,449       76,880       32,394       23,426       224,267       (120,680 )     388,736  
                                                         
Net income (loss)
  $ 218,665     $ 142,937     $ 92,626     $ 43,093     $ 325,471     $ (40,609 )   $ 782,183  
                                                         
Average total assets (in millions)
  $ 11,723     $ 8,335     $ 11,810     $ 2,712     $ 14,639     $ 4,916     $ 54,135  
Capital expenditures (in millions)
  $ 1     $     $     $ 2     $ 17     $ 7     $ 27  
For the year ended December 31, 2004
                                                       
Net interest income(a)
  $ 345,399     $ 217,708     $ 130,739     $ 81,580     $ 863,991     $ 95,155     $ 1,734,572  
Noninterest income
    161,558       38,098       50,386       145,764       363,893       183,270       942,969  
                                                         
      506,957       255,806       181,125       227,344       1,227,884       278,425       2,677,541  
Provision for credit losses
    6,468       3,353       2,682       1,714       67,871       12,912       95,000  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangible assets
                                  75,410       75,410  
Depreciation and other amortization
    380       5,008       7,012       47,558       26,870       33,836       120,664  
Other noninterest expense
    139,101       53,635       12,641       131,977       708,924       273,666       1,319,944  
                                                         
Income (loss) before taxes
    361,008       193,810       158,790       46,095       424,219       (117,399 )     1,066,523  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    148,083       67,872       46,583       17,301       172,912       (108,749 )     344,002  
                                                         
Net income (loss)
  $ 212,925     $ 125,938     $ 112,207     $ 28,794     $ 251,307     $ (8,650 )   $ 722,521  
                                                         
Average total assets (in millions)
  $ 10,946     $ 7,868     $ 10,936     $ 1,801     $ 14,739     $ 5,227     $ 51,517  
Capital expenditures (in millions)
  $     $     $     $ 2     $ 25     $ 5     $ 32  
 
 
(a) Net interest income is the difference between actual taxable-equivalent interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities by a segment and a funding charge (credit) based on the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing methodology. Segments are charged a cost to fund any assets (e.g. loans) and are paid a funding credit for any funds provided (e.g. deposits). The taxable-equivalent adjustment aggregated $19,667,000 in 2006, $17,311,000 in 2005 and $17,330,000 in 2004 and is eliminated in “All Other” net interest income and income tax expense (benefit).
 
The Commercial Banking segment provides a wide range of credit products and banking services to middle-market and large commercial customers, largely within the markets the Company serves. Among the services provided by this segment are commercial lending and leasing, letters of credit, deposit products and cash management services. The Commercial Real Estate segment provides credit
 
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services which are secured by various types of multifamily residential and commercial real estate and deposit services to its customers. Activities of this segment include the origination, sales and servicing of commercial real estate loans. The Discretionary Portfolio segment includes securities, residential mortgage loans and other assets; short-term and long-term borrowed funds; brokered certificates of deposit and interest rate swap agreements related thereto; and offshore branch deposits. This segment also provides foreign exchange services to customers. The Residential Mortgage Banking segment originates and services residential mortgage loans for consumers and sells substantially all of those loans in the secondary market to investors or to bank subsidiaries of M&T. The segment periodically purchases servicing rights to loans that have been originated by other entities. This segment also originates and services loans to developers of residential real estate properties. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are included in the Residential Mortgage Banking segment. The Retail Banking segment offers a variety of services to consumers and small businesses through several delivery channels that include banking offices, automated teller machines, telephone banking and Internet banking. The “All Other” category includes other operating activities of the Company that are not directly attributable to the reported segments as determined in accordance with SFAS No. 131, the difference between the provision for credit losses and the calculated provision allocated to the reportable segments, goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets resulting from acquisitions of financial institutions, the net impact of the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing methodology, eliminations of transactions between reportable segments, certain nonrecurring transactions, the residual effects of unallocated support systems and general and administrative expenses, and the impact of interest rate risk management strategies. The amount of intersegment activity eliminated in arriving at consolidated totals was included in the “All Other” category as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Revenues
  $ (70,789 )   $ (70,698 )   $ (60,195 )
Expenses
    (20,760 )     (18,445 )     (16,950 )
Income taxes (benefit)
    (20,357 )     (21,262 )     (17,596 )
Net income (loss)
    (29,672 )     (30,991 )     (25,649 )
 
The Company conducts substantially all of its operations in the United States. There are no transactions with a single customer that in the aggregate result in revenues that exceed ten percent of consolidated total revenues.
 
