Edgar Filing: Neos Therapeutics, Inc.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended MARCH 31, 2018

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-37508

Neos Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware		2834		27-0395455
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2940 N. Hwy 360

Grand Prairie, TX 75050

(972) 408-1300

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a Smaller reporting company)		Emerging growth company x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of May 4, 2018: 28,996,956 shares.

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NEOS THERAPEUTICS, INC.

INDEX

		Page No.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1	Financial Statements (Unaudited):
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	45
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	46

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1	Legal Proceedings	47
Item 1A	Risk Factors	47
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	79
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	79
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	79
Item 5	Other Information	79
Item 6	Exhibits	79

SIGNATURES		81

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Special note regarding forward-looking statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:

· our anticipated cash needs and our estimates regarding our anticipated expenses, capital requirements and our needs for additional financings;

· our ability to commercialize Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER or develop and commercialize any other future product or product candidate;

· the timing, cost or other aspects of the commercial launch and future sales of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER or any other future product or product candidate;

· our ability to increase our manufacturing and distribution capabilities for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER or any other future product or product candidate;

· the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient market size and market adoption of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER by physicians and patients;

· the therapeutic benefits, effectiveness and safety of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER or any other future product or product candidate;

· our expectations regarding the commercial supply of our Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, or any other future products, or our generic Tussionex;

· our ability to receive, and the timing of any receipt of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, (“FDA”), approvals, or other regulatory action in the United States and elsewhere, for any future product candidate;

· our expectations regarding federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements;

· our entry into the settlement and licensing agreement with Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. (“Actavis”) the effect of our agreement with Actavis on its Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) and with the FDA for a generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT, and the expected timing of the manufacture and marketing of Actavis’s generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT under the ANDA;

· our product research and development activities, including the timing and progress of our clinical trials, and projected expenditures;

· issuance of patents to us by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and other governmental patent agencies;

· our ability to achieve profitability;

· our staffing needs; and

· the additional risks, uncertainties and other factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a

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very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

Furthermore, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017 (as adjusted)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,777		$	31,969
Short-term investments	12,444			18,448
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for chargebacks and cash discounts of $1,435 and $1,154, respectively	19,642			13,671
Inventories	13,399			11,732
Other current assets	2,841			3,575
Total current assets	73,103			79,395

Property and equipment, net	8,173			8,203
Intangible assets, net	15,931			16,348
Other assets	149			162

Total assets	$	97,356		$	104,108

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	10,662		$	11,460
Accrued expenses	28,580			20,944
Current portion of long-term debt	948			896

Total current liabilities	40,190			33,300

Long-Term Liabilities:
Long-term debt, net of current portion	58,973			58,938
Derivative liability	1,474			1,660
Deferred rent	1,059			1,083
Other long-term liabilities	179			180

Total long-term liabilities	61,685			61,861

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 authorized at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 29,030,757 and 28,996,956 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018, respectively; 29,030,757 and 28,996,956 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017, respectively	29			29
Treasury stock, at cost, 33,801 shares at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017	(352		)	(352		)
Additional paid-in capital	275,551			274,584
Accumulated deficit	(279,744		)	(265,308		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3		)	(6		)

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(4,519		)	8,947

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	97,356		$	104,108

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017 (as adjusted)
Revenues:
Net product sales	$	10,729		$	5,631

Cost of goods sold	5,221			4,750
Gross profit	5,508			881

Research and development	1,691			1,724
Selling and marketing expenses	12,990			10,706
General and administrative expenses	3,345			3,539

Loss from operations	(12,518		)	(15,088		)

Interest expense	(2,220		)	(2,211		)
Other income, net	302			78

Net loss	$	(14,436	)	$	(17,221	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	28,996,956			19,624,712

Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted	$	(0.50	)	$	(0.88	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017 (as adjusted)

Net loss	$	(14,436	)	$	(17,221	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	3			(2		)

Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	3		$	(2	)

Comprehensive loss	$	(14,433	)	$	(17,223	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Three months ended March 31, 2018

(In thousands, except shares)

(unaudited)

																	Accumulated
												Additional					Other			Total
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Treasury Stock					Paid-in		Accumulated			Comprehensive			Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount			Capital		Deficit			(Loss)			Equity (Deficit)
Balance, December 31, 2017 (as adjusted)	—	$	—	29,030,757	$	29	(33,801	)	$	(352	)	$	274,584	$	(265,308	)	$	(6	)	$	8,947

Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—		—			967		—			—			967
Net unrealized gain on investments	—	—		—	—		—		—			—		—			3			3
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—			—		(14,436		)	—			(14,436		)

Balance, March 31, 2018	—	$	—	29,030,757	$	29	(33,801	)	$	(352	)	$	275,551	$	(279,744	)	$	(3	)	$	(4,519	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017 (as adjusted)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(14,436	)	$	(17,221	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	967			985
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	421			335
Amortization of patents and other intangible assets	434			408
Changes in fair value of earnout, derivative and warrant liabilities	(186		)	—
Deferred interest on debt	—			2,087
Amortization of senior debt discounts	209			81
Amortization of short-term investment purchase discounts	(35		)	(6		)
Gain on sale of equipment	(1		)	(20		)
Other adjustments	(24		)	(23		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(5,971		)	(5,717		)
Inventories	(1,667		)	298
Deferred contract sales organization fees	—			597
Other assets	1,154			597
Accounts payable	(1,205		)	(1,313		)
Accrued expenses	7,636			2,973

Net cash used in operating activities	(12,704		)	(15,939		)

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of short-term investments	(10,951		)	(8,534		)
Sales and maturities of short-term investments	16,993			13,397
Proceeds from sale-leaseback of equipment	—			481
Capital expenditures	(286		)	(198		)
Intangible asset expenditures	(17		)	—

Net cash provided by investing activities	5,739			5,146

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	—			30,265
Payments made on borrowings	(227		)	(163		)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(227		)	30,102

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(7,192		)	19,309

Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning	31,969			24,352
Ending	$	24,777		$	43,661

Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Transactions:
Prepaid assets included in accounts payable	$	407		$	—
Acquired equipment under capital lease	$	105		$	—
Capital lease liability from purchase of equipment	$	105		$	—
Deferred contract sales organization fees	$	—		$	500
Capital lease liability from sale-leaseback transactions	$	—		$	481
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid	$	2,040		$	19

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Neos Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization and nature of operations

Neos Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a fully integrated pharmaceutical company. The Company has developed a broad, proprietary modified-release drug delivery technology that enables the manufacture of single and multiple ingredient extended-release pharmaceuticals in patient- and caregiver-friendly orally disintegrating tablet and liquid suspension dosage forms. The Company has a pipeline of extended-release pharmaceuticals including three approved products for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”). Adzenys XR-ODT was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) on January 27, 2016 and launched commercially on May 16, 2016. The Company received approval from the FDA for Cotempla XR-ODT, its methylphenidate XR-ODT for the treatment of ADHD in patients 6 to 17 years old, on June 19, 2017, the Company initiated an early experience program with limited product availability on September 5, 2017 before launching this product nationwide on October 2, 2017. Also, the Company received approval from the FDA for Adzenys ER oral suspension (“Adzenys ER”) on September 15, 2017 and launched this product on February 26, 2018. In addition, the Company manufactures and markets a generic Tussionex (hydrocodone and chlorpheniramine) (“generic Tussionex”), extended-release liquid suspension for the treatment of cough and upper respiratory symptoms of a cold.

Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation: The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), for interim information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations for and financial condition as of the end of the interim period have been included. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2018 or any period thereafter. The audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 included information and footnotes necessary for such presentation and were included in the Neos Therapeutics, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K and filed with the SEC on March 16, 2018. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Principles of consolidation: At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its four wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications: In 2017, the Company reclassified certain patents from Other assets to Intangible assets, net as reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Liquidity: During 2017 and the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company produced operating losses and used cash to fund operations. Management intends to achieve profitability through revenue growth from pharmaceutical products developed with its extended-release technologies. The Company does not anticipate it will be profitable until after the successful commercialization of its approved products, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER. Accordingly, management has performed the review required for going concern accounting and believes the Company presently has sufficient liquidity to continue to operate for the next twelve months after the filing of this Report on Form 10-Q.

Cash equivalents: The Company invests its available cash balances in bank deposits and money market funds. The Company considers highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position

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of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company’s primary objectives for investment of available cash are the preservation of capital and the maintenance of liquidity.

Short-term investments: Short-term investments consist of debt securities that have original maturities greater than three months but less than or equal to one year and are classified as available-for-sale securities. Such securities are carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized holding gains or losses reported, net of material tax effects reported, as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated results of operations. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in fair value charged to earnings in that period, and a new cost basis for the security is established. Dividend and interest income are recognized in other income when earned. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method. The Company places all investments with government agencies, or corporate institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade. The Company classifies all available-for-sale marketable securities with maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date, if any, as non-current assets.

Inventories: Inventories are measured at the lower of cost (first in, first out) or net realizable value. Inventories have been reduced by an allowance for excess and obsolete inventories. Cost elements include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Inventories consist of raw materials, work in process and finished goods.

Until objective and persuasive evidence exists that regulatory approval has been received and future economic benefit is probable, pre-launch inventories are expensed into research and development. Manufacturing costs for the production of Adzenys XR-ODT incurred after the January 27, 2016 FDA approval date, for the production of Cotempla XR-ODT incurred after June 30, 2017, following the FDA approval date of June 19, 2017, and for the production of Adzenys ER incurred after September 30, 2017, following the FDA approval date of September 15, 2017, are being capitalized into inventory.

Derivative liabilities: The Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives requiring separate recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is marked-to-market each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability and the change in fair value is recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated results of operations. In circumstances where the embedded conversion option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated and there are also other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

When the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption and are classified in interest expense in the consolidated results of operations.

Intangible assets: Intangible assets subject to amortization, which principally include proprietary modified-release drug delivery technology, the costs to acquire the rights to Tussionex Abbreviated New Drug Application (“Tussionex ANDA”) and patents, are recorded at cost and amortized over the estimated lives of the assets, which primarily range from 10 to 20 years. The Company estimates that the patents it has filed have a future beneficial value. Therefore, costs associated with filing for its patents are capitalized. Once the patent is approved and commercial revenue realized, the costs associated with the patent are amortized over the useful life of the patent. If the patent is not approved, the costs will be expensed.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services at a point in time. The Company makes estimates of the net sales price, including estimates of variable consideration (e.g., savings offers, prompt payment discounts, product returns, wholesaler fees, wholesaler chargebacks and estimated rebates) to be incurred on the selling price of the respective product sales, and recognizes the estimated amount as revenue when it transfers control of the product to its customers (e.g., upon delivery). Variable consideration is determined using either an expected value or a most likely amount method. The estimate of variable consideration is also subject to a constraint such

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that some or all of the estimated amount of variable consideration will only be included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue (in the context of the contract) will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Estimating variable consideration and the related constraint will require the use of significant management judgment and other market data. The Company provides for prompt payment discounts, wholesaler fees and wholesaler chargebacks based on customer contractual stipulations. The Company analyzes recent product return history and other market data obtained from its third party logistics providers (“3PLs”) to determine a reliable return rate. Additionally, management analyzes historical savings offers and rebate payments based on patient prescriptions dispensed for Adzenys XR ODT, Cotempla XR ODT and Adzenys ER and information obtained from third party providers to determine these respective variable considerations.

