Venture capitalists make investments in start-ups and early-stage businesses with high growth potential. This segment has been heavily impacted recently due to changes in interest rates and general market confidence. Interest rate changes affect every aspect of the market by increasing borrowing costs, leading to a drop in consumer spending and reducing the amount of money available for venture investments.

Interest rates have increased around the globe in an effort to combat rising inflation and prevent it from becoming entrenched. As a result, market sentiment has soured, changing from extremely bullish in 2021 to overwhelmingly bearish in 2022/early 2023. This has affected the amount of capital available for IPOs, as shown by the precipitous drop from 1,035 IPOs in 2021 to only 181 in 2022 (per Statista). IPOs or Initial Public Offerings are when a previously private company first lists its shares on the public markets. An IPO often marks the first real opportunity for investors and employees of a company to sell their shares. 

The other route to liquidity that has emerged over the past few years is the private secondary market, where employees and investors of startups can sell their stock privately in order to cash out before an IPO. Jordan Long, Head of Lead Generation at ESO Fund, notes “in 2021 there was a very robust secondary market with tons of transactions happening each day. Come 2022, there were more than 3 sellers for every 1 buyer as prices continued to fall alongside the public markets.”

The secondary and IPO markets moved hand in hand, both peaking in 2021 before falling back to earth over the past year plus. This lack of liquidity leads Venture Capitalists to deploy their capital into the new market reality. Companies are not receiving the same lofty price tags they did in previous years and a premium is being put on profitability, which was seemingly cast aside in recent years in favor of growth at all costs.

Interest rates and market mood all affect the investing landscape, which complicates the venture capital business. With interest rates at recent highs, investors are flocking to safer options rather than flooding their capital into speculative IPO or pre-IPO investments. VCs must be knowledgeable and flexible in the current environment to successfully manage the shifting investment landscape. Companies will need to stick it out longer as private entities than they anticipated. Many companies such as Reddit, Instacart, ServiceTitan, and Stripe all had plans to IPO before the markets turned sour. Since then, both ServiceTitan and Stripe have been forced to raise capital at lower valuations than they received in the 2021 bull market (Stripe is currently in the process of doing so).

By carefully monitoring market sentiment and adjusting their investment strategies accordingly, VCs can position themselves for success and support the growth of startups and early-stage companies. Scott Chou, the founder of ESO Fund, states, “Unfortunately, this investor flight to safety will result in a significant culling of the unicorn population.” Many companies will struggle to find funding in the current market and ESO Fund expects to see many unicorns either get acquired or fail in the coming years. According to CB Insights, there are more than 1,000 unicorns at the moment, many of which will need to raise funds in 2023.

The culling Chou refers to references the fact that many of these companies won’t make it to IPO or M&A and may not even be able to raise more capital. However, Chou also noted that “the companies that survive the culling will have access to better talent at better prices than they have ever experienced. Like in the early 2000s, companies like Google, Netflix, Tesla, Facebook, Apple, and Amazon rose from the ashes of failed companies and experienced great success.”

Economic conditions and market sentiment play a critical role in the venture capital industry. VCs must carefully consider interest rates, regulations, and market sentiment to make informed investment decisions and support the growth of startups and early-stage companies. By staying informed and adaptable, VCs can navigate the changing investment landscape and achieve success in this dynamic and ever-changing landscape.

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