22.   Regulatory matters
Payment of dividends by M&T’s banking subsidiaries is restricted by various legal and regulatory limitations. Dividends from any banking subsidiary to M&T are limited by the amount of earnings of the banking subsidiary in the current year and the preceding two years. For purposes of this test, at December 31, 2006, approximately $108,084,000 was available for payment of dividends to M&T from banking subsidiaries without prior regulatory approval.
Banking regulations prohibit extensions of credit by the subsidiary banks to M&T unless appropriately secured by assets. Securities of affiliates are not eligible as collateral for this purpose.
The bank subsidiaries are required to maintain noninterest-earning reserves against certain deposit liabilities. During the maintenance periods that included December 31, 2006 and 2005, cash and due from banks included a daily average of $182,953,000 and $388,697,000, respectively, for such purpose.
Federal regulators have adopted capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies and banks. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under the capital adequacy guidelines, the so-called “Tier 1 capital” and “Total capital” as a percentage of risk-weighted assets and certain off-balance sheet financial instruments must be at least 4% and 8%, respectively. In addition to these risk-based measures, regulators also require banking institutions that meet certain qualitative criteria to maintain a minimum “leverage” ratio of “Tier 1 capital” to average total assets, adjusted for goodwill and certain other items, of at least 3% to be
 
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considered adequately capitalized. As of December 31, 2006, M&T and each of its banking subsidiaries exceeded all applicable capital adequacy requirements. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, the most recent notifications from federal regulators categorized each of M&T’s bank subsidiaries as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be considered “well capitalized,” a banking institution must maintain Tier 1 risk-based capital, total risk-based capital and leverage ratios of at least 6%, 10% and 5%, respectively. Management is unaware of any conditions or events since the latest notifications from federal regulators that have changed the capital adequacy category of M&T’s bank subsidiaries.
The capital ratios and amounts of the Company and its banking subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 are presented below:
 
                         
    M&T
          M&T
 
    (Consolidated)     M&T Bank     Bank, N.A.  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
December 31, 2006:
                       
Tier 1 capital
                       
Amount
  $ 3,844,322     $ 3,355,935     $ 93,024  
Ratio(a)
    7.74 %     6.81 %     35.62 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    1,985,987       1,970,212       10,446  
Total capital
                       
Amount
    5,849,969       5,391,656       95,480  
Ratio(a)
    11.78 %     10.95 %     36.56 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    3,971,974       3,940,424       20,892  
Leverage
                       
Amount
    3,844,322       3,355,935       93,024  
Ratio(c)
    7.20 %     6.36 %     16.12 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    1,602,673       1,582,573       17,307  
December 31, 2005:
                       
Tier 1 capital
                       
Amount
  $ 3,598,829     $ 3,313,343     $ 84,355  
Ratio(a)
    7.56 %     7.02 %     27.99 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    1,903,593       1,886,707       12,054  
Total capital
                       
Amount
    5,161,173       4,882,057       86,920  
Ratio(a)
    10.85 %     10.35 %     28.84 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    3,807,186       3,773,414       24,108  
Leverage
                       
Amount
    3,598,829       3,313,343       84,355  
Ratio(c)
    6.94 %     6.46 %     15.34 %
Minimum required amount(b)
    1,556,213       1,539,784       16,501  
 
 
(a) The ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets, as defined by regulation.
(b) Minimum amount of capital to be considered adequately capitalized, as defined by regulation.
(c) The ratio of capital to average assets, as defined by regulation.
 