The Company sells its generic Tussionex, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to a limited number of pharmaceutical wholesalers, all subject to rights of return. Pharmaceutical wholesalers buy drug products directly from manufacturers. Title to the product passes upon delivery to the wholesalers, when the risks and rewards of ownership are assumed by the wholesaler (freight on board destination). These wholesalers then resell the product to retail customers such as food, drug and mass merchandisers.

The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the development, manufacturing and commercialization of pharmaceuticals.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates the Company’s net product sales by product:

	March 31,
	2018		2017 (as adjusted)
	(in thousands)
Adzenys XR-ODT	$	4,992	$	3,113
Cotempla XR-ODT	3,647		—
Adzenys ER	203		—
Generic Tussionex	1,887		2,518
	$	10,729	$	5,631

Net branded product sales

Net product sales for branded Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER products represent total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments. Gross to net sales adjustments include savings offers, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler fees, estimated rebates to be incurred on the selling price of the respective product sales and estimated allowances for product returns. The Company recognizes branded total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments as revenue based on shipments from 3PLs to the Company’s wholesaler customers.

Savings offers

The Company offers savings programs for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to patients covered under commercial payor plans in which the cost of a prescription to such patients is discounted. The Company records the amount of redeemed savings offers based on information from third-party providers against the estimated discount recorded as accrued expenses. The estimated discount is recorded as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized.

Prompt payment discounts

Prompt payment discounts are based on standard programs with wholesalers and are recorded as a discount allowance against accounts receivable and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized.

Wholesale distribution fees

Wholesale distribution fees are based on definitive contractual agreements for the management of the Company’s products by wholesalers and are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustment at the time revenue is recognized.

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Rebates for branded products

The Company’s products are subject to commercial managed care and government managed Medicare and Medicaid programs whereby discounts and rebates are provided to participating managed care organizations and federal and/or state governments. Calculations related to these rebate accruals are estimated based on information from third-party providers. Estimated rebates payable under such programs are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time revenues are recorded. Historical trends of estimated rebates will be continually monitored and may result in future adjustments to such estimates.

Product returns of branded products

Wholesalers’ contractual return rights are limited to defective product, product that was shipped in error, product ordered by customer in error, product returned due to overstock, product returned due to dating or product returned due to recall or other changes in regulatory guidelines. The return policy for expired product allows the wholesaler to return such product starting six months prior to expiry date to twelve months post expiry date.

Estimated returns are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized. The Company analyzed recent branded product return history and other market data obtained from the Company’s 3PLs to determine a reliable return rate.

Net generic product sales

Net product sales for generic Tussionex product represent total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments. Gross to net sales adjustments include prompt payment discounts, estimated allowances for product returns, wholesaler fees, estimated government rebates and estimated chargebacks to be incurred on the selling price of generic Tussionex related to the respective product sales. The Company recognizes generic Tussionex total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments as revenue based on shipments from 3PLs to the Company’s wholesaler customers.

Prompt payment discounts

Product returns of generic product

Estimated returns are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized. Generic Tussionex product returns were estimated based upon return data available from sales of the Company’s generic Tussionex product over the past three years.

Wholesale distribution fees

Wholesale distribution fees are based on definitive contractual agreements for the management of the Company’s product by wholesalers and are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized.

Rebates for generic product

The Company’s generic Tussionex product is subject to state government-managed Medicaid programs whereby discounts and rebates are provided to participating state governments. Estimated government rebates are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized. Generic Tussionex government rebates are estimated based upon rebate payment data available from sales of the Company’s generic Tussionex product over the past three years. Historical trends of such rebates will be continually monitored and may result in future adjustments to such estimates.

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Wholesaler chargebacks

The Company’s generic Tussionex products are subject to certain programs with wholesalers whereby pricing on products is discounted below wholesaler list price to participating entities. These entities purchase products through wholesalers at the discounted price, and the wholesalers charge the difference between their acquisition cost and the discounted price back to the Company. Estimated chargebacks are recorded as a discount allowance against accounts receivable and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized based on information provided by third parties.

Due to estimates and assumptions inherent in determining the amount of generic Tussionex returns, rebates and chargebacks, the actual amount of returns, claims for rebates and chargebacks may be different from the estimates, at which time reserves would be adjusted accordingly. Wholesale distribution fees and the allowance for prompt pay discounts are recorded at the time of shipment and such fees and allowances are recorded in the same period that the related revenue is recognized.

Research and development costs: Research and development costs are charged to operations when incurred and include salaries and benefits, facilities costs, overhead costs, raw materials, laboratory and clinical supplies, clinical trial costs, contract services, fees paid to regulatory authorities for review and approval of the Company’s product candidates and other related costs.

Advertising costs: Advertising costs are comprised of print and electronic media placements that are expensed as incurred. The Company recognized advertising costs of $0.2 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Share-based compensation: Share-based compensation awards, including grants of employee stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and modifications to existing stock options, are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Compensation expense related to awards to employees is recognized on a straight-line basis, based on the grant date fair value, over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. The fair value of the Company’s stock-based awards to employees and directors is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including (1) the expected stock price volatility, (2) the expected term of the award, (3) the risk-free interest rate and (4) expected dividends.

Due to the previous lack of a public market for the trading of its common stock and a lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company had, prior to the IPO, historically utilized third party valuation analyses to determine the fair value. After the closing of the Company’s IPO, the Company’s board of directors has determined the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market on the date of grant.

Under new guidance for accounting for share-based payments, the Company has elected to continue estimating forfeitures at the time of grant and, if necessary, revise the estimate in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Ultimately, the actual expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those options that vest. The adoption of this standard in 2017 did not have a material impact on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Paragraph IV litigation costs: Legal costs incurred by the Company in the enforcement of the Company’s intellectual property rights are charged to expense as incurred.

Income taxes: Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method, under which deferred taxes are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Management evaluates the Company’s tax positions in accordance with guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Using that guidance, tax positions initially need to be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions in the consolidated financial statements. These uncertain tax positions were netted against net operating losses (NOL’s) with no separate reserve for uncertain tax positions required.

Deferred tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if current evidence indicates that it is considered more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, the Company considered that three years of cumulative operating losses was significant negative evidence

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outweighing projections for future taxable income. Therefore, at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to zero. The Company may not ever be able to realize the benefit of some or all of the federal and state loss carryforwards, either due to ongoing operating losses or due to ownership changes, which limit the usefulness of the loss carryforwards.

Recent accounting pronouncements: In March 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-05 (“ASU 2018-05”), Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which was issued to state the income tax accounting implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”). The guidance clarifies the measurement period timeframe, changes in subsequent reporting periods and reporting requirements as a result of the TCJA. The measurement period begins in the period that includes the TCJA’s enactment date which was December 22, 2017 and as a result the Company has reflected the impact of this ASU on the deferred tax calculation as of December 31, 2017.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement —Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the TCJA, and requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. ASU 2018-02 is effective for entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, and shall be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the corporate income tax rate in the TCJA is recognized. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the modification. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU was designed to reduce the diversity in practice of how the eight specified items are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows, including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs. The amendments are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those years. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard does not have a significant effect on the Company’s ongoing financial reporting as the Company had classified its debt prepayment and debt extinguishment costs in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in accordance with the amendments.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: 1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The new lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, Leases (Topic 842), which adds two practical expedients to the new lease guidance. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition and requires application of the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The Company is evaluating the effect that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and has not determined the expected impact at this time.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (the “New Revenue Standard”). The New Revenue Standard replaces transaction-and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current U.S. GAAP with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition. The New Revenue Standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services to customers. There is also additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

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The New Revenue Standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. For purposes of providing comparable periods upon adoption, the Company applied the full retrospective transition method, which required the Company to restate each prior reporting period presented. The impact of the New Revenue Standard relates to the Company’s accounting for branded net product sales. There are no changes to the net product sales of generic Tussionex revenue since the Company has estimated product returns since inception of recognizing revenue in August 2014.

The Company implemented internal controls and key system functionality to enable the preparation of financial information and reached conclusions on key accounting assessments related to the New Revenue Standard, including management’s assessment that the impact of accounting for costs incurred to obtain a contract is immaterial.

Under the New Revenue Standard, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those good or services. Therefore, the Company is required to make estimates of the net sales price, including estimates of variable consideration (e.g., savings offers, prompt payment discounts, product returns, wholesaler fees and estimated rebates) to be incurred on the selling price of the respective branded product sales, and recognize the estimated amount as revenue, when it transfers control of the product to its customers (e.g., upon shipment or delivery). Variable consideration must be determined using either an expected value or most likely amount method. The estimate of variable consideration is also subject to a constraint such that some or all of the estimated amount of variable consideration will only be included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue (in the context of the contract) will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Estimating variable consideration and the related constraint require the use of significant management judgment and other market data. To implement the New Revenue Standard, the Company analyzed recent branded product return history and other market data obtained from its 3PLs to determine a reliable return rate. Additionally, management analyzed historical savings offers, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler fees and rebates payments based on patient prescriptions dispensed of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and information obtained from third-party providers to determine these respective variable considerations. Management has concluded that estimates of the above variable considerations are reasonably constrained, and estimates can be used for recognizing branded total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments as revenue beginning January 1, 2018. Refer to Impacts to Previously Reported Results below for the impact of adoption of the New Revenue Standard included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Impacts to Previously Reported Results

Adoption of the new revenue standard impacted the Company’s previously reported results as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
	As Previously			New Revenue Standard
Condensed consolidated statements of operations	Reported			Adjustment			As Adjusted
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue: net product sales	$	5,627		$	4		$	5,631
Cost of goods sold	4,615			135			4,750
Gross profit	1,012			(131		)	881
Net loss attributable to common stock	(17,090		)	(131		)	(17,221		)
Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted	(0.87		)	(0.01		)	(0.88		)

	December 31, 2017
	As Previously			New Revenue Standard
Condensed consolidated statements of balance sheet	Reported			Adjustment			As Adjusted
	(in thousands)
Inventories	$	13,459		$	(1,727	)	$	11,732
Other current assets	5,093			(1,518		)	3,575
Total current assets	82,640			(3,245		)	79,395
Accrued expenses	10,570			10,374			20,944
Deferred revenue	14,676			(14,676		)	—
Total current liabilities	37,602			(4,302		)	33,300
Accumulated deficit	(266,365		)	(1,057		)	(265,308		)
Total liabilities and stockholder’ equity	107,353			(3,245		)	104,108

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Adoption of the New Revenue Standard had no impact to cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

From time to time, additional new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

Note 3. Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities, which include warrants, outstanding stock options under the stock option plan and shares issuable in future periods, such as RSU awards, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to compute basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position. Restricted stock is considered legally issued and outstanding on the grant date, while RSUs are not considered legally issued and outstanding until the RSUs vest. Once the RSUs are vested, equivalent common shares will be issued or issuable to the grantee and therefore the RSUs are not considered for inclusion in total common shares issued and outstanding until vested.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 were excluded from consideration in the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

	March 31,
	2018	2017

Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants (as converted)	70,833	70,833
Stock options outstanding	3,027,931	2,106,650
RSU’s granted, not issued or outstanding	178,750	—

Note 4. Fair value of financial instruments

The Company records financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The carrying amounts of certain financial assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximated their fair value due to their short-term maturities. The remaining financial instruments were reported on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at amounts that approximate current fair values based on market based assumptions and inputs.