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23.   Relationship of M&T and AIB
AIB received 26,700,000 shares of M&T common stock on April 1, 2003 as a result of M&T’s acquisition of a subsidiary of AIB on that date. Those shares of common stock owned by AIB represented 24.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of M&T common stock on December 31, 2006. While AIB maintains a significant ownership in M&T, the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between M&T and AIB (“Reorganization Agreement”) includes several provisions related to the corporate governance of M&T that provide AIB with representation on the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors and key board committees and certain protections of its rights as a substantial M&T shareholder. In addition, AIB has rights that will facilitate its ability to maintain its proportionate ownership position in M&T.
With respect to AIB’s right to have representation on the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors and key board committees, for as long as AIB holds at least 15% of M&T’s outstanding common stock, AIB is entitled to designate four individuals, reasonably acceptable to M&T, on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors. In addition, one of the AIB designees to the M&T board of directors will serve on each of the Executive; Nomination, Compensation and Governance; and Audit and Risk committees. Also, as long as AIB holds at least 15% of M&T’s outstanding common stock, neither the M&T nor the M&T Bank board of directors may consist of more than 28 directors without the consent of the M&T directors designated by AIB. AIB will continue to enjoy these rights if its holdings of M&T common stock drop below 15%, but not below 12%, so long as AIB restores its ownership percentage to 15% within one year. In the event that AIB holds at least 10%, but less than 15%, of M&T’s outstanding common stock, AIB will be entitled to designate at least two individuals on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors and, in the event that AIB holds at least 5%, but less than 10%, of M&T’s outstanding common stock, AIB will be entitled to designate one individual on both the M&T and M&T Bank boards of directors. M&T also has the right to appoint one representative to the AIB board while AIB remains a significant shareholder.
There are several other corporate governance provisions that serve to protect AIB’s rights as a substantial M&T shareholder and are embodied in M&T’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These protections include an effective consent right in connection with certain actions by M&T, such as amending M&T’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws in a manner inconsistent with AIB’s rights, engaging in activities not permissible for a bank holding company or adopting any shareholder rights plan or other measures intended to prevent or delay any transaction involving a change in control of M&T. AIB has the right to limit, with the agreement of at least one non-AIB designee on the M&T board of directors, other actions by M&T, such as reducing M&T’s cash dividend policy such that the ratio of cash dividends to net income is less than 15%, acquisitions and dispositions of significant amounts of assets, and the appointment or election of the chairman of the board of directors or the chief executive officer of M&T. The protective provisions described above will cease to be applicable when AIB no longer owns at least 15% of M&T’s outstanding common stock, calculated as described in the Reorganization Agreement.
 
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24.   Parent company financial statements
 
Condensed Balance Sheet
 
                 
    December 31  
    2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  
 
Assets
Cash
               
In subsidiary bank
  $ 7,465     $ 5,045  
Other
          1  
                 
Total cash
    7,465       5,046  
Due from consolidated bank subsidiaries
               
Money-market savings
    414,343       214,572  
Note receivable
    200,000       200,000  
Current income tax receivable
    2,433       3,639  
Other
    1,604       1,315  
                 
Total due from consolidated bank subsidiaries
    618,380       419,526  
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries
               
Banks
    6,569,224       6,358,416  
Other
    20,166       32,358  
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries (note 18)
    29,718       29,897  
Other assets
    140,189       132,014  
                 
Total assets
  $ 7,385,142     $ 6,977,257  
                 
 
Liabilities
Due to consolidated subsidiaries
               
Banks
  $ 1,914     $ 2  
Other
    914       2,377  
                 
Total due to consolidated subsidiaries
    2,828       2,379  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    60,562       50,815  
Long-term borrowings
    1,040,657       1,047,677  
                 
Total liabilities
    1,104,047       1,100,871  
Stockholders’ equity
    6,281,095       5,876,386  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 7,385,142     $ 6,977,257  
                 
 
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Condensed Statement of Income
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands, except per share)  
 
Income
                       
Dividends from consolidated subsidiaries
                       
Banks
  $ 755,000     $ 700,000     $ 864,000  
Other
                3,650  
Other income
    28,822       22,291       16,901  
                         
Total income
    783,822       722,291       884,551  
                         
Expense
                       
Interest on long-term borrowings
    69,651       62,090       56,091  
Other expense
    7,339       7,072       6,215  
                         
Total expense
    76,990       69,162       62,306  
                         
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    706,832       653,129       822,245  
Income tax credits
    16,937       18,334       17,777  
                         
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    723,769       671,463       840,022  
                         
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
                       
Net income of subsidiaries
    870,420       810,720       750,149  
Less: dividends received
    (755,000 )     (700,000 )     (867,650 )
                         
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    115,420       110,720       (117,501 )
                         
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
                         
Net income per common share
                       
Basic
  $ 7.55     $ 6.88     $ 6.14  
Diluted
    7.37       6.73       6.00  
 
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Condensed Statement of Cash Flows
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2006     2005     2004  
    (In thousands)  
 
Cash flows from operating activities
                       
Net income
  $ 839,189     $ 782,183     $ 722,521  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
                       
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    (115,420 )     (110,720 )     117,501  
Provision for deferred income taxes
    7,629       1,726       3,436  
Net change in accrued income and expense
    (9,787 )     (4,378 )     (15,528 )
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    721,611       668,811       827,930  
                         
Cash flows from investing activities
                       
Proceeds from sales of investment securities
    5,922       12,848       16,755  
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities
    17,505       15,975       27,418  
Purchases of investment securities
    (18,967 )     (19,893 )     (12,380 )
Other, net
    5,949       (2,221 )     2,450  
                         
Net cash provided by investing activities
    10,409       6,709       34,243  
                         
Cash flows from financing activities
                       
Payments on long-term borrowings
                (63,435 )
Purchases of treasury stock
    (373,860 )     (509,609 )     (610,261 )
Dividends paid — common
    (249,817 )     (198,619 )     (187,669 )
Other, net
    93,847       108,454       81,295  
                         
Net cash used by financing activities
    (529,830 )     (599,774 )     (780,070 )
                         
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    202,190       75,746       82,103  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    219,618       143,872       61,769  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 421,808     $ 219,618     $ 143,872  
                         
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                       
Interest received during the year
  $ 15,538     $ 10,434     $ 6,805  
Interest paid during the year
    75,932       65,376       60,294  
Income taxes received during the year
    43,920       40,691       42,946  
 
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Item 9.   Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
 
None.
 
Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures.
 
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation of the effectiveness of M&T’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), Robert G. Wilmers, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and René F. Jones, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, believe that M&T’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2006.
(b) Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting. Included under the heading “Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(c) Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm. Included under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(d) Changes in internal control over financial reporting. M&T regularly assesses the adequacy of its internal control over financial reporting and enhances its controls in response to internal control assessments and internal and external audit and regulatory recommendations. No changes in internal control over financial reporting have been identified in connection with the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures during the quarter ended December 31, 2006 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, M&T’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B.   Other Information.
 
None.
 
PART III
 
Item 10.   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
 
The identification of the Registrant’s directors is incorporated by reference to the caption “NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
The identification of the Registrant’s executive officers is presented under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Disclosure of compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, by the Registrant’s directors and executive officers, and persons who are the beneficial owners of more than 10% of the Registrant’s common stock, is incorporated by reference to the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
The other information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the captions “CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF M&T BANK CORPORATION,” “BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD AND ATTENDANCE” and “CODES OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
 
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Item 11.   Executive Compensation.
 
Incorporated by reference to the caption “COMPENSATION OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
 
Item 12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
 
Incorporated by reference to the captions “PRINCIPAL BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF SHARES” and “STOCK OWNERSHIP BY DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
The information required by this item concerning Equity Compensation Plan information is presented under the caption “EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION” contained in Part II, Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”
 
Item 13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
 
Incorporated by reference to the captions “TRANSACTIONS WITH DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS” and “BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD AND ATTENDANCE” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
 
Item 14.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
 
Incorporated by reference to the caption “PROPOSAL TO RATIFY THE APPOINTMENT OF PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP AS THE INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT OF M&T BANK CORPORATION” contained in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 5, 2007.
 
PART IV
 
Item 15.   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Financial statements and financial statement schedules filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Financial statement schedules are not required or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
(b) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index of this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been previously filed, are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to other filings.
(c) Additional financial statement schedules. None.
 
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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 23rd day of February, 2007.
 