As a basis for categorizing inputs, the Company uses a three tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value from market based assumptions to entity specific assumptions as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full-term of the asset.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. They reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset.

The following table presents the hierarchy for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the indicated dates:

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	Fair Value as of March 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents	$	17,790	$	6,987	$	—	$	24,777
Short-term investments	—		12,444		—		12,444
Total financial assets	$	17,790	19,431		—		$	37,221

Earnout liability	$	—	$	—	$	170	$	170
Derivative liability (see Note 8)	—		—		1,474		1,474
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	1,644	$	1,644

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,969	$	—	$	—	$	31,969
Short-term investments	—		18,448		—		18,448
Total financial assets	$	31,969	$	18,448	$	—	$	50,417

Earnout liability	$	—	$	—	$	170	$	170
Derivative liability (see Note 8)	—		—		1,660		1,660
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	1,830	$	1,830

The Company’s Level 1 assets included bank deposits, certificates of deposit and actively traded money market funds with a maturity of 90 days or less at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Asset values were considered to approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

The Company’s Level 2 assets included commercial paper and corporate bonds with maturities of less than one year that are not actively traded which were classified as available-for-sale securities. The estimated fair values of these securities were determined by third parties using valuation techniques that incorporate standard observable inputs and assumptions such as quoted prices for similar assets, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids/offers and other pertinent reference data.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments had quoted prices at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 as shown below:

	March 31, 2018
	Amortized		Unrealized			Market
	Cost		Gain / (Loss)			Value
	(in thousands)

Bank deposits and money market funds	$	17,790	$	—		$	17,790

Financial and corporate debt securities	19,434		(3		)	19,431

	$	37,224	$	(3	)	$	37,221

	December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Unrealized			Market
	Cost		Gain / (Loss)			Value
	(in thousands)

Bank deposits and money market funds	$	31,969	$	—		$	31,969

Financial and corporate debt securities	18,454		(6		)	18,448

	$	50,423	$	(6	)	$	50,417

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The Company’s Level 3 liability included the fair value of the earnout liability and the fair value of the Deerfield Private Design Fund III, L.P. and Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. derivative liability at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The fair value of the derivative liability was determined after taking into consideration valuations using the Monte Carlo method based on assumptions at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. There were no significant changes in the pricing assumptions during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The methodologies and significant inputs used in the determination of the fair value of the debt derivative liability were as follows:

	Derivative Liability
Date of Valuation	3/31/2018	12/31/2017
Valuation Method	Monte Carlo	Monte Carlo
Volatility (annual)	N/A	N/A
Time period from valuation until maturity of debt (yrs.)	4.113	4.360
Cumulative probability of a change in control prepayment implied by model	27%	27%
Cumulative probability of other accelerated prepayments implied by model	16%	17%
Discount rate	16.53%	16.20%
Fair value of liability at valuation date (thousands)	$1,474	$1,660

Significant changes to these assumptions would result in increases/decreases to the fair value of the debt derivative liabilities.

Changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the periods indicated were as follows:

	Level 3
	Liabilities
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,830

Change in fair value	(186		)

Balance at March 31, 2018	$	1,644

Note 5. Inventories

Inventories at the indicated dates consist of the following:

				December 31,
	March 31,			2017
	2018			(as adjusted)
	(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	3,921		$	3,476
Work in progress	6,254			6,155
Finished goods	3,834			2,470

Inventory at cost	14,009			12,101
Inventory reserve	(610		)	(369		)

	$	13,399		$	11,732

Note 6. Sale-leaseback transaction

The Company accounts for the sale and leaseback transactions discussed below as capital leases under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 840-40, Leases—Sale Leaseback Transactions. Accordingly, the leased assets are recorded in property and equipment and the capitalized lease obligations are included in long-term liabilities at the present value of the future lease payments in accordance with the terms of the lease (see Note 12). Lease payments are applied using the effective interest rate inherent in the leases. Depreciation of the property

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and equipment is included within depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows.

In 2012, the Company negotiated financing arrangements with a related party which provided for the sale-leaseback of up to $6.5 million of the Company’s property and equipment with a bargain purchase option at the end of the respective lease. These financing arrangements were executed in five separate tranches that occurred in February, July and November 2013, and March 2014. The two February leases and the July lease had been fully satisfied before 2017. The November 2013 leases for a total of $1.0 million of assets expired in April 2017 and the related $161,000 gain was fully amortized at that time and the $100,000 lease buy-out option liability was fully satisfied. The March 2014 lease for $795,000 of assets expired in September 2017 and the related $116,000 gain was fully amortized at that time and the lease buy-out option liability of $79,000 was fully satisfied.

In February 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a related party for the sale-leaseback of newly acquired assets of up to $5.0 million to finance its capital expenditures. Each lease under this master agreement is for an initial term of 36 months and has an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the respective lease that management considers to be a bargain purchase option. Under this agreement, the Company entered into leases and sold assets with a total capitalized cost of $481,000 and $2,742,000 at effective interest rates of 14.3% and 14.9% on February 13, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The February sale resulted in net gains of $14,000 which has been deferred and is being amortized over the 36-month term of the lease. There was no gain or loss on the June 2017 sale.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately $1,000 and $20,000, respectively, of the net gain on sale-leasebacks was recognized in other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 7. Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of the following:

	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017 (as adjusted)
	(in thousands)
Accrued savings offers	$	11,893	$	7,168
Accrued rebates	5,300		4,008
Accrued customer returns	3,340		2,711
Accrued wholesaler fees	3,020		2,345
Accrued payroll and benefits	2,014		2,534
Other accrued expenses	3,013		2,178
Total accrued expenses	$	28,580	$	20,944

Note 8. Long-term debt

Long-term debt at the indicated dates consists of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Deerfield senior secured credit facility, net of discount of $2,635 and $2,843, respectively	$	57,364		$	57,156
Capital leases, maturing through May 2020	2,557			2,678

	59,921			59,834
Less current portion	(948		)	(896		)

Long-term debt	$	58,973		$	58,938

Senior secured credit facility: On May 11, 2016, the Company entered into a $60.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Facility”) with Deerfield Private Design Fund III, L.P. (66 2/3% of Facility) and Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. (33 1/3% of Facility) (collectively, “Deerfield”), as lenders. In February 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,750,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share (see Note 9). Deerfield, the Company’s senior lender, participated in the purchase of the Company’s common shares as part of this public offering, and as a result, was classified as a related party at the time of the corresponding transactions.

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Approximately $33 million of the $60 million Facility proceeds was used to prepay the existing $24.3 million principal and $0.1 million of accrued interest related to the senior Loan and Security Agreement (the “LSA”) with Hercules Technology III, L.P., (“Hercules”), the $1.1 million LSA end of term fee, a LSA prepayment charge of $243,000 and the $5.9 million of principal and $1.3 million of interest on the 10% related party amended and restated subordinated note (the “Note”) that was issued by the Company to Essex Capital Corporation (“Essex”), which were otherwise payable in 2016 and 2017. Principal on the Facility is due in three equal annual installments beginning in May 2019 and continuing through May 2021, with a final payment of principal, interest and all other obligations under the Facility due May 11, 2022. Interest is due quarterly beginning in June 2016, at a rate of 12.95% per year. The Company had an option, which it exercised, to defer payment of each of the first four interest payments, adding such amounts to the outstanding loan principal. The aggregate $6.6 million in deferred interest payments (the “Accrued Interest”) was due and payable on June 1, 2017. Borrowings under the Facility are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, except the assets under capital lease. The terms of the Facility require the Company to maintain cash on deposit of not less than $5.0 million.

On June 1, 2017 (the “Amendment Date”), the Company and Deerfield entered into a First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Facility which extended the date to repay the Accrued Interest under the Facility to June 1, 2018 (the “PIK Maturity Date”), which may be extended to June 1, 2019 at the election of the Company if certain conditions have been met as specified in the Amendment.

The right to payment of the Accrued Interest was memorialized in the form of senior secured convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) issued to Deerfield on the Amendment Date. Interest was due quarterly at a rate of 12.95% per year. The principal amount of the Convertible Notes issued under the Amendment and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon was to become due and payable upon written notice from Deerfield, and if either (a) the Company did not meet certain quarterly sales milestones specified in the Amendment or (b) the Company had not received and publicly announced FDA approval of the new drug applications on or before the applicable Prescription Drug User Fee Act (the “PDUFA”) goal date as set forth on the schedules to Amendment. Per the Amendment, the Company will prepay all of the outstanding obligations under the Facility and the Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a change in control or a sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities. The Amendment increased the staggered prepayment fees for prepayments due upon a change of control or any other prepayment made or required to be made by the Company by 300 basis points from June 1, 2017 through the period ending prior to May 11, 2020 for the change in control prepayment fees and through the period ending prior to May 11, 2022 for any other prepayments, respectively (the “Prepayment Premiums”). Such Prepayment Premiums, as amended, range from 12.75% to 2%.

The $6.6 million of Convertible Notes was convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the noteholder’s option at any time up to the close of business on the date that is five days prior to the PIK Maturity Date. The per share conversion price was the greater of (a) 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion, and (b) $7.00. Deerfield cannot own more than 9.985% of the Company’s outstanding shares at any one time, and the aggregate conversion cannot exceed 19.9% of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of June 1, 2017.

On October 26, 2017, Deerfield provided a conversion notice electing to convert the entire $6.6 million of Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $7.08 per share. The conversion price was based on 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion. This resulted in issuing 929,967 shares of the Company’s common stock to Deerfield on this date and the Convertible Notes were cancelled.

In conjunction with the Amendment to the Facility and the related issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Agreement”) which required the Company to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the shares of common stock issued or issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (the “Conversion Shares”) (subject to certain adjustment for stock split, dividend or other distribution, recapitalization or similar events, the “Registrable Securities”) within 30 days from June 1, 2017, which was to become effective per the SEC no later than 75 days thereafter. The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to comply with the Registration Agreement on June 30, 2017, which became effective on July 11, 2017. This filing covered 940,924 shares, which is the number of shares that would be issued at the floor conversion rate of $7.00 per share. The Company is also required to, among other things, maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, continue to file the required SEC filings on a timely basis, use its best efforts to ensure that the registered securities are listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series as issued by the Company are then listed and comply with any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA “) requests. The Company’s obligations with respect to each

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registration end at the date which is the earlier of (a) when all of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration have been sold or (b) when Deerfield or any of its transferee or assignee under the Registration Agreement cease to hold any Registrable Securities. For each registration, the Company shall bear all reasonable expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, and shall reimburse Deerfield or any assignee or transferee for up to $25,000 in legal fees. The Company currently expects to satisfy all of its obligations under this Registration Agreement and does not expect to pay any damages pursuant to this agreement; therefore, no liability has been recorded (see Note 12).