M&T BANK CORPORATION
 
  By: 
/s/  Robert G. Wilmers
Robert G. Wilmers
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
             
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
Principal Executive Officer:        
         
/s/  Robert G. Wilmers

Robert G. Wilmers
  Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
  February 23, 2007
         
Principal Financial Officer:        
         
/s/  René F. Jones

René F. Jones
  Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
  February 23, 2007
         
Principal Accounting Officer:        
         
/s/  Michael R. Spychala

Michael R. Spychala
  Senior Vice President and
Controller
  February 23, 2007
 
             
A majority of the board of directors:        
         
/s/  Brent D. Baird

Brent D. Baird
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Robert J. Bennett

Robert J. Bennett
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  C. Angela Bontempo

C. Angela Bontempo
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Robert T. Brady

Robert T. Brady
      February 23, 2007
 
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/s/  Michael D. Buckley

Michael D. Buckley
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  T. Jefferson Cunningham III

T. Jefferson Cunningham III
      February 23, 2007
         
    

Mark J. Czarnecki
       
         
/s/  Colm E. Doherty

Colm E. Doherty
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Richard E. Garman

Richard E. Garman
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Daniel R. Hawbaker

Daniel R. Hawbaker
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Patrick W.E. Hodgson

Patrick W.E. Hodgson
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Richard G. King

Richard G. King
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Reginald B. Newman, II

Reginald B. Newman, II
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Jorge G. Pereira

Jorge G. Pereira
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Michael P. Pinto

Michael P. Pinto
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Robert E. Sadler, Jr.

Robert E. Sadler, Jr.
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Eugene J. Sheehy

Eugene J. Sheehy
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Stephen G. Sheetz

Stephen G. Sheetz
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Herbert L. Washington

Herbert L. Washington
      February 23, 2007
         
/s/  Robert G. Wilmers

Robert G. Wilmers
      February 23, 2007
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
         
  2 .1   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of September 26, 2002, by and among M&T Bank Corporation, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and Allfirst Financial Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the Form 8-K dated September 26, 2002 (File No. 1-9861).
  3 .1   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of M&T Bank Corporation dated May 29, 1998. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 (File No. 1-9861).
  3 .2   Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of M&T Bank Corporation dated October 2, 2000. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 (File No. 1-9861).
  3 .3   Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of M&T Bank Corporation dated March 4, 2003, effective as of March 25, 2003. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  3 .4   Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of M&T Bank Corporation dated March 28, 2003, effective as of April 1, 2003. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  3 .5   Amended and Restated Bylaws of M&T Bank Corporation, effective February 20, 2007. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Form 8-K dated February 20, 2007 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .1   Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures. Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 3.1 through 3.5, 10.1 through 10.5 and 10.15 through 10.29 hereof. Except as set forth in Exhibits 4.2 through 4.33 below, the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of M&T Bank Corporation are omitted pursuant to section (b)(4)(iii) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. M&T Bank Corporation hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the S.E.C. upon request.
  4 .2   Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of January 31, 1997 by and among M&T Bank Corporation, Bankers Trust Company, Bankers Trust (Delaware), and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K dated January 31, 1997 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .3   Amendment to Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of January 31, 1997 by and among M&T Bank Corporation, Bankers Trust Company, Bankers Trust (Delaware), and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .4   Junior Subordinated Indenture dated as of January 31, 1997 by and between M&T Bank Corporation and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K dated January 31, 1997 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .5   Supplemental Indenture dated December 23, 1999 by and between M&T Bank Corporation and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .6   Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of June 6, 1997 by and among M&T Bank Corporation, Bankers Trust Company, Bankers Trust (Delaware), and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K dated June 6, 1997 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .7   Amendment to Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of June 6, 1997 by and among M&T Bank Corporation, Bankers Trust Company, Bankers Trust (Delaware), and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .8   Junior Subordinated Indenture dated as of June 6, 1997 by and between M&T Bank Corporation and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K dated June 6, 1997 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .9   Supplemental Indenture dated December 23, 1999 by and between M&T Bank Corporation and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
 
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  4 .10   Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated as of February 4, 1997 by and among Olympia Financial Corp., The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware), and the administrative trustees named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .11   Amendment to Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust dated as of February 4, 1997 by and among Olympia Financial Corp., The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware), and the administrative trustees named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .12   Indenture dated as of February 4, 1997 by and between Olympia Financial Corp. and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .13   Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 17, 1999 by and between Olympia Financial Corp. and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .14   Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 28, 2003 by and between M&T Bank Corporation (as successor by merger to Olympia Financial Corp.) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .15   Senior Indenture dated as of May 1, 1997 by and among Keystone Financial Mid-Atlantic Funding Corp., Olympia Financial Corp. (as successor by merger to Keystone Financial, Inc.), and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Keystone Financial Mid-Atlantic Funding Corp. and Keystone Financial, Inc. dated April 17, 1997 (File No. 333-25393).
  4 .16   First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 6, 2000, by and between Olympia Financial Corp. and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.24 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .17   Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 28, 2003, by and between M&T Bank Corporation (as successor by merger to Olympia Financial Corp.) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .18   Indenture, dated as of December 30, 1996, by and between First Maryland Bancorp and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of First Maryland Bancorp, First Maryland Capital I and First Maryland Capital II dated March 6, 1997 (File No. 333-22871).
  4 .19   Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of September 15, 1999, by and between Allfirst Financial Inc. (successor by merger to First Maryland Bancorp) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K of Allfirst Financial Inc. dated September 15, 1999 (File No. 2-50235).
  4 .20   Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of April 1, 2003, by and between M&T Bank Corporation (successor by merger to Allfirst Financial Inc.) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.28 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .21   Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated as of December 30, 1996, by and among First Maryland Bancorp, The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and the Regular Trustees named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of First Maryland Bancorp, First Maryland Capital I and First Maryland Capital II dated March 6, 1997 (File No. 333-22871).
  4 .22   Indenture, dated as of February 4, 1997, by and between First Maryland Bancorp and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of First Maryland Bancorp, First Maryland Capital I and First Maryland Capital II dated March 6, 1997 (File No. 333-22871).
  4 .23   Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of September 15, 1999, by and between Allfirst Financial Inc. (successor by merger to First Maryland Bancorp) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-K of Allfirst Financial Inc. dated September 15, 1999 (File No. 2-50235).
 
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  4 .24   Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of April 1, 2003, by and between M&T Bank Corporation (successor by merger to Allfirst Financial Inc.) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.34 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .25   Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, dated as of February 4, 1997, by and among First Maryland Bancorp, The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and the Regular Trustees named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of First Maryland Bancorp, First Maryland Capital I and First Maryland Capital II dated March 6, 1997 (File No. 333-22871).
  4 .26   Indenture, dated as of July 13, 1999, by and between First Maryland Bancorp and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Allfirst Financial Inc., Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust and Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust dated October 5, 1999 (File No. 333-88484).
  4 .27   Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of September 15, 1999, by and between Allfirst Financial Inc. (successor by merger to First Maryland Bancorp) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Allfirst Financial Inc., Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust and Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust dated October 5, 1999 (File No. 333-88484).
  4 .28   Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of April 1, 2003, by and between M&T Bank Corporation (successor by merger to Allfirst Financial Inc.) and The Bank of New York. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.40 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .29   Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust, dated as of July 13, 1999, by and among First Maryland Bancorp, The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Allfirst Financial Inc., Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust and Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust dated October 5, 1999 (File No. 333-88484).
  4 .30   Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust, dated as of July 13, 1999, by and among First Maryland Bancorp, The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and the Administrators named therein. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Allfirst Financial Inc., Allfirst Preferred Capital Trust and Allfirst Preferred Asset Trust dated October 5, 1999 (File No. 333-88484).
  4 .31   Indenture, dated as of May 15, 1992, by and between First Maryland Bancorp and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of First Maryland Bancorp (File No. 33-46277).
  4 .32   Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of September 15, 1999, by and between Allfirst Financial Inc. (successor by merger to First Maryland Bancorp) and Bankers Trust Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of Allfirst Financial Inc. dated September 15, 1999 (File No. 2-50235).
  4 .33   Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of April 1, 2003, by and between M&T Bank Corporation (successor by merger to Allfirst Financial Inc.) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.48 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  4 .34   Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 1, 2003, between M&T Bank Corporation and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  10 .1   Credit Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2000, between M&T Bank Corporation and Citibank, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 (File No. 1-9861).
  10 .2   Waiver, dated as of January 15, 2003, to Credit Agreement dated as of December 15, 2000, between M&T Bank Corporation and Citibank, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 (File No. 1-9861).
  10 .3   Amendment No. 1, dated December 9, 2003, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2000, between M&T Bank Corporation and Citibank, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
 