The Company has accounted for the Amendment as a debt modification as the instruments were not substantially different; therefore, the remaining debt discount on the original Facility is being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of the modified debt. The Company evaluated the Amendment together with the Convertible Notes to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualified as derivatives requiring separate recognition. This evaluation identified a derivative liability of $2.1 million for the fair value of the change in control and other accelerated payment features as the prepayment fees resulted in premiums that were greater than 10% (see Note 4). As the change in control and other accelerated payments terms, including the prepayment fees, were applied to the entire debt per the terms of the amended Facility, the corresponding debt discount will be amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of the Facility. The fees paid to or on behalf of the creditor for the debt modification totaled $40,000 and were recorded as additional debt discount on the amended Facility to be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Facility. The Company’s evaluation also determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated as derivatives from the Convertible Notes host instruments. Therefore, the Company recorded a $0.6 million discount to the convertible notes for the intrinsic value of the embedded conversion option based upon the difference between the fair value of the underlying common stock on June 1, 2017 and the effective conversion price embedded in the Convertible Notes, which will be amortized using the effective interest method to interest expense over the one-year term of the Convertible Notes. The Company recorded a $0.6 million corresponding credit to a beneficial conversion feature classified as additional paid in capital in stockholders’ equity (deficit) in the Company’s financial statements.

In connection with the Facility, the Company paid a $1,350,000 yield enhancement fee to Deerfield, approximately $173,000 of legal costs to the Company’s attorneys and $58,000 of legal costs on behalf of Deerfield’s attorneys, all of which were recorded as debt discount and amortized over the six-year term of the Facility, using the effective interest method.

Pursuant to the Convertible Notes, if the Company had failed to provide the number of conversion shares, then the Company would have paid damages to Deerfield or subsequent holder or any designee (“Holder”) for each day after the third business day after receipt of notice of conversion (the “Share Delivery Date”) that such conversion was not timely effected. The Facility also contains certain customary nonfinancial covenants, including limitations on the Company’s ability to transfer assets, engage in a change of control, merge or acquire with or into another entity, incur additional indebtedness and distribute assets to shareholders. Upon an event of default, the lenders may declare all outstanding obligations accrued under the Facility to be immediately due and payable, and exercise its security interests and other rights. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Facility.

Debt discount amortization for the Facility, including the Amendment after June 1, 2017, was calculated using the effective interest rates of 15.03% on the original facility debt and 25.35% on the Convertible Notes, charged to interest expense and totaled $209,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $1,316,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

Capital lease obligations to related party: As described in Notes 6 and 11, during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2014 and 2013, the Company entered into agreements with Essex for the sale-leaseback of existing and newly acquired assets with a total capitalized cost of $3.2 million, $795,000 and $5.5 million, respectively, which are classified as capital leases. The approximate imputed interest rate on these leases is 14.9%, 14.5% and 14.5%, respectively. Interest expense on these leases was $98,000 and 19,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Future principal payments of long-term debt including capital leases are as follows:

Period ending:	March 31,
	(in thousands)

2019	$	948
2020	16,115
2021	15,459
2022	15,020
2023	15,014
Thereafter	—

Future principal payments	$	62,556

Less unamortized debt discount related to long-term debt	(2,635		)
Less current portion of long-term debt	(948		)

Total long-term debt	$	58,973

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Note 9. Common stock

In February 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,750,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share, which included 750,000 shares of its common stock resulting from the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option on February 17, 2017. Deerfield, the Company’s senior lender, participated in the purchase of the Company’s common shares as part of this public offering, and as a result, was classified as a related party at the time of the corresponding transactions. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $26.7 million.

On June 30, 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 4,800,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $6.25 per share for total proceeds of $30.0 million before estimated offering costs of $0.2 million. The Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 720,000 shares of its common stock which was exercised in full on July 26, 2017. The net proceeds to the Company through July 26, 2017 from this offering, after deducting offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $34.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company sold an aggregate 749,639 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement, at an average sale price of approximately $5.01 per share for gross proceeds of $3.7 million and net proceeds of $3.6 million and paying total compensation to the sales agent of approximately $0.1 million. No sales have been made under the Sales Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, $58.0 million of the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units remained available to be sold pursuant to the Shelf, including $36.2 million of the Company’s common stock which remained available to be sold under the Sales Agreement, subject to certain conditions specified therein.

Note 10. Share-based Compensation

Share-based Compensation Plans

In July 2015, the Company adopted the Neos Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) which became effective immediately prior to the closing of the IPO and initially had 767,330 shares of common stock reserved for issuance. On January 1, 2016 and each January 1 thereafter, the number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2015 Plan shall be cumulatively increased by five percent of the number of shares of stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares determined by the administrator of the 2015 Plan. Accordingly, on January 1, 2018 and 2017, the Company added 1,449,847 shares and 803,049 shares, respectively, to the option pool. The 2015 Plan superseded the Neos

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Therapeutics, Inc. 2009 Equity Plan (the “2009 Plan”), originally adopted in November 2009 and which had 1,375,037 shares reserved and available for issuance. Effective upon closing of the IPO, the Company’s board of directors determined not to grant any further awards under the 2009 Plan.

The shares of common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, canceled, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the 2009 Plan will be added to the shares of common stock available under the 2015 Plan. This number is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in the Company’s capitalization. The 2015 Plan is administered by the Company’s compensation committee. The Company’s compensation committee has full power to select, from among the individuals eligible for awards, the individuals to whom awards will be granted, to make any combination of awards to participants and to determine the specific terms and conditions of each award, subject to the provisions of the 2015 Plan. The Company’s compensation committee may delegate authority to grant certain awards to the Company’s chief executive officer. Through March 31, 2018, the Company has granted options, restricted stock and RSUs. The exercise price per share for the stock covered by a stock award granted shall be determined by the administrator at the time of grant but shall not be less than 100 percent of the fair market value on the date of grant. Unexercised stock awards under the 2015 Plan expire after the earlier of 10 years or termination of employment, except in the case of any unexercised vested options, which generally expire 90 days after termination of employment.

The 2009 Plan allowed the Company to grant options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and to grant restricted stock awards to members of its management and selected members of the Company’s board of directors. Restricted stock awards are recorded as deferred compensation and amortized into compensation expense, on a straight-line basis over a defined vesting period ranging from 1 to 48 months. Options were granted to officers, employees, nonemployee directors and consultants, and independent contractors of the Company. The Company also granted performance based awards to selected management. The performance options vested over a three-year period based on achieving certain operational milestones and the remaining options vest in equal increments over periods ranging from two to four years. Unexercised options under the 2009 Plan expire after the earlier of 10 years or termination of employment, except in the case of any unexercised vested options, which generally expire 90 days after termination of employment. All terminated options are available for reissuance under the 2015 Plan. Since the inception of the 2015 Plan through December 31, 2017, 9,304 shares related to forfeited 2009 Plan options and 33,801 shares related to the surrender of restricted stock were added to the shares available under the 2015 Plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 5,000 shares related to forfeited 2009 Plan options were added to the shares available under the 2015 Plan. As of March 31, 2018, 1,377,804 shares of common stock remain available for grant under the 2015 Plan.

Share-based Compensation Expense

The Company has reported share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
	(in thousands)
Cost of goods sold	$	119	$	84
Research and development	78		79
Selling and marketing	257		197
General and administrative	513		625
	$	967	$	985

The total share based compensation expense included in the table above is attributable to stock options and RSUs of $931,000 and $36,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. The total share based compensation expense included in the table above is attributable to stock options and restricted stock of $963,000 and $22,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively.

As of March 31, 2018, there was $8.9 million of compensation costs adjusted for any estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options and RSUs granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans not yet recognized in the Company’s financial statements. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted

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average period of 2.5 years for stock options and 3.6 years for RSUs. There is no unrecognized compensation cost associated with grants of restricted stock.

Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s board of directors granted 608,753 options.

The Company estimates the fair value of all stock options on the grant date by applying the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model. The application of this valuation model involves assumptions that are highly subjective, judgmental and sensitive in the determination of compensation cost. Prior to the IPO, given the absence of an active market for the Company’s common stock prior to its IPO, the Company’s board of directors was required to estimate the fair value of its common stock at the time of each option grant primarily based upon valuations performed by a third-party valuation firm.

The weighted-average key assumptions used in determining the fair value of options granted during the period indicated are as follows:

	Three Months
	Ended March 31, 2018

Estimated dividend yield	0.00		%
Expected stock price volatility	60.00		%
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	2.65		%
Expected life of option in years	6.25
Weighted-average option fair value at grant	$	4.87

A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the activity from December 31, 2017 through March 31, 2018, is presented below:

			Weighted-
	Number of		Average		Intrinsic
	Options		Exercise Price		Value
					(in thousands)

Outstanding at December 31, 2017	2,454,973		$	11.195	$	4,764

Exercisable at December 31, 2017	1,137,766		$	10.919	$	2,890

Granted	608,753		$	8.35
Exercised	—		—
Expired, forfeited or cancelled	(35,795	)	10.28

Outstanding at March 31, 2018	3,027,931		$	10.63	$	2,582

Exercisable at March 31, 2018	1,210,149		$	10.80	$	1,905

The weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and exercisable on March 31, 2018 was 8.1 and 7.0 years, respectively. The option exercise prices for all options granted January 1, 2018 through March 31, 2018 ranged from $8.30 per share to $10.40 per share. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and exercisable on December 31, 2017 was 7.9 and 7.2 years, respectively. The option exercise price for all options granted in the year ended December 31, 2017 ranged from $7.00 to $9.10 per share.

Restricted Stock Units

On May 1, 2017, the Company granted 78,750 RSUs to members of its management which vest in four equal annual installments, beginning May 1, 2018. On October 2, 2017, the Company granted 6,250 RSUs to a member of its management which vest in four equal annual installments, beginning October 2, 2018. On March 1, 2018, the Company granted 93,750 RSUs to members of its management which vest in four equal annual installments, beginning March 1, 2019. The Company had not issued any RSUs previously.

A summary of outstanding RSUs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the activity from December 31, 2017 through March 31, 2018, is presented below:

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		Weighted-
	Number of	Average
	RSUs	Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2017	85,000	$	7.15

Granted	93,750	8.30
Exercised	—	—
Expired, forfeited or cancelled	—	—

Outstanding at March 31, 2018	178,750	$	7.76

The weighted-average remaining contractual life of RSUs outstanding on March 31, 2018 was 9.5 years.

Restricted stock

The Company did not issue any shares of restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2018, or for the year ended December 31, 2017. No vested restricted stock awards were settled during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company had no unvested restricted stock as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no shares of restricted stock granted or forfeited.

Note 11. Treasury stock

The Company has the authority to repurchase common stock from former employees, officers, directors or other persons who performed services for the Company at the lower of the original purchase price or the then-current fair market value. On October 16, 2017, October 17, 2016 and October 16, 2015, 14,895 shares, 9,709 shares and 9,197 shares, respectively, of restricted stock were surrendered by the holder to the Company to cover taxes associated with vesting of restricted stock and such shares were added back into the treasury stock of the Company, increasing total treasury stock to 33,801 shares as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018.

Note 12. Commitments and contingencies

Registration Payment Arrangement: In June 2017, in conjunction with the Amendment to the Facility and the related issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into the Registration Agreement which required the Company to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the Registrable Securities (see Note 8) within 30 days from June 1, 2017, which was to become effective per the SEC no later than 75 days thereafter. The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to comply with the Registration Agreement on June 30, 2017, which became effective on July 11, 2017. This filing covered 940,924 shares, which is the number of shares that would be issued at the floor conversion rate of $7.00 per share. The Company is also required to, among other things, maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, continue to file the required SEC filings on a timely basis, use its best efforts to ensure that the registered securities are listed on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class or series as issued by the Company are then listed and comply with any FINRA requests. Upon any Registration Failure, the Company shall pay additional damages to the Holder for each 30-day period (prorated for any partial period) after the date of such Registration Failure in an amount in cash equal to two percent of the original principal amount of the Convertible Notes. The Company’s obligations with respect to each registration end at the date which is the earlier of (a) when all of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration have been sold or (b) when Deerfield or any of its transferee or assignee under the Registration Agreement cease to hold any of the Registrable Securities. For each registration filing, the Company shall bear all reasonable expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, and shall reimburse Deerfield or any assignee or transferee for up to $25,000 in legal fees. The Company currently expects to satisfy all of its obligations under the Registration Agreement and does not expect to pay any damages pursuant to this agreement; therefore, no liability has been recorded.

Patent Infringement Litigation: On October 31, 2017, the Company received a paragraph IV certification from Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva”) advising the Company that Teva had filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) with the FDA for a generic version of Cotempla XR-ODT, in connection with seeking to market its product prior to the expiration of patents covering Cotempla XR-ODT. The certification notice alleged that the three U.S. patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Cotempla XR-ODT, one with an expiration date in April 2026 and two with expiration dates in June 2032, will not be infringed by Teva’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable. On

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December 13, 2017, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Delaware against Teva alleging that Teva infringed the Company’s Cotempla XR-ODT patents by submitting to the FDA an ANDA seeking to market a generic version of Cotempla XR-ODT prior to the expiration of the Company’s patents. This lawsuit automatically stayed, or barred, the FDA from approving Teva’s ANDA for 30 months or until a district court decision that is adverse to the asserted patents is rendered, whichever is earlier. The Company intends to vigorously enforce its intellectual property rights relating to Cotempla XR-ODT.

On July 25, 2016, the Company received a paragraph IV certification from Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. (“Actavis”) advising the Company that Actavis had filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT. The certification notice alleged that the four U.S. patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Adzenys XR-ODT, one with an expiration date in April 2026 and three with expiration dates in June 2032, will not be infringed by Actavis’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable. On September 1, 2016, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Delaware against Actavis alleging that Actavis infringed the Company’s Adzenys XR-ODT patents by submitting to the FDA an ANDA seeking to market a generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT prior to the expiration of the Company’s patents. On October 17, 2017, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) and a Licensing Agreement (the “Licensing Agreement” and collectively with the Settlement Agreement, the “Agreement”) with Actavis. The Agreement resolves all ongoing litigation involving the Company’s Adzenys XR-ODT patents and Actavis’s ANDA. Under the Agreement, the Company granted Actavis the right to manufacture and market its generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT under the ANDA beginning on September 1, 2025, or earlier under certain circumstances. A stipulation and order of dismissal was entered by the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The Agreement has been submitted to the applicable governmental agencies.

Other Litigation: On March 7, 2018, the Company received a citation advising the Company that the County of Harris Texas (the “County”) filed a lawsuit on December 13, 2017 against the Company and various other alleged manufacturers, promoters, sellers and distributors of opioid pharmaceutical products. Through this lawsuit, the County seeks to recoup as damages some of the expenses it allegedly has incurred to combat opioid use and addiction. The County also seeks punitive damages, disgorgement of profits and attorneys’ fees. While the Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against it, the Company is not able to predict at this time whether this proceeding will have a material impact on its results of operations.

Operating lease: The Company leases its Grand Prairie, Texas office space and manufacturing facility under an operating lease which expires in 2024. In addition, in December 2015, the Company executed a 60-month lease for office space in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania for its commercial operations, which commenced on May 1, 2016. The Company accounts for rent expense on long-term operating leases on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease resulting in a deferred rent balance of $1,059,000 million at March 31, 2018 and $1,083,000 million at December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company is also liable for a share of operating expenses for both premises as defined in the lease agreements. The Company’s share of these operating expenses was $54,000 and $59,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rent expense for these leases, excluding the share of operating expenses, was $253,000 and $252,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Cash incentive bonus plan: In July 2015, the Company adopted the Senior Executive Cash Incentive Bonus Plan (“Bonus Plan”). The Bonus Plan provides for cash payments based upon the attainment of performance targets established by the Company’s compensation committee. The payment targets will be related to financial and operational measures or objectives with respect to the Company, or corporate performance goals, as well as individual targets. The Company has recorded $344,000 and $327,000 of compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, under the Bonus Plan.

Note 13. License agreements

On October 17, 2017, the Company entered into the Agreement with Actavis. Under the Licensing Agreement, the Company granted Actavis a non-exclusive license to certain patents owned by the Company by which Actavis has the right to manufacture and market its generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT under its ANDA beginning on September 1, 2025, or earlier under certain circumstances. The Licensing Agreement has been submitted to the applicable governmental agencies (see Note 12).

On July 23, 2014, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement and an associated License Agreement (the “2014 License Agreement”) with Shire LLC (“Shire”) for a non-exclusive license to certain patents for certain activities with respect to the Company’s New Drug Application (the “NDA”) No. 204326 for an extended-release orally disintegrating amphetamine polistirex tablet. In accordance with the terms of the 2014 License Agreement, following the

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receipt of the approval from the FDA for Adzenys XR-ODT, the Company paid a lump sum, non-refundable license fee of an amount less than $1.0 million in February 2016. The Company is paying a single digit royalty on net sales of Adzenys XR-ODT during the life of the patents.

On January 26, 2017, the Company sent a letter to Shire, notifying Shire that the Company had made a Paragraph IV certification to the FDA that in the Company’s opinion and to the best of its knowledge, the patents owned by Shire that purportedly cover the Company’s product, Adzenys ER, are invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of Adzenys ER. On March 6, 2017, the Company entered into a License Agreement (the “2017 License Agreement”) with Shire, pursuant to which Shire granted the Company a non-exclusive license to certain patents owned by Shire for certain activities with respect to the Company’s NDA No. 204325 for an extended-release amphetamine liquid suspension. In accordance with the terms of the 2017 License Agreement, following the receipt of the approval from the FDA for Adzenys ER, the Company paid a lump sum, non-refundable license fee of an amount less than $1.0 million in October 2017. The Company will also pay a single digit royalty on net sales of Adzenys ER during the life of the relevant Shire patents.

Such license fees are capitalized as an intangible asset and are amortized into cost of goods sold over the life of the longest associated patent. The royalties are recorded as cost of goods sold in the same period as the net sales upon which they are calculated.

Additionally, each of the 2014 and 2017 License Agreements contains a covenant from Shire not to file a patent infringement suit against the Company alleging that Adzenys XR-ODT or Adzenys ER, respectively, infringes the Shire patents.

Note 14. Related party transactions

As described in Note 6, in February 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a related party for the sale-leaseback of newly acquired assets of up to $5.0 million to finance the Company’s capital expenditures. Each lease under this master agreement will be for an initial term of 36 months and will have an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the respective lease that management considers to be bargain purchase option. Under this master agreement, the Company entered into leases and sold assets with a total capitalized cost of $481,000 and $2,742,000 at effective interest rates of 14.3% and 14.9% on February 13, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The total lease obligation under all related party financing arrangements was $2,467,000 and $2,678,000 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

In February 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,750,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share, which includes 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock resulting from the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option at the public offering price on February 17, 2017 (see Note 9). On June 30, 2017, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 4,800,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $6.25 per share. The Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 720,000 shares of its common stock which was exercised in full on July 26, 2017 (see Note 9). Deerfield, the Company’s senior lender, participated in the purchase of the Company’s common shares as part of both public offerings, and as a result, was classified as a related party at the time of the corresponding transactions. The Company is obligated under a $60.0 million senior secured credit Facility that was issued by the Company to Deerfield. On June 1, 2017, the Company and Deerfield entered into an Amendment to the Company’s existing Facility with Deerfield which extended the date to repay the Accrued Interest under the Facility to June 1, 2018, which may be extended to June 1, 2019 at the election of the Company if certain conditions have been met as specified in the Amendment. The right to payment of the Accrued Interest was memorialized in the form of Convertible Notes issued to Deerfield on the Amendment Date. On October 26, 2017, Deerfield provided a conversion notice electing to convert the entire $6.6 million of Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $7.08 per share. The conversion price was based on 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion. This resulted in issuing 929,967 shares of the Company’s common stock to Deerfield on this date and the Convertible Notes were cancelled (see Note 8).

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2018. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

OVERVIEW

We are a pharmaceutical company focused on developing, manufacturing and commercializing products utilizing our proprietary modified-release drug delivery technology platform, which we have already used to develop Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER oral suspension (“Adzenys ER”), for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”). Our products and product candidates are extended-release (“XR”), medications in patient-friendly, orally disintegrating tablets (“ODT”) or liquid suspension dosage forms. Our proprietary modified-release drug delivery platform has enabled us to create novel, extended-release ODT and liquid suspension dosage forms. We received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), for Adzenys XR-ODT, our amphetamine XR-ODT, on January 27, 2016 and launched the commercialization of this product on May 16, 2016. We received approval from the FDA for Cotempla XR-ODT, our methylphenidate XR-ODT for the treatment of ADHD in patients 6 to 17 years old, on June 19, 2017. We initiated an early experience program with limited product availability on September 5, 2017 before launching this product nationwide on October 2, 2017. Also, we received approval from the FDA for Adzenys ER, our amphetamine extended-release liquid suspension, on September 15, 2017, and launched the commercialization of this product on February 26, 2018. We believe Adzenys XR-ODT and Cotempla XR-ODT are the first amphetamine XR-ODT and the first methylphenidate XR-ODT, respectively, for the treatment of ADHD on the market.

We are commercializing Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER in the United States using our own commercial infrastructure. We are manufacturing Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER in our current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) and U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”)-registered manufacturing facilities, thereby obtaining our products at cost without manufacturer’s margins and better controlling supply quality and timing. We also currently use these facilities to manufacture our generic equivalent to the branded product, Tussionex, an XR liquid suspension of hydrocodone and chlorpheniramine indicated for the relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms of a cold (“generic Tussionex”).

On July 25, 2016, we received a paragraph IV certification from Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. (“Actavis”) advising us that Actavis has filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) with the FDA for a generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT. On September 1, 2016, we filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Delaware against Actavis, Inc. alleging that Actavis infringed our Adzenys XR-ODT patents by submitting to the FDA an ANDA seeking to market a generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT prior to the expiration of our patents. On October 17, 2017, we entered into a Settlement Agreement and a Licensing Agreement (collectively, the “Agreement”) with Actavis. The Agreement resolves all ongoing litigation involving our Adzenys XR-ODT patents and Actavis’s ANDA. Under the Agreement, we have granted Actavis the right to manufacture and market its generic version of Adzenys XR-ODT under the ANDA beginning on September 1, 2025, or earlier under certain circumstances. A stipulation and order of dismissal was entered by the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The Agreement has been submitted to the applicable governmental agencies.

On October 31, 2017, we received a paragraph IV certification from Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva”) advising us that Teva has filed an ANDA with the FDA for a generic version of Cotempla XR-ODT. We have new product exclusivity for a three-year period from the date of approval for Cotempla XR-ODT. The certification notice alleges that the three U.S. patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Cotempla XR-ODT, one with an expiration date in April 2026 and two with expiration dates in June 2032, will not be infringed by Teva’s proposed product, are invalid and/or are unenforceable. On December 13, 2017, we filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Delaware against Teva alleging that Teva infringed our Cotempla XR-ODT patents by submitting to the FDA an ANDA seeking to market a generic version of Cotempla XR-ODT prior to the expiration of our patents. This lawsuit automatically stayed, or barred, the FDA from approving Teva’s ANDA for 30 months or until a district court decision that is adverse to the asserted patents is rendered, whichever is earlier. We intend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights

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relating to Cotempla XR-ODT. We are unable to predict the timing or outcome of these proceedings at this time. We anticipate incurring increasing amounts of legal fees in the enforcement of our intellectual property rights.

Our predecessor company was incorporated in Texas on November 30, 1994 as PharmaFab, Inc. and subsequently changed its name to Neostx, Inc. On June 15, 2009, we completed a reorganization pursuant to which substantially all of the capital stock of Neostx, Inc. was acquired by a newly formed Delaware corporation, named Neos Therapeutics, Inc. The remaining capital stock of Neostx, Inc. was acquired by us on June 29, 2015, and Neostx, Inc. was merged with and into Neos Therapeutics, Inc. Historically, we were primarily engaged in the development and contract manufacturing of unapproved or Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (“DESI”), pharmaceuticals and, to a lesser extent, nutraceuticals for third parties. The unapproved or DESI pharmaceuticals contract business was discontinued in 2007, and the manufacture of nutraceuticals for third parties was discontinued in March 2013.

Since our reorganization in 2009, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to funding our manufacturing operations and to our commercial products and product candidates which consist of implementation of our commercialization strategies, research and development activities, clinical trials for our product candidates, the general and administrative support of these operations and intellectual property protection and maintenance. Prior to our initial public offering of our common stock in July 2015, we funded our operations principally through private placements of our common stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock, bank and other lender financings and through payments received under collaborative arrangements.

On August 28, 2014, we completed an acquisition of all of the rights to the Tussionex Abbreviated New Drug Application (“Tussionex ANDA”), which include the rights to produce, develop, market and sell, as well as all the profits from such selling activities, our generic Tussionex, which we previously owned the rights to manufacture, but which was marketed and sold by the generic drug division of Cornerstone Biopharma, Inc. (“Cornerstone”). These rights were acquired from the collaboration of the Company, Cornerstone and Coating Place, Inc. Prior to the acquisition, we shared profits generated by the sale and manufacture of the product under a development and manufacturing agreement with those companies.

We have incurred significant losses in each year since our reorganization in 2009. Our net losses were $14.4 million and $65.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had accumulated deficits of approximately $279.7 million and $265.3 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses in the near term. We expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

· operate commercial infrastructure to support sales and marketing for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER;

· continue research and development activities for new product candidates;

· conduct post-marketing approval research activities for our approved products;

· manufacture supplies for our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

· continue to enforce our intellectual property rights; and

· operate as a public company.

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

Revenue

During 2015 and 2016, our revenue was generated primarily from product sales of our generic Tussionex recorded on a net sales basis. Sales of our generic Tussionex are seasonal and correlate with the cough and cold season. We launched commercialization of Adzenys XR-ODT on May 16, 2016, initiated an early experience program with Cotempla XR-ODT with limited product availability on September 5, 2017 before launching this product nationwide on October 2, 2017 and launched commercialization of Adzenys ER on February 26, 2018. We sell our products to drug wholesalers in the United States. We have also established indirect contracts with drug, food and mass retailers that order and receive our generic Tussionex product through wholesalers. As a result of our acquisition of all of the rights to commercialize and derive future

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profits from the Tussionex ANDA, the continuing commercialization of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, we expect our future revenue to increase from historical levels.

We expect the number of prescriptions filled for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to continue to increase. In addition, we expect product shipments to our wholesalers to correspondingly increase. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, wholesalers purchased 58,139 units of Adzenys XR-ODT as compared to 36,714 units for the same period one year ago. Unit shipments of Cotempla XR-ODT for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were 52,221; Cotempla XR-ODT launched in the third quarter of 2017. Unit shipment of Adzenys ER, which launched commercially on February 26, 2018, were 1,422 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

In the future, we will seek to generate additional revenue from product sales of generic Tussionex, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER. If we fail to successfully market generic Tussionex, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, our inability to generate future revenue from product sales may adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

Research and development

We expense research and development costs as they are incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in the discovery and development of our product candidates, and primarily include:

· expenses, including salaries and benefits, which includes share-based compensation expense, of employees engaged in research and development activities;

· expenses incurred under third party agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”), and investigative sites that conduct our clinical trials and a portion of our pre-clinical activities;

· cost of raw materials, as well as manufacturing cost of our materials used in clinical trials and other development testing;

· cost of facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses;

· fees paid to regulatory authorities for review and approval of our product candidates; and

· expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining patents.

Direct development expenses associated with our research and development activities are allocated to our product candidates. Indirect costs related to our research and development activities that are not allocated to a product candidate are included in “Other Research and Development Activities” in the table below.

Prior to 2016 and the launch of Adzenys XR-ODT, the largest component of our total operating expenses had been our investment in research and development activities including the clinical development of our product candidates. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017

NT-0102 Cotempla XR-ODT	$	20	$	10
NT-0201 Adzenys ER	4		22
NT-0202 Adzenys XR- ODT	400		94
Other Research and Development Activities (1)	1,267		1,598
	$	1,691	$	1,724

(1) Includes unallocated product development cost, salaries and wages, occupancy and depreciation and amortization.

We expect that our research and development expenses will fluctuate over time as we explore new product candidates, but will decrease as a percentage of revenue if Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER are commercially successful. We expect to fund our research and development expenses from our current cash and cash equivalents, a portion of the net proceeds from our public offerings of common stock and debt financing and revenues, if

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any, from Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER and, if approved, our product candidates that we may develop.

The process of conducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our product candidates. The probability of success of our product candidates may be affected by numerous factors, including clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. As a result, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects or when and to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates.

Selling and marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for personnel, including share-based compensation expense, commercialization activities for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, pre-commercialization activities for Adzenys ER, commercial sales organization costs incurred in the preparation for and in the commercialization of Adzenys XR-ODT and Cotempla XR-ODT, and in the preparation for the launch and commercialization of Adzenys ER and trade sales expenses for our generic Tussionex. Other selling and marketing expenses include market research, brand development, advertising agency and other public relations costs, managed care relations, medical marketing, sales support tools, sales planning and market data and analysis.

We believe that our selling and marketing expenses may continue at these levels with the continuing commercialization of Adzenys XR-ODT and Cotempla XR-ODT, and the launch and commercialization of Adzenys ER in the United States.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for personnel, including share-based compensation expense, for our employees in executive, finance, information technology and human resources functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility-related costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses or cost of goods sold, and professional fees for business development, accounting, tax and legal services.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase due to increased expenses associated with being a public company, including costs for audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services, director and officer insurance premiums and investor relations costs, as well as accounting and compliance costs to support the commercialization of our products, and, if approved, our product candidates. In addition, as a result of our Paragraph IV litigation costs, we have incurred increasing amounts of legal fees in the enforcement of our intellectual property rights.

Interest expense, net

On May 11, 2016, we entered into a $60.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Facility”) with Deerfield Private Design Fund III, L.P. (66 2/3% of Facility) and Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. (33 1/3% of Facility) (collectively, “Deerfield”) as lenders. Deerfield participated in the purchase of our common shares as part of our February 2017 public offering, and as a result, was classified as a related party at the time of the corresponding transactions. Approximately $33.0 million of the Facility proceeds were used to prepay the existing senior Loan and Security Agreement (the “LSA”) with Hercules Technology III, L.P. (“Hercules”) and the 10% related party subordinated debt (the “Note”) issued by Excess Capital Corporation (“Excess”) that was otherwise payable in 2016 and 2017. We entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Facility on June 1, 2017 (the “Agreement Date”) to provide a one-year deferral, with an option for a second year of deferral, of payment of the first year accrued interest of $6.6 million (the “Accrued Interest”), provided that we met certain sales revenue targets and obtain FDA approval of certain of our product candidates on or before the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (the “PDUFA”) goal date. Before the Amendment, this accrued interest had been deferred until June 1, 2017 per the terms of the Facility. The right to payment of the $6.6 million of accrued interest was memorialized in the form of senior secured convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) issued to Deerfield on the Amendment Date. Interest was due quarterly at a rate of 12.95% per year. Deerfield had an option to convert these notes into our common stock. On October 26, 2017, Deerfield provided a conversion notice electing to convert the entire $6.6 million of Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $7.08 per share. This resulted in issuing 929,967 shares of our common stock to Deerfield on this date and the Convertible Notes were cancelled.

Interest expense to date has consisted primarily of interest expense on senior debt, including the amortization of debt discounts, the Note and the capitalized leases from a related party resulting from the sale-leaseback transactions of our

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existing and newly-acquired property and equipment. We amortize debt issuance costs over the life of the notes which are reported as interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

Other income (expense), net

Other income and expense to date has primarily consisted of amortization of the net gain recorded on the sale-leaseback of our property and equipment. The first sale-leaseback financings occurred in five separate transactions in 2013 and 2014, each with a 42-month lease term. The gains on the transactions were recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective 42-month lease term. In February 2017, we entered into an additional agreement for the sale-leaseback of newly acquired assets of up to $5.0 million to finance our capital expenditures. Under this agreement, we entered into leases and sold assets with a total capitalized cost of $481,000 and $2,742,000 at effective interest rates of 14.3% and 14.9% on February 13, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The February sale resulted in a net gain of $14,000 which has been deferred and is being amortized over the 36-month term of the lease. There was no gain or loss on the June 2017 sale. (See Notes 6 and 13 to the notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details). Other income and expense also includes interest earned, accretion and gains on our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and changes resulting from the remeasurement of the fair value of our earnout and derivative liabilities. The primary objective of our investment policy is liquidity and capital preservation.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017

Revenues

The following table summarizes our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2018		2017 (as adjusted)		Increase (Decrease)		%Increase (Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Product	$	10,729	$	5,631	$	5,098	90.5	%

Total product revenues were $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $5.1 million or 90.5% from the $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $3.6 million increase in net sales of Cotempla XR-ODT which commenced on September 5, 2017 with an early experience program. Sales from Adzenys XR-ODT increased $1.9 million to $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Net sales of Adzenys ER which launched on February 26, 2018 were $0.2 million. The increase was partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in net sales of our generic Tussionex to 1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 primarily due to alternative treatments options for this product.

Cost of goods sold

The following table summarizes our cost of goods sold for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2018		2017 (as adjusted)		Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Cost of goods sold	$	5,221	$	4,750	$	471	9.9	%

The total cost of goods sold was $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $0.5 million or 9.9%, from the $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was primarily from a $3.2 million increase in product costs and an associated increase of $0.8 million of royalty fees, freight and logistics costs relating to the sales of Cotempla XR-ODT which commenced on September 5, 2017 with an early experience program, increased sales from Adzenys XR-ODT which launched on May 16, 2016 and sales from Adzenys ER which launched on February 26, 2018. There were no costs in cost of goods sold associated with Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER in the quarter ended March 31, 2017, which was prior to the approvals of Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER. Partially offsetting these increased costs were lower production cost of $3.5 million relating to efficiencies from increased production to meet sales demand for the three branded products.

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Research and development expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase			% Increase
	2018		2017		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Research and development expenses	$	1,691	$	1,724	$	(33	)	(1.9	)%

Research and development expenses stayed flat at $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Selling and marketing expenses

The following table summarizes our selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase		% Increase
	2018		2017		(Decrease)		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Selling and marketing	$	12,990	$	10,706	$	2,284	21.3	%

The total selling and marketing expenses were $13.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $2.3 million or 21.3%, from the $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $0.8 million in marketing expense, $0.8 million in the commercial sales organization salesforce costs, $0.3 million in salaries and benefits and $0.3 million in professional sales and marketing services. The increased selling and marketing expenses were to support the sales of Cotempla XR-ODT which commenced on September 5, 2017 and Adzenys ER which launched on February 26, 2018, whereas we had only one commercially-available branded product, Adzenys XR-ODT, in the same period of 2017.

General and administrative expenses

The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase			% Increase
	2018		2017		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

General and administrative	$	3,345	$	3,539	$	(194	)	(5.5	)%

The total general and administrative expenses were $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, a decrease of $0.2 million or 5.5%, from the $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily from lower salary and compensation expense.

Interest expense

The following table summarizes interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Increase		% Increase
	2018		2017		(Decrease)		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Interest expense	$	2,220	$	2,211	$	9	0.4	%

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The total interest expense was $2.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, primarily from interest on the Facility (see Note 8 to the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details).

Other income (expense), net

The following table summarizes our other income (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Increase		% Increase
	2018		2017		(Decrease)		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Other income, net	$	302	$	78	$	224	287.2	%

Other income, net was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $0.2 from the $0.1 million of net income for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 consisted of $0.2 million of change in fair value of the Deerfield debt derivative and $0.1 million of interest income. Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily from interest income, as there was no Deerfield debt derivative in that time period.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Sources of liquidity

Since our reorganization in 2009 until our initial public offering (“IPO”), we financed our operations primarily through private placements of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock and bank and other lender financing. On July 28, 2015, we closed our IPO whereby we sold 5,520,000 shares of our common stock, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, which includes 720,000 shares of our common stock resulting from the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option at the IPO price on July 23, 2015. We received aggregate net proceeds of $75.0 million from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $5.8 million and offering expenses of approximately $2.0 million. The securities described above were offered by us pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 declared effective by the SEC on July 22, 2015.

On May 11, 2016, we entered into the Facility with Deerfield. Approximately $33 million of the $60 million Facility proceeds was used to prepay the existing $24.3 million principal and $0.1 million of accrued interest related to the LSA, the $1.1 million LSA end of term fee, an LSA prepayment charge of $243,000 and the $5.9 million of principal and $1.3 million of interest on the Note that was issued by us to Essex, which payments were otherwise payable in 2016 and 2017. Principal on the Facility is due in three equal annual installments beginning in May 2019 and continuing through May 2021, with a final payment of principal, interest and all other obligations under the Facility due May 11, 2022. Interest is due quarterly beginning in June 2016, at a rate of 12.95% per year. We had an option, which we exercised, to defer payment of each of the first four interest payments under the Facility, adding such amounts to the outstanding loan principal. The aggregate $6.6 million Accrued Interest was to be paid in cash on June 1, 2017.

On the Amendment Date, we entered into the Amendment to the Facility with Deerfield which extended the date to repay the Accrued Interest under the Facility to June 1, 2018 (the “PIK Maturity Date”), which may have been extended to June 1, 2019 at our election if certain conditions had been met as specified in the Amendment. The right to payment of the Accrued Interest was memorialized in the Convertible Notes issued to Deerfield on the Amendment Date. Interest was due quarterly at a rate of 12.95% per year.

The $6.6 million of Convertible Notes were convertible into shares of our common stock at the noteholder’s option at any time up to the close of business on the date that was five days prior to the PIK Maturity Date. The per share conversion price was to be the greater of (A) 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion, and (B) $7.00. On June 30, 2017, we filed a registration statement on form S-3 with the SEC registering 940,924 shares of

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our common stock that may be offered from time to time by Deerfield, the maximum number of shares of our common stock which would be issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes assuming the lowest possible conversion price of $7.00 per share, and such registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on July 11, 2017. On October 26, 2017, Deerfield provided a conversion notice electing to convert the entire $6.6 million of Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $7.08 per share. The conversion price was based on 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion. This resulted in issuing 929,967 shares of the Company’s common stock to Deerfield on this date and the Convertible Notes were cancelled.

In February 2017, we entered into an agreement with a related party for the sale-leaseback of newly acquired assets of up to $5.0 million to finance our capital expenditures. Each lease under this master agreement is for an initial term of 36 months and will have a bargain purchase option at the end of the respective lease. Under this agreement, we entered into leases and sold assets with a total capitalized cost of $481,000 and $2,742,000 at effective interest rates of 14.3% and 14.9% on February 13, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

In February 2017, we closed an underwritten public offering of 5,750,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share, which includes 750,000 shares of our common stock resulting from the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option at the public offering price on February 17, 2017. Deerfield, our senior lender, participated in the purchase of our common shares as part of this public offering, and as a result, was classified as a related party at the time of the corresponding transactions. The net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us were approximately $26.7 million.

On June 30, 2017, we closed an underwritten public offering of 4,800,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.25 per share for total proceeds of $30.0 million before estimated offering costs of $0.2 million. We also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 720,000 shares of our common stock which the underwriters exercised in full on July 26, 2017. The net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $34.3 million.

The shares of common stock for both the June 2017 and February 2017 offerings were offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, including a base prospectus, filed by us on August 1, 2016, and declared effective by the SEC on August 12, 2016. This shelf registration statement covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to an aggregate of $125.0 million of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units (the “Shelf”). We simultaneously entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, as sales agent, to provide for the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $40.0 million of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings under the Shelf (the “Sales Agreement”). During the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold an aggregate 749,639 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement, at an average sale price of approximately $5.01 per share for gross proceeds of $3.7 million and net proceeds of $3.6 million after paying compensation to the sales agent of $0.1 million. No sales have been made under the Sales Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Our policy is to invest any cash in excess of our immediate requirements in investments designed to preserve the principal balance and provide liquidity. Accordingly, our cash equivalents and short-term investments are invested in bank deposits, money market funds, financials and corporate debt securities, all of which are currently providing only minimal returns.

As of March 31, 2018, we had $24.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and $12.4 million in short-term investments. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months after filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We may continue to seek private or public equity and debt financing to meet our capital requirements. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available on terms favorable to us, if at all, or that we will be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. In addition, we may not be profitable even if we succeed in commercializing Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER.

Cash flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for the periods indicated:

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	Three months ended
	March 31,						Increase
	2018			2017			(Decrease)
	(in thousands)

Net cash (used in) provided by:
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(12,704	)	$	(15,939	)	$	3,235
Net cash provided by investing activities	5,739			5,146			593
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(227		)	30,102			(30,329		)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(7,192	)	$	19,309		$	(26,501	)

Cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities during these periods primarily reflected our net losses, partially offset by changes in working capital and non-cash charges including deferred interest on debt, changes in fair value of earnout, derivative and warrant liabilities, share-based compensation expense, depreciation expense, amortization of patents and other intangible assets and amortization of senior debt fees.

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.7 million and $15.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The $3.2 million decrease in net cash used from operating activities was due to the $2.8 million decrease in our net losses, as discussed in “Results of Operations” above, a $2.1 million decrease in noncash items and a $2.5 million increase in the provision of cash from working capital.

The increase in cash provided by working capital changes resulted primarily from $4.8 million decreased cash usage for accounts payable and accrued expenses due to the timing of vendor invoicing and payments and $0.6 million decrease from other assets mainly associated with prepared expenses. These increases were partially offset by $2.0 million from increased inventories due to increased production volume for our branded products, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, whereas we only had one commercially-available branded product, Adzenys XR-ODT, in the first quarter of 2017, $0.6 million decrease from the discontinued deferred commercial sales organization costs due to the building up of our sales organization in the first quarter of 2018 and $0.3 million for accounts receivable primarily due to increased sales in the first quarter of 2018. The decrease in noncash items was principally due to a $2.1 million decrease in deferred interest on debt and a $0.2 million decrease in the fair value change of earnout, derivative and warrant liabilities, partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in amortization of senior debt fees.

Cash provided by investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities is generally due to our cash from investments in excess of our operating needs as well as purchase of equipment to support our research and development and manufacturing activities.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to $17.0 million of sales and maturities of short-term investments, partially offset by the $11.0 million purchase of short-term investments and $0.3 million of capital expenditures principally for production equipment. Net cash provided by investing activities was $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 primarily due to $13.4 million of sales and maturities of short-term investments and $0.5 million of proceeds from sale-leaseback of equipment, partially offset by the $8.5 million purchase of short-term investments and $0.2 million of capital expenditures.

Cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 was for the principal payments under the sales-leasebacks. Net cash provided by financing activities of $30.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 included $30.3 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock net of related underwriting discounts, commissions and issuance costs, partially offset by $0.2 million of principal payments under the sales-leasebacks.

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Credit facilities

On May 11, 2016, we entered into the Facility with Deerfield. Approximately $33 million of the proceeds was used to repay the existing $24.3 million principal and $0.1 million of accrued interest related to the LSA, the $1.1 million LSA end of term fee, an LSA prepayment charge of $243,000 and the $5.9 million of principal and $1.3 million of interest on the Note that was issued by us to Essex which was to mature in March 2017, which were otherwise payable in 2016 and 2017. Principal on the Facility is due in three equal annual installments beginning in May 2019 and continuing through May 2021, with a final payment of principal, interest and all other obligations under the Facility due May 11, 2022. Interest is due quarterly beginning in June 2016, at a rate of 12.95% per year. In connection with the Facility, we paid a $1.35 million enhancement fee to Deerfield and approximately $0.2 million of legal fees. Borrowings under the Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets, except the assets under capital lease, and we will maintain cash on deposit of not less than $5.0 million.

We had an option, which we exercised, to defer payment of each of the first four interest payments, adding such amounts to the outstanding loan principal. The aggregate $6.6 million Accrued Interest was to be paid in cash on June 1, 2017.

On June 1, 2017, we entered into the Amendment to the Facility which extended the PIK Maturity Date to June 1, 2018, which may have been extended to June 1, 2019 at our election if certain conditions had been met as specified in the Amendment. The right to payment of the Accrued Interest was memorialized in the Convertible Notes issued to Deerfield on the Amendment Date. Interest was due quarterly at a rate of 12.95% per year.

The $6.6 million of Convertible Notes were convertible into shares of our common stock at Deerfield’s option at any time up to the close of business on the date that is five days prior to the PIK Maturity Date. The per share conversion price was to be the greater of (A) 95% of the average of the volume weighted average prices per share of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the three trading day period immediately preceding such conversion, and (B) $7.00. On June 30, 2017, we filed a registration statement on form S-3 with the SEC registering 940,924 shares of our common stock that may be offered from time to time by Deerfield, the maximum number of shares of our common stock which would be issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes assuming the lowest possible conversion price of $7.00 per share, and such registration was declared effective by the SEC on July 11, 2017. Deerfield cannot own more than 9.985% of our outstanding shares at any one time, and the aggregate conversion could not exceed 19.9% of our outstanding common stock as of June 1, 2017.

The principal amount of the Convertible Notes issued under the Amendment and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon was to become due and payable upon written notice from the Deerfield, and if either (a) we did not meet certain quarterly sales milestones specified in the Amendment or (b) we did not receive and publicly announce FDA approval of the new drug applications on or before the applicable PDUFA goal date as set forth on the schedules to Amendment. Per the Amendment, we will prepay all of the outstanding obligations under the Facility and the Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a change in control or a sale of substantially all of our assets and liabilities. The Amendment increased the staggered prepayment fees for prepayments due upon a change of control or any other prepayment made or required to be made by us by 300 basis points from June 1, 2017 through the period ending prior to May 11, 2020 for the change in control prepayment fees and through the period ending prior to May 11, 2022 for any other prepayments, respectively (the “Prepayment Premiums”). Such Prepayment Premiums, as amended, range from 12.75% to 2%.

On October 26, 2017, Deerfield elected to convert the entire $6.6 million of Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $7.08 per share. This resulted in issuing 929,967 shares of the Company’s common stock to Deerfield on this date and the Convertible Notes were cancelled.

Borrowings under the Facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets, except the assets under capital lease, and we will maintain cash on deposit of not less than $5.0 million. The Facility also contains certain customary nonfinancial covenants, including limitations on our ability to transfer assets, engage in a change of control, merge or acquire with or into another entity, incur additional indebtedness and distribute assets to shareholders. Upon an event of default, the lender may declare all outstanding obligations accrued under the Facility to be immediately due and payable, and exercise its security interests and other rights. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with the covenants under the Facility.

We had a Note in the aggregate principal amount of $5.9 million that was issued by us to Essex which was to mature in March 2017. Interest was to be accrued and added to the principal balance until such time as we achieved positive EBITDA for three consecutive months. The $5.9 million Note and the related $1.3 million of accrued interest were repaid on May 11, 2016 with proceeds from the Facility as mentioned above.

During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2014 and 2013, we entered into agreements with Essex for the sale-leaseback of existing and newly acquired assets with a total capitalized cost of $3.2 million, $795,000 and $5.5 million,

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respectively, with bargain purchase options at the end of each respective lease, all of which are classified as capital leases. The two February 2013 leases for a total of $3.5 million of assets expired in July 2016, the July 2013 lease for a total of $1.0 million of assets expired in December 2016, the November 2013 lease for a total of $1.0 million of assets expired in April 2017, the March 2014 lease for a total of $795,000 of assets expired in September 2017, and all lease buy-out liabilities were satisfied. The approximate imputed interest rate on these leases is 14.9%, 14.5% and 14.5%, respectively. See “Contractual Commitments and Obligations” below for future payments under these leases.

Capital resources and funding requirements

On August 1, 2016, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to an aggregate of $125.0 million of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units. We simultaneously entered into a Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, as sales agent, to provide for the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $40.0 million of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings under the Shelf. The Shelf was declared effective by the SEC on August 12, 2016.

In February 2017, pursuant to the Shelf, we closed an underwritten public offering of 5,750,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share, which includes 750,000 shares of our common stock resulting from the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option at the public offering price on February 17, 2017. The net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us were approximately $26.7 million.

On June 30, 2017, pursuant to the Shelf, we closed an underwritten public offering of 4,800,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.25 per share for total proceeds of $30.0 million before estimated offering costs of $0.2 million. We also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 720,000 shares of our common stock which the underwriters exercised in full on July 26, 2017. The net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $34.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold an aggregate 749,639 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average sale price of approximately $5.01 per share. No sales have been made under the Sales Agreement during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, $58.0 million of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units remained available to be sold pursuant to the Shelf, including $36.2 million of common stock which remained available to be sold under the Sales Agreement, subject to certain conditions specified therein.

We may continue to seek private or public equity and debt financing to meet our capital requirements. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available on terms favorable to us, if at all, or that we will be able to successfully commercialize Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT, Adzenys ER or, if approved, our new product candidates. In addition, we may not be profitable even if we succeed in commercializing Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT, Adzenys ER or, if approved, any of our new product candidates. We expect to continue to incur operating losses over the next several years as we seek regulatory approval for our product candidates and build and operate commercial infrastructure to support sales and marketing of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT, Adzenys ER and, if approved, our product candidates that we may develop. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, resulting in the use of our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our products and product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amount of increased capital required to become profitable. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

· the costs of operating our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

· the market acceptance of our products and, if approved, product candidates and related success in commercializing and generating sales from our products and, if approved, product candidates, that we may develop;

· the costs of our manufacturing capabilities to support our commercialization activities, including any costs associated with adding new capabilities;

· the costs and timing involved in obtaining regulatory approvals for our new product candidates;

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· the timing and number of product candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval;

· the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities;

· the number and characteristics of new product candidates that we pursue; and

· our ability to hire qualified employees at salary levels consistent with our estimates to support our growth and development, including additional general and administrative personnel as a result of becoming a public company, and sales and marketing personnel to commercialize our approved products.

We may not generate a sufficient amount of product revenues from sales of Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to finance our cash requirements. Until we obtain regulatory approval to market our new product candidates, if ever, we cannot generate revenues from sales of those products. Even if we are able to sell our products, including Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER, we may not generate a sufficient amount of product revenues to finance our cash requirements. Accordingly, we may need to obtain additional financing in the future which may include public or private debt and equity financings and/or entrance into product and technology collaboration agreements or licenses and asset sales. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. The issuance of equity securities may result in dilution to stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt securities, these securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock and the terms of the debt securities could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we may have to scale back our commercial operations or limit our research and development activities, which would have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on our historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to the notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services at a point in time. We make estimates of the net sales price, including estimates of variable consideration (e.g., savings offers, prompt payment discounts, product returns, wholesaler fees, wholesaler chargebacks and estimated rebates) to be incurred on the selling price of the respective product sales, and recognize the estimated amount as revenue when it transfers control of the product to its customers (e.g., upon delivery). Variable consideration is determined using either an expected value or a most likely amount method. The estimate of variable consideration is also subject to a constraint such that some or all of the estimated amount of variable consideration will only be included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue (in the context of the contract) will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Estimating variable consideration and the related constraint will require the use of significant management judgment and other market data. We provide for prompt payment discounts, wholesaler fees and wholesaler chargebacks based on customer contractual stipulations. We analyze recent product return history and other market data obtained from our third party logistics providers (“3PLs”) to determine a reliable return rate. Additionally, we analyze historical savings offers and rebate payments based on patient prescriptions dispensed for Adzenys XR ODT, Cotempla XR

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ODT and Adzenys ER and information obtained from third party providers to determine these respective variable considerations.

We sell our generic Tussionex, Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to a limited number of pharmaceutical wholesalers, all subject to rights of return. Pharmaceutical wholesalers buy drug products directly from manufacturers. Title to the product passes upon delivery to the wholesalers, when the risks and rewards of ownership are assumed by the wholesaler. These wholesalers then resell the product to retail customers such as food, drug and mass merchandisers.

Net branded product sales

Net product sales for branded Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER products represent total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments. Gross to net sales adjustments include savings offers, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler fees, estimated rebates to be incurred on the selling price of the respective product sales and estimated allowances for product returns. We recognize branded total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments as revenue based on shipments from 3PLs to our wholesaler customers.

Savings offers

We offer savings programs for Adzenys XR-ODT, Cotempla XR-ODT and Adzenys ER to patients covered under commercial payor plans in which the cost of a prescription to such patients is discounted. We record the amount of redeemed savings offers based on information from third-party providers against the estimated discount recorded as accrued expenses. The estimated discount is recorded as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized.

Prompt payment discounts

Wholesale distribution fees

Rebates for branded products

Our products are subject to commercial managed care and government managed Medicare and Medicaid programs whereby discounts and rebates are provided to participating managed care organizations and federal and/or state governments. Calculations related to these rebate accruals are estimated based on information from third-party providers. Estimated rebates payable under such programs are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time revenues are recorded. Historical trends of estimated rebates will be continually monitored and may result in future adjustments to such estimates.

Product returns of branded products

Estimated returns are recorded as accrued expenses and as a gross to net sales adjustments at the time revenue is recognized. We analyzed recent branded product return history and other market data obtained from our 3PLs to determine a reliable return rate.

Net generic product sales

Net product sales for our generic Tussionex product represent total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments. Gross to net sales adjustments include prompt payment discounts, estimated allowances for product returns, wholesaler fees, estimated government rebates and estimated chargebacks to be incurred on the selling price of generic

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Tussionex related to the respective product sales. We recognize generic Tussionex total gross product sales less gross to net sales adjustments as revenue