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  10 .4   M&T Bank Corporation 1983 Stock Option Plan as last amended on April 20, 1999. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .5   M&T Bank Corporation 2001 Stock Option Plan. Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement of M&T Bank Corporation dated March 6, 2001 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .6   M&T Bank Corporation Annual Executive Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .7   Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement between Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company and Robert E. Sadler, Jr. dated as of March 7, 1985. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(d)(A) to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1984 (File No. 0-4561).*
  10 .8   First amendment, dated as of August 1, 2006, to the Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement between Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company and Robert E. Sadler, Jr. dated as of March 7, 1985. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .9   Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement between Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company and Brian E. Hickey dated as of July 21, 1994. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .10   First amendment, dated as of August 1, 2006, to the Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement between Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company and Brian E. Hickey dated as of July 21, 1994. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .11   Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement, dated July 17, 1989, between The East New York Savings Bank and Atwood Collins, III. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1991 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .12   First amendment, dated as of August 1, 2006, to the Supplemental Deferred Compensation Agreement, dated July 17, 1989, between The East New York Savings Bank and Atwood Collins, III. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .13   M&T Bank Corporation Supplemental Pension Plan, as amended and restated. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K dated November 15, 2005 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .14   M&T Bank Corporation Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K dated November 15, 2005 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .15   M&T Bank Corporation Deferred Bonus Plan, as amended and restated. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .16   M&T Bank Corporation Directors’ Stock Plan, as amended and restated. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006 (File No. 1-9361).*
  10 .17   Restated 1987 Stock Option and Appreciation Rights Plan of ONBANCorp, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .18   1992 ONBANCorp Directors’ Stock Option Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .19   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended November 19, 1998. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Form 10-K of Keystone Financial, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 000-11460).*
  10 .20   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1992 Stock Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 10-K of Keystone Financial, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1997 (File No. 000-11460).*
  10 .21   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1988 Stock Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-K of Keystone Financial, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 000-11460).*
  10 .22   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1995 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit B to the Proxy Statement of Keystone Financial, Inc. dated April 7, 1995 (File No. 000-11460).*
  10 .23   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1990 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan, as amended. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Form 10-K of Keystone Financial, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 000-11460).*
 
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  10 .24   Keystone Financial, Inc. 1992 Director Fee Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Form 10-K of Keystone Financial, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 000-11460).*
  10 .25   Financial Trust Corp Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan of 1994. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 of Financial Trust Corp, dated March 26, 1996 (File No. 333-01989).*
  10 .26   Progressive Bank, Inc. 1993 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan for Directors. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Progressive Bank, Inc. Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993 (File No. 0-15025).*
  10 .27   Premier National Bancorp, Inc. 1995 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended and restated effective May 13, 1999). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Premier National Bancorp, Inc. Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-13213).*
  10 .28   M&T Bank Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .29   M&T Bank Corporation 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Form 8-K dated April 19, 2005 (File No. 1-9861).*
  10 .30   M&T Bank Corporation Employee Severance Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 (File No. 1-9861).*
  11 .1   Statement re: Computation of Earnings Per Common Share. Incorporated by reference to note 13 of Notes to Financial Statements filed herewith in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
  14 .1   M&T Bank Corporation Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9861).
  21 .1   Subsidiaries of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to the caption “Subsidiaries” contained in Part I, Item 1 hereof.
  23 .1   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP re: Registration Statement Nos. 333-57330, 333-63660, 33-12207, 33-58500, 33-63917, 333-43171, 333-43175, 333-63985, 333-97031, 33-32044, 333-16077, 333-84384, 333-127406 and 333-122147. Filed herewith.
  31 .1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
  31 .2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
  32 .1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
  32 .2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
 
 
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